稀土铈对Ni-GO镀层的组织形貌和性能的影响研究

采用电沉积方法在Q235钢上制备Ni-Go复合镀层,研究添加稀土铈对复合镀层形貌、性能的影响。结果表明,当铈浓度为0.8 g.L_-1^时,得到的复合镀层沉积速率增加到7.142 g.dm_-2^.h_^-1,^,硬度达到608.8 HV,磨损量最小,摩擦系数最低为0.387,自腐蚀电位E_corr(-0.3993 V)更正,同时腐蚀电流I_corr(3.258.10_-6 ^A.cm_-2⁾最小,腐蚀速率最低,复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能最优。研究发现,加入稀土铈后,Ni-1.0GO复合镀层的类似珊瑚状的微大尺寸的凸聚体变成了尺寸较小的珊瑚珠状的小凸聚体,镀层组织得到明显细化。在铈浓度为0.8 g.L_-1^时,Ni-1.0GO-0.8RE复合镀层的组织致密性最好,各种性能达到最佳,主要在于稀土铈提高镀液中微粒的分散能力和阴极极化率的效果,提高氢离子在阴极的析出电位,从而抑制析氢反应的发生,使得复合镀层的性能得到进一步提高。     

低Si含量WSiN涂层的结构和摩擦学行为

利用反应磁控溅射法制备W₂N和WSiN涂层,利用XRD,SEM和AFM研究涂层的显微结构,利用纳米压痕仪测试涂层的力学性能,利用摩擦磨损仪表征涂层的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明,原子数分数2.4% Si掺杂没有引起W₂N涂层相结构和力学性能的明显变化,但降低了涂层的表面粗糙度（从10.56 nm到8.35 nm）。不锈钢基底、W₂N涂层、WSiN涂层与Al₂O₃对偶球的摩擦因数分别为0.62、0.42和0.35,对应的磨损率分别为4.2×10^-14、3.8×10^-16和3×10^-16 m³/N·m。不锈钢基底、W₂N涂层、WSiN涂层与GCr15对偶球的摩擦因数分别为0.56、0.47和0.49,对应的磨损率分别为5.9×10^-15、2.8×10^-16和3.2×10^-16 m³/N·m。在上述两种对偶球情况下,W₂N涂层、WSiN涂层均能够降低不锈钢的摩擦因数10%~40%和磨损率1~2个量级。W₂N涂层和WSiN涂层具有较好的润滑抗磨性,能给不锈钢基底提供防护作用,且WSiN涂层的防护效果更佳。     

GLC/成分梯度CNx多层膜的微观结构和摩擦学性能

类金刚石碳膜通常内应力大、结合力低,而多层膜结构可提高结合力。 采用磁控溅射技术在 Si 基体上沉积不同 CNx 层厚度的 GLC/ 成分梯度 CNx 纳米多层膜。 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、Raman 光谱仪、球盘式摩擦仪、纳米压痕仪等对多层膜的表面形貌、微观结构、力学以及摩擦性能进行分析。 结果表明:多层膜表面平整光滑,CNx 层厚度为 50 nm 的多层膜有明显的层状结构。 多层膜中存在石墨相而 CNx 以微晶或非晶存在。 薄膜的 sp3 键含量、结合力、硬度等均随 CNx 层厚度的增加先增加后减小。 CNx 层厚度对多层膜的大气环境摩擦因数影响很小,但显著降低其真空环境摩擦因数。 多层膜的硬度为( 15 ~ 17. 6) GPa,大气中的磨损率为 (1. 03~ 2. 33)×10^-16 m³N^-1m^-1 ,真空中为(2. 06~ 3. 34)×10^-16 m³N^-1m^-1 。 CNx 层厚度为 20 nm 的多层膜综合性能最佳。     

导电Ti3O5包覆纳米铝粉的制备及其作为双离子电池负极材料的电化学性能研究

铝被认为是下一代电池最有前途的负极材料之一, 本文中采用导电的Ti₃O₅作为外壳包覆纳米铝粉来制备Al@Ti₃O₅核壳结构材料, 并将其作为负极材料应用到双离子电池(DIB)中。使用中间相炭微球(MCMB)作为正极材料,Al@Ti₃O₅作为负极材料制作Al@Ti₃O₅-MCMB双离子电池。电池的放电平台可达4.5V, 在电流倍率0.5C下(电流基于正极石墨的理论比容量计算,1C=372mAhg^_-1)放电比容量达到130.6mAhg^_-1,比能量密度为278.8Whkg^_-1。并且在高倍率5C下循环1000次过程中容量基本保持110mAhg^_-1不变,循环后容量保持率达到92.9%。     

烧结NdFeB表面铜-石墨烯复合膜的制备与表征

采用电沉积铜-石墨烯（Cu-GR）复合膜的方法对稀土永磁NdFeB材料进行包覆以提高其耐腐蚀性。对Cu-GR膜层的微观结构、水接触角和表面显微硬度等方面进行了分析。结果表明,随着电沉积液中石墨烯的添加量从0 g·L^-1增加到0.9 g·L^-1,膜层的疏水性和硬度随之提高。通过SEM/EDS和XPS表征,验证了石墨烯在Cu-GR膜层中的均匀分散以及Cu-GR复合材料的组成。利用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究了Cu-GR复合镀层的电化学性能。结果表明,石墨烯的加入使膜层的电化学性能更加稳定、耐蚀性得到提高。当电沉积液中石墨烯添加浓度为0.3 g·L^-1时,获得的Cu-GR复合包覆层在NdFeB基体上表现出最优的综合保护效果。     

喷丸处理对45钢表面Al+注入层抗高温氧化性的影响

为改善45钢的抗高温氧化性能，在其表面制备单一Al⁺注入层和喷丸+Al⁺注入层。检测表征改性层的表面粗糙度、显微硬度、微观形貌、以及铝元素含量，并进行600℃、200 h下的抗高温氧化性能试验。研究结果表明：喷丸处理45钢表面呈现出凹坑、丘陵状、具有近似等轴状纳米晶结构，Al⁺注入使纳米晶进一步细化。喷丸处理使45钢的表面粗糙度Ra从0.42 μm增至1.15 μm，显微硬度、注入铝元素含量及氧化增重分别从单一Al⁺注入层的257 HV_0.05增至喷丸+Al⁺注入层的最高505 HV_0.05，从3.7%增至4.2%和从14.8 mg·cm^-2降至8.3 mg·cm^-2。即喷丸处理有效增强了45钢表面Al⁺注入层的抗高温氧化性能。     

低温烧结高导热纳米银纸的制备及其烧结工艺研究

制备了一种用于大功率半导体封装互连用的低温烧结高导热新型热界面材料—纳米银纸。其外观为可裁剪的纸张状，测量其抗拉强度为3.89 MPa。纳米银纸主要由银纳米线组成，银含量约为99.5%，其余为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为主的有机物。实验采用热压烧结方式，探究了不同烧结工艺对纳米银纸导热性能的影响。研究结果表明，纳米银纸可在200 ℃、10 MPa时实现烧结，并取得210 W?m^-1?K^-1的热导率(λ)，升高烧结温度和压力至300 ℃、10 MPa则能进一步将纳米银纸烧结体的热导率提升至280 W?m^-1?K^-1。纳米银纸可为大功率半导体封装互连提供一种优选方案。     

a-C∶H和ta-C涂层对7075铝合金的摩擦学特性

为了评估 a-C ∶H 和 ta-C 涂层应用于铝合金干式切削刀具表面防护的可行性,在 M2 高速钢基底上,用 RFPECVD 方法沉积 a-C ∶H 涂层,用磁过滤阴极真空电弧方法沉积了 ta-C 涂层。 通过热重试验观测两种涂层在升温过程中的质量变化。 将这两种涂层在大气环境退火,用拉曼光谱等方法表征涂层的结构,用纳米压痕法测量涂层硬度。 通过大气环境下的球盘摩擦磨损试验,比较 a-C ∶H 和 ta-C 涂层的对7075 铝合金摩擦学性能。 结果显示:经过 400 ℃退火,a-C ∶H 涂层硬度从24. 8 GPa 下降至 20. 0 GPa,ta-C 涂层硬度从 28. 7 GPa 增加至 30. 8 GPa;a-C ∶H 涂层对7075 铝合金的摩擦因数从 0. 17 下降至 0. 14,ta-C 涂层摩擦因数保持不变为 0. 12;a-C ∶H 涂层磨损率从1. 9×10 ^-15 m ²·N ^-1上升至 2. 4×10 ^-15 m ²·N ^-1 ,ta-C 涂层磨损率从 8. 0×10 ^-16 m ²·N ^-1上升至 9. 2×10 ^-16 m ²·N ^-1 。当采用 7075 铝合金为对偶摩擦件时,ta-C 具有比 a-C ∶H 涂层更低的摩擦因数和磨损率,而且随温度变化更稳定,因此 ta-C 是一种更有前途的铝合金干式切削刀具防护涂层。     

选区激光熔化成形用钽粉射频等离子体球化研究

以不规则状钠还原钽粉为原料,采用射频等离子体球化技术制备高纯致密球形钽粉,实现了还原钽粉的球化、致密化和纯化。研究了送粉速率、载气流量、反应室压力等工艺参数对钽粉球化率及粉体特性的影响,并探索了球化钽粉的选区激光熔化成形适用性。结果表明：不规则状钠还原钽粉,经射频等离子体球化处理后可得到表面光滑、内部致密、高纯低氧、球化率可达100%的球形钽粉。球化处理后,钽粉粒度分布变窄。钽粉的球化率随送粉速率的增大而降低,随载气流量的增加先升高后减小。弱负压更有利于获得较高球化率的钽粉。随着球化率的提高,钽粉的流动性能显著改善,松装密度与振实密度明显提高。当送粉速率为30g/min,载气流量为5.0slpm,反应室压力为12.0Psi时,球形钽粉霍尔流速提高到5.98s/50g,松装密度由3.503g/cm_³提高到9.463g/cm_³,振实密度由5.344g/cm_³提高到10.433g/cm_³,且氧含量由0.076%降低至0.0481%。另外,射频等离子体球化钽粉具有良好的选区激光熔化成形适用性,其试样致密度ρ≥99.5%,抗拉强度σ_b=693MPa,屈服强度σ_0.2=616MPa,延伸率δ=28.5%。     

从沉钨钼后液中制备高纯铼酸铵

沉钨钼后液首先经氯化钾沉淀反应得到铼酸钾,其次采用离子交换法将铼酸钾溶液转为高铼酸溶液,最后经氨水中和-浓缩结晶-重结晶得到高纯铼酸铵。结果表明：向沉钨钼后液中加入KCl固体再浓缩析出KReO₄白色晶体,其主要杂质Na、Ca、Fe、Cl含量均小于1%,特别是W、Mo含量均小于0.1%,且Re结晶率可达94%~98%。采用动态法脱K,选用C160(H^₊型)树脂,当KReO₄溶液pH为中性,料液流速控制为2 BVs.h^_-1时,C160树脂对K^₊穿透容量和饱和容量分别为117.865 g.L^_-1和128.385 g.L^_-1,且树脂利用率达到91.81%;所得纯HReO₄溶液中K、Na、Ca、Fe、W、Mo、Mg浓度均降至0.5 mg.L^_-1以下。通过添加优级纯氨水中和HReO₄溶液,控制终点pH为7~8,再经浓缩结晶+1次重结晶,所得铼酸铵纯度达到99.99%以上,其SEM形貌为树枝状。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.