TIG welding-brazing joint of aluminum to stainless steel with hot wire

TIG welding-brazing process with high frequency induction hot wire technology was presented to create joints between 5A06 aluminum alloy and SUS32! stainless steel using ER1100 filler wire with different temperature. The joints were evaluated by mechanical test and microstructural analyses. The welding procedure using hot fiUer wire （400 ℃ ） significantly increases strength stability by 71% and average value of tensile strength by 30. 8 % of the joints, compared with cold wire. The research of microstructures in interfaces and welded seams reveals that using 400 ℃ hot filler wire can decrease the thickness of intermetallic compounds （ IMCs ） from 6 to 3.5 txm approximately, which is the main reason of mechanical property improvement.     

Analysis of metal transfer during electron beam welding with filler wire

The metal transfer mode of electron beam welding （EBW） with filler wire was studied experimentally. The spatial position between the electron beam and the filler wire was defined. Basing on the charge coupled device （CCD） visual sensing system, the metal transfer mode of filler wire was investigated. The results showed that there were five transfer modes during EBW process due to different wire feed rates and spatial positions between beam and filler wire, such as short-circuiting mode, molten metal bridge mode, small droplet mode, big droplet mode and mixed mode. By comparing the weld appearance of different transfer modes, the molten metal bridge transfer was proved to be the best transfer mode.     

A numerical model of wire melting rate in variable-polarity submerged arc welding

Based on the pre-existing wire melting rate model of direct-current submerged arc welding （ DC-SAW） , a new numerical model of wire melting rate was developed for variable-polarity submerged are welding （VP-SAW） by accounting for the combined effects of duty cycle β and offset α. The experimental measurements are in a good agreement with the results calculated by this new wire melting rate model, with the maximum discrepancy being less than 10%. Therefore it is evident that this new numerical model can successfully describe the dependence of wire melting rate on the duty cycle β and offset α.     

Influence of current injection ways on efficiency and size of powders in preparation of nano-powders with electrical explosion

Wire electrical explosion may result in the existence of micro-sized large particles in powders while current injection ways may influence the size and content of micro-sized large particles. Therefore, two kinds of electrical explosion devices with different electrodes by gas discharge were designed in this paper. The pole-board electrodes and the cone electrodes were used respectively for studying copper wire electrical explosion process. The current and voltage data were measured with the Rogowski coil and high voltage probe. The results show that the pulverizing process of electrical explosion is more efficient when the wire electrode current density injected into the cone electrodes is approximately twice as much as the pole-board electrodes. The content of micro-sized large particles is the least among the products of the electrical explosion, when the total deposition energy of the wire prior to vaporization stage is 2. 5 times larger than that of the theoretical value of the completed vaporization.     

激光热丝焊电阻热控制及送丝参数优化

如何选择送丝参数从而获得合适电阻热是确保焊丝稳定过渡和高效熔覆的必要条件. 文中通过高速摄像观察电阻热对焊丝过渡行为的影响,采用红外双色测温对焊丝温度进行测量. 结果表明,导电嘴以下30 mm处焊丝的温度可作为最优电阻热的判据;利用数值模拟方法建立了焊丝非稳态导热模型,计算了导电嘴以下30 mm处焊丝的温度,从而可以预测最优电阻热对应的送丝参数. 对不同送丝速度下最优电流比较发现,一定电阻热下加热电流的平方与送丝速度的比值为常数,可用于快速选择最优电阻热的送丝参数.     

C-Si-Mn系焊丝钢的连续冷却相变及轧制工艺

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟仪研究了含1. 65%Mn的C-Si-Mn系焊丝钢的连续冷却相变行为,并在高速线材轧机上进行了盘条的工业试制。结果表明:热模拟试验中,在变形温度950～1000℃,冷速在0. 3～0. 8℃/s时,试样硬度为149～155 HV5,马氏体形成的临界冷速为1. 5℃/s,铁素体相变开始温度为818～793℃;工业试制时,精轧温度950℃,吐丝温度870～890℃,热轧盘条为铁素体和珠光体两相组织,盘条抗拉强度523 MPa,面缩率81. 2%,伸长率27. 7%。      

高效热丝GMAW焊接工艺熔敷速率试验分析

交流热丝GMAW工艺是一种高效焊接工艺,其主弧为传统GMAW电弧. 填充焊丝和熔池及母材构成闭合回路,交流脉冲预热电流流经该回路,产生电阻热并预热填充焊丝. 当被预热到高温的填充焊丝进入熔池后,在液态金属作用下迅速熔化. 进行了高效热丝GMAW工艺的试验研究,找到填充焊丝预热电流、填充焊丝伸出长度、焊丝间距、主弧焊接规范等参数之间的匹配规律,实现了20 kg/h以上的熔敷速率. 分析了前述影响因子对熔敷效率的影响规律. 结果表明,热丝GMAW在提高熔敷速率和熔敷系数方面相对传统焊接工艺有明显优势,可以实现高熔敷率低热输入的工艺效果. 该工艺在高强钢大厚板焊接等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Rapid cyclic oxidation tests,using joule heating of wire and foil materials

As part of a programme to establish a thermal cyclic oxidation test standard for metallic materials at elevated temperatures (COTEST) a programme of work has been undertaken on the rapid cyclic oxidation of wire and foil materials, using Joule heating. By way of introduction, alternative technologies for rapid thermal cyclic tests are reviewed. Following this the benefits of adopting a modified existing ASTM standard is discussed. The aims of the project were, first, to define a suitable test matrix to evaluate the effect of critical material parameters, to undertake the test to a prescribe standard and then evaluate the performance of materials under rapid thermal cycling, using Joule heating. The performance of the testing methodology is assessed using two materials, Kanthal A1 (reference temperature 1250°C) and Alloy 800 (reference temperature 1000°C). In this paper tests on Kanthal A1 at 1200, 1250 and 1300°C are reported. These tests have been undertaken in laboratory air. Other parameters include the upper dwell time (2, 5 and 10 min), the lower dwell time (constant at 2 min) and specimen geometry. Kanthal A1 material was available as 0.4 mm diameter wire, 0.7 mm diameter wire and 70 μm × 1.25 mm ribbon. The results of these tests were analysed statistically using a 3 × 3 × 3 test matrix with triplicate repeat specimens. The lifetime of the wire or foil samples could be measured using either of two parameters: 1) the number of cycles to failure or the accumulated hot time to failure (accumulated upper dwell time). The cyclic lifetime was critically dependent on temperature, hot dwell time and sample geometry. For these rapid cycle tests on Kanthal A1 wire and foil cycle life decreased with increase in temperature and increase in hot dwell time. The wire/foil endurance (accumulated hot time to failure) decreased slightly with increase in temperature, but increased with hot dwell time (fewer cycles). The endurance of foil samples was shorter than wire samples. Thus for wire/foil endurance only hot dwell time was a statistically significant parameter, over the temperature range studied.     

复二重线材轧机一火成材技术改造

介绍了邢钢轧钢厂复二重轧机实施连铸坯一火成材、热送热装技术的改造过程。     

激光热丝焊焊缝熔合比和焊缝深度方向的微观成分均匀性

以填充奥氏体不锈钢热丝的球墨铸铁焊接为例,研究了激光热丝焊焊缝熔合比和成分均匀性.结果表明,激光热丝焊熔合比小,为38%～55%;焊缝成分均匀性良好,焊缝Cr和Ni元素的不均匀度最高为0.5%和6%.与之相比较,激光-MIG复合焊焊缝熔合比为69%～77%;焊缝Cr和Ni元素的不均匀度最低也达到了62%和51%.激光热丝焊输入电能小且焊丝对输入电能的利用率高,因此能获得小的熔合比,而小的熔合比和焊丝以固态形式过渡进入熔池是焊缝成分均匀分布的原因.     

Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属组织结构及耐磨性分析

针对Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属进行研究,采用XRD和SEM分析了样品的相结构和显微结构;研究发现焊丝熔敷金属中的Fe2B能使熔敷金属堆焊层更加稳固,具有良好的抗剥离性能,Fe2B的硬度高、耐磨性好、分布均匀,镶嵌在熔敷金属的基体中有着骨架的作用,使该合金具有了良好的耐磨性;堆焊金属中的TiC为NbC提供了凝结核,形成NbC+TiC复合相,在提高耐磨性的同时有利于促进NbC弥散分布。NbC+TiC复合相弥散分布在熔敷金属中,部分NbC+TiC复合相嵌于Fe2B组织中有利于固化Fe2B组织。通过Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属与5C-27Cr型高碳高铬合金焊丝熔敷金属磨损试验比较,Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化堆焊金属相对5C-27Cr型高碳高铬合金的耐磨性为2.08。     

固着磨粒切割线研究进展

游离磨粒线锯切割存在污染环境和切割效率低的不足,固着磨粒线锯切割具有切缝小、切片表面质量好、切割速度快和消除工业浪费等优点成为了人们的研究热点。固着磨粒线锯和游离磨粒线锯最主要的区别是切割线,切割线的特性直接影响硅片的切割质量及生产效率。本文阐述了固着磨粒线锯切割的优点,总结了目前几种固着磨粒切割线的制造方法,包括:电镀、电火花、钎焊、树脂、机械碾压和挤压与冲压等,并介绍了固着磨粒切割线的改进方法。     

中碳钢盘条的高温氧化行为研究

针对中碳钢盘条的高温氧化问题,利用热重分析仪对45钢和40Cr钢盘条的高温氧化行为进行了试验研究;采用场发射电子探针表征了氧化铁皮厚度及截面微观形貌,对氧化铁皮形貌演变规律以及合金元素在氧化铁皮与基体界面处的分布规律进行了研究分析。结果表明:45钢和40Cr钢盘条的氧化增重曲线在1 050~1 250 ℃范围内遵循抛物线规律,当氧化条件相同时,相比于常规低碳钢,其氧化激活能较高,抗氧化性能更好;氧化铁皮呈典型的3层结构,从外到里分别为Fe₂O₃、Fe₃O₄及FeO,并且在氧化铁皮与基体界面处存在合金元素富集层;45钢盘条在高温氧化时,Cr元素分布不明显,Si元素在氧化铁皮与基体界面处有少量富集,Mn元素在氧化铁皮中均匀分布;40Cr钢盘条在氧化铁皮与基体界面处不仅有富Si层,还明显存在一层均匀完整的富Cr层,由于合金元素富集层阻碍了Fe²⁺向外扩散,提高了盘条的高温抗氧化性能。     

Effect of filler wire on the joint properties of AZ31 magnesium alloys using CO2 laser welding

Laser welding with filler wire of AZ31 magnesium alloys is investigated using a CO2 laser experimental system. The effect of three different filler wires on the joint properties is researched. The results show that the weld appearance can be effectively improved when using laser welding with filler wire. The microhardness and tensile strength of joints are almost the same us those of the base metal when ER AZ31 or ER AZ61 wire is adopted. However, when the filler wire of ER 5356 aluminum alloy is used, the mechanical properties of flints become worse. For ER AZ31 and ER AZ61 filler wires, the microstructure of weld zone slws small dendrite grains. In comparison, for ER 5356 filler wire, the weld shows a structure of snowy dendrites and many intermetallic compounds and eutectic phases distribute in the dendrites. These intermetallic constituents with low melting point increase the tendency of hot crack and result in fiagile joint properties. Therefore, ER AZ31 and ER AZ61 wire are more suitable filler material than ER 5356 for CO2 laser welding of AZ31 magnesium alloys.     

环形电镀金刚石线锯研究

环形电镀金刚石线锯是将金刚石磨粒固着于环形钢丝基体上的一种切割工具。使用自制的环形电镀金刚石线锯进行多晶硅的切割试验,阐述了钢丝基体材料的选择,焊接方法,环形电镀金刚石线锯的制作工艺。采用切割工艺参数为:锯丝线速度20～40 m/s,工件进给速度2～10 mm/min,锯丝张紧力60～100 N。试验表明:硅片表面平整光滑,表面粗糙度Ra达到0.328～0.562μm,体现出环形金刚石线锯切割的良好特性。     

薄板2524铝合金激光填丝焊接工艺及组织性能

2524铝合金是具有优异损伤容限的新型航空高强Al-Cu-Mg合金.采用高功率光纤激光器焊接1.6 mm厚2524铝合金,研究了填充5087焊丝情况下,激光功率、焊接速度和填丝速度对焊缝成形、热裂纹倾向和焊缝显微组织的影响,优化焊接工艺参数,考察接头静态拉伸性能.结果表明,采用填充材料后,焊缝柱状枝晶生长方向性明显减小、晶粒细化、晶界共晶增多、热裂纹倾向降低.当激光功率为2.5 kW,焊接速度为2 m/min,填丝速度为2 m/min时,可获得成形良好、无缺陷的焊缝,接头抗拉强度达到313~324 MPa,拉伸断裂于接头熔合线附近,断口处有大量韧窝,呈韧性断裂特征.     

窄间隙热丝TIG焊接工艺研究及缺陷分析

研究了Polysoude窄间隙热丝TIG焊接系统的焊接工艺,分析焊缝产生缺陷的原因。通过对焊接电流、电弧电压、送丝速度、焊接速度、热丝电流等参数的优化分析,得到一组相互匹配的最优参数组合。试验结果表明,采用优化后的工艺参数对大口径无缝钢管进行焊接,可以获得焊缝表面形貌美观、内部无缺陷的优质焊接接头。     

激光+双丝脉冲MIG/MAG复合焊系统及工艺开发

为了对激光+双丝脉冲MIG/MAG复合焊工艺及理论进行研究,构建了激光+双丝脉冲MIG/MAG复合焊系统,双电弧的电源各自独立,电源的脉冲控制方式为推挽式.利用该系统进行焊接工艺试验,在焊接过程中,同步采集双路焊接电流、电弧电压信号,并进行高速摄像.结果表明,所构建的激光+双丝脉冲MIG/MAG复合焊系统能够进行稳定焊接,焊缝成形美观,且加入激光后,激光对电压的影响较明显,电压信号的稳定性增强.     

Arc heating hot wire assisted arc welding technique for low resistance welding wire

Abstract

An assistant arc was used to preheat the wire for hot wire tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding which was independent on the resistance of the welding wires and avoided the drawbacks of the traditional hot wire preheating method. The new method is suitable for low resistance wire such as copper and aluminium. The experimental results showed that the wire temperature varied linearly with preheating current and hyperbolically with wire feeding speed. The temperature of wires achieved 60% of their melting points when LF6, H90, HS201 and H08Mn2Si welding wires were used at a current less than 50 A. With arc assisted hot wire, the welding deposition efficiency of the HS201 wire was increased by 96% compared with the traditional TIG welding method, while its microstructure was similar to that of the cold wire welding.     

吐丝温度对高强度冷镦钢B7盘条组织性能的影响

高强度冷镦钢B7热轧盘条主要用于制作耐热耐冷螺杆类标准件,对其组织性能要求严格。为此,对不同试制工艺方案(主要是吐丝温度不同)下B7盘条的组织性能进行了研究。结果表明,吐丝温度从920 ℃逐步降至850 ℃时,盘条总脱碳层深度呈降低的趋势;盘条屈服强度、1/2半径处硬度也呈降低的趋势。吐丝温度控制在850 ℃时,盘条边缘和心部的铁素体、珠光体含量最大,马氏体及贝氏体含量大大减少,盘条粗拔性能可得到显著改善,使模具损耗降低10.6%,降低了下游企业的生产成本。