Microstructure and mechanical properties of a basal textured AZ31 magnesium alloy cryorolled at liquid-nitrogen temperature

A strongly basal textured AZ31 magnesium alloy were cryorolled at liquid-nitrogen temperature at various strains. The microstructure and texture of the rolled sheets have been investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction. The microstructural and textural evolutions of the AZ31 magnesium alloy during cryorolling have been discussed. A lot of twins were observed in the rolled sheets. The influence of strain on the twin types and variant selection during cryorolling for the magnesium alloy has been discussed quantitatively based on the orientation data collected using EBSD. The influence of the twins on the microstructural and textural evolutions for the AZ31 magnesium alloy during cryorolling has also been discussed. The mechanical properties of the cryorolled sheets were tested by uniaxial tensile tests at the ambient temperature with a strain rate 10^-3s^-1 in the tensile direction respectively along the rolling and transverse directions of the rolled sheets. The relationships between the mechanical properties and microstructure of the cryorolled sheets have been discussed in the present work. The active twinning during rolling at that cryogenic temperature has been found to play an important role in influencing the microstructure, texture, as well as the mechanical properties of the AZ31 magnesium alloy.     

Influence of rolling ways on microstructure and anisotropy of AZ31 alloy sheet

Two rolling ways,unidirectional rolling and cross rolling,were carried out on twin roll cast AZ31 alloy sheet to study the influence of strain path change on the evolution of the rolling microstructure and texture as well as the anisotropic properties of AZ31 alloy sheet with microscopy,X-ray diffraction technique and tensile tests.It is found that cross rolling gives rise to more uniform microstructure and stronger texture intensities compared with unidirectional rolling.The differences in the microstructure and texture intensities are reflected in the anisotropy characterized by the difference in the yield stress and the fracture elongation that were measured along directions in the rolling plane at angles of 0■,45■and 90■from the rolling direction.     

Effect of vertical rolling at various temperatures on subsequent multi-pass severe rolling of AZ31B alloy sheet

AZ31B alloy was subjected to vertical rolling at various temperatures prior to multi-pass severe rolling processing including initial rolling including one 80% reduction pass and finish rolling at 300 °C and 350 °C, respectively. The depth and number of edge crack, microstructure evolution and tensile properties were examined. The results indicate that pre-vertical rolling at low temperature before severe rolling can significantly restrain edge crack, change relative frequency distribution of edge-crack depth, increase microstructure homogeneity and sharply change the intensity and distribution of basal texture of initial-rolled sheets. The level of edge crack increases with increased vertical rolling temperature above 100 °C mostly due to the combination of shear band density, microstructure homogeneity, grain size and texture of rolled sheets. Compared with conventional rolling, the effect of vertical rolling on final mechanical properties depends on the finish rolling temperature due to the combination of shear bands, twins and grain size. The variation trend of mechanical properties with increased vertical rolling temperature is also sensitive to finish rolling temperature. For as-rolled sheets, the severe rolling route with vertical rolling at 100 °C and finish rolling at 300 °C should be required.     

异步轧制对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对不同轧制温度、道次压下量以及轧制路径等工艺条件下所制备的AZ31镁合金板材的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明,当温度由623K升到723K时,晶粒发生长大,孪晶消失,板材的抗拉强度由275MPa降到250MPa,伸长率则由14.5%增加到18%;当道次压下量从5%增加到20%时,晶粒逐渐得到细化,板材的抗拉强度由道次压下量为5%时的265MPa增加到20%时的300MPa,伸长率则由18%降到15%;轧制路径的改变,使不同板材中孪晶的数量产生改变,路径A中的孪晶较多,伸长率较低,强度较高,路径D中的孪晶较少,伸长率较高,强度较低。     

异步轧制对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对不同轧制温度、道次压下量以及轧制路径等工艺条件下所制备的AZ31镁合金板材的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明．当温度由623K升到723K时，晶粒发生长大，孪晶消失，板材的抗拉强度由275MPa降到250MPa，伸长率则由14．5％增加到18％；当道次压下量从5％增加到20％时，晶粒逐渐得到细化，板材的抗拉强度由道次压下量为5％时的265MPa增加到20％时的300MPa，伸长率则由18％降到15％；轧制路径的改变，使不同板材中孪晶的数量产生改变，路径A中的孪晶较多，伸长率较低，强度较高，路径D中的孪晶较少，伸长率较高．强度较低。     

Influence of different rolling routes on mechanical anisotropy and formability of commercially pure titanium sheet

Influence of three different rolling routes on mechanical anisotropy and formability of commercially pure titanium sheet was investigated. Route A and Route B are unidirectional rolling (UR) where the rolling direction is along initial rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD), respectively. Route C is cross rolling (CR) where the rolling direction is changed by 90° after each rolling pass. The microstructure and texture, tensile mechanical properties including strength and elongation, and also the anisotropy of the UR and CR sheets were investigated at room temperature. The XRD results indicate that the texture intensity of rolled samples gradually weakens from Route A to Route C. Compared with Route A and Route B rolled samples, the Route C rolled samples show a smaller planar anisotropy. The deep drawing tests reveal that cross rolling can avoid the occurrence of earing. Erichsen tests indicate that rolling routes have an effect on stretch formability of pure titanium sheet.     

Microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy during rolling

The production of magnesium alloy sheets normally involves several processing stages including hot rolling,cold rolling and intermediate annealing.The microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets in different processing states were investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique.It is found that the microstructure of hot-rolled sheets is dominated by recrystallized equiaxed grains,while that of cold-rolled sheets is dominated by deformation twins.With final annea...     

轧制工艺对AZ31B镁合金薄板组织与性能的影响

研究了轧制温度和轧制速度对AZ31B镁合金薄板微观组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,轧辊加热有利于镁合金薄板成型;AZ31B镁合金在低温或低速轧制时薄板纵向组织为大量的切变带,切变带区域包含大量孪晶组织,横向组织为含极少量孪晶的等轴晶组织;在轧制温度为400℃和轧制速度为16m/min轧制时,由于动态再结晶,横纵截面组织均为等轴晶。AZ31镁合金薄板的最佳轧制制度为轧辊温度为70℃、轧制温度为400℃、轧制速度为6m/min,此工艺轧制的薄板横向抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为350MPa、300MPa和12%,纵向为345MPa、290MPa和11.2%,纵向与横向性能差别明显减小。     

同步和异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材的织构及力学性能

采用同步轧制(NR)和异步轧制(AR)工艺对AZ31镁合金挤压板材进行了轧制,研究了轧制过程中组织和织构的演化,以及总压下量和异步比对轧材组织、织构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在压下量为3%～15%的范围内,同步轧制与异步轧制板材在晶粒尺寸以及均匀性上有相似的变化趋势。轧制过程中,在变形初期,随压下量的增加,孪晶数量不断增加,孪晶使同步轧制与异步轧制板材中晶粒取向都发生偏转,即C轴趋向于垂直于法向(ND),从而使初始挤压板材的丝织构强度减弱;而当压下量达到24%时,孪晶大量减少或消失。在压下量为3%～24%的范围内,同步轧制对板材力学性能的影响并不明显,峰值应变呈交替变化;异步轧制板材在压下量达到24%左右时,表现出了良好的塑性变形能力,抗拉强度达到309MPa,峰值应变达到0.163。     

Effect of deformation mode,dynamic recrystallization and twinning on rolling texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloys

In order to obtain quantitative relationship between (0002) texture intensity and hot rolling conditions, conventional rolling experiments on AZ31 magnesium alloys were performed with 20%–40% reductions and temperatures within the range of 300–500 °C. Shear strain and equivalent strain distributions along the thickness of the rolled sheets were calculated experimentally using embedded pin in a rolling sheet. Rolling microstructures and textures in the sheet surface and center layers of the AZ31 alloys were measured by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). Effects of the rolling strain, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and twinning on the texture evolution of the AZ31 alloys were investigated quantitatively. It is found that the highest (0002) basal texture intensities are obtained at a starting rolling temperature of 400 °C under the same strain. Strain–temperature dependency of the (0002) texture intensity of the AZ31 alloy is derived.     

脉冲电流轧制对AZ31镁合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

对比研究脉冲电流轧制工艺与温轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材的力学性能、织构、微观组织与沉淀相等方面的影响。结果表明：脉冲电流具有促进冷轧AZ31镁合金低温再结晶能力的作用。脉冲电流轧制后的镁合金板材组织由细小的等轴再结晶粒与析出相构成,没有发现孪晶组织,并且完全再结晶,原始晶粒均被细小的再结晶晶粒取代,再结晶晶粒内的位错密度低。而温轧镁合金组织则由稍拉长变形孪晶、粗大的再结晶晶粒和析出相构成,再结晶的晶粒内位错密度高。两种轧制方式下的镁合金析出相均为Mg17Al12。脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的织构具有典型基面织构的特征,而脉冲电流轧制镁合金的织构则出现横向偏转;脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的屈服强度与伸长率均比温轧镁合金的大,但抗拉强度正好相反。     

AZ31镁合金轧制板材退火后的组织与力学性能

采用单向轧制和交叉轧制工艺分别进行了AZ31镁合金板材轧制实验,分析了轧制板材经退火处理后的组织与力学性能。结果表明:采用单向轧制工艺,当板材最终变形量相等时,经退火处理后的板材大压下量比小压下量得到的微观组织更为细小;交叉轧制得到轧制板材可以缓解镁合金轧制板材在室温下的各向异性,其微观组织较单向轧制均匀,具有更好的冲压成形性能;交叉轧制和单向轧制两种工艺得到的板材微观组织细化效果相似。     

����AZ31þ�Ͻ𱡰����³�������

针对AZ31镁合金板材室温冲压成形较差的特点,采用在不同轧制温度下获得的镁合金板材对其进行拉伸、埃里克森和锥杯试验,并通过光学电镜和X射线衍射仪对其显微组织、织构和成形性能等进行研究.结果表明,AZ31镁合金板材的综合力学性能不仅与晶粒尺寸有关,还与晶粒取向有关;基面织构的减弱可明显提高板材的胀形性能,在基面织构强度相似的强况下,晶粒大小对板材的成形性能起决定性影响.     

AZ91D镁合金板材电脉冲轧制工艺研究

利用自主研发的电脉冲轧制设备,对AZ91D镁合金板材进行了电脉冲轧制实验,证明了AZ91D镁合金具有一定的可轧性,并获得了合适的工艺参数。对高能电脉冲和轧制力共同作用下AZ91板材变形量、力学性能及微观组织的变化机理进行了分析,并与常规轧制进行了比较。结果表明,由于电塑性效应的影响,与常规轧制相比,道次累计变形量达到了40%,显微组织变化明显,晶粒明显细化,晶粒和晶界明显拉长,抗拉强度等力学性能有显著提高。     

等通道角轧制对汽车车身用轻质镁合金板微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用等通道角轧制工艺(ECAR)对AZ31镁合金板进行轧制变形,结合光学显微镜、EBSD、杯突实验机和拉伸实验机等检测方法,研究了不同ECAR工艺对镁合金板微观组织及力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,AZ31镁合金板经ECAR工艺处理后,板材的平均晶粒尺寸出现下降,且板材的基面织构出现了明显地降低,由母材的8.187降低为4.537。此外,镁合金板材的综合性能得到显著提高,板材的杯突值由母材的2.72 mm增加到4.22 mm,n值由母材的0.27增加到0.46,抗拉强度由母材的275 MPa增加到294 MPa。综上所述,等通道角轧制工艺可以有效细化镁合金板材的微观组织,提高镁合金板材的综合力学性能。     

热轧变形对AZ40Mg合金晶粒细化与力学性能的影响(英文)

以热挤压材为坯料,经多道次热轧制备AZ40Mg合金板材。研究热轧变形对合金组织、力学性能与断裂行为的影响。结果表明:随着热轧道次的增加,通过动态再结晶,材料的组织均匀性得到逐步改善,晶粒尺寸持续细化。相应地,热轧板材的力学性能与挤压态坯料相比得到显著改善。经过5道次以上热轧制备的AZ40Mg合金板材,其平均晶粒尺寸细化到10μm以下,轧向及横向的室温拉伸屈服强度与伸长率均可分别达到175MPa和20%以上。     

加热温度对AZ31镁合金薄板组织性能的影响

通过对AZ31镁合金板带在不同加热温度的轧制过程观察，测量了不同轧制温度下板带的力学性能，并对其组织进行了分析。分析结果表明，轧制变形使板带晶粒细化，抗拉强度增加，伸长率降低；随着加热温度的升高，发生部分再结晶行为，AZ31镁合金板带的抗拉强度略有下降，屈服强度下降，伸长率提高，晶粒细化。     

轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

在250 ℃对轧制-热处理态ZK60镁合金板材进行9道次不同路径的轧制试验。采用光学显微镜、电子万能试验机、SEM、XRD等研究了轧制试验后ZK60镁合金的显微组织、室温拉伸性能、断口形貌及晶粒择优取向。结果表明:轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材的晶粒尺寸变化无明显影响,但压下量对镁合金组织内的孪晶变化有很大影响;轧制路径的变化对ZK60镁合金板材的各向异性和力学性能有较大影响,在交叉+45°的路径下轧制后ZK60镁合金板材,各向异性较弱,具有良好的综合力学性能和轧制成形能力,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到244.31 MPa、371.14 MPa和25.46%;交叉+45°路径轧制对ZK60镁合金的晶粒择优取向有明显影响,能够改善镁合金板材的晶粒择优取向和各向异性,提高ZK60镁合金的力学性能。     

The Microstructure,Texture and Mechanical Properties of the Rolled Al/Mg/Al Clad Sheets

Two types of three-layered Al/Mg/Al clad sheets were fabricated by hot rolling. The first (sheet A) underwent a single pass with a small rolling reduction of 33% and the second (sheet B) underwent four passes with a large rolling reduction of 71%, and both were subsequently annealed at 200 °C for 1 h. Microstructural examination and tensile tests on the fabricated sheets revealed that 17.8-μm-thick intermetallic compound layers (IMCLs) appeared at AZ31/5052 interfaces in sheet B while none were observed in sheet A. The AZ31 layers in sheets A and B exhibited basal textures with intensities of 15.1 and 9.8, respectively, and only sheet A exhibited tensile twins (TTs) in the AZ31 layer. Recrystallization resulting in grains was preferred near the AZ31/5052 interface and the intersections between TTs. Owing to its larger rolling reduction, more extensive recrystallization was observed in the sheet B component layers than in sheet A. Sheet B exhibited better mechanical properties with a much higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) than sheet A (230 versus 102 MPa) and a slightly larger elongation (19 versus 17%).This indicates that texture intensities and the extent of recrystallization of component layers have a significant effect upon the mechanical properties of clad sheets.     

铁素体区轧制工艺在半连续轧机上的应用研究

对比了铁素体区轧制工艺和常规轧制工艺产品力学性能、微观组织和表面质量。分析了生产中粗轧温度、终轧温度、卷取温度、退火温度及轧制润滑控制等对产品组织性能的影响。提出了铁素体区轧制工艺的控制要点,退火后产品可获得更有利的{111}织构,进而获得更优异的屈强比和塑性应变比。