二氧化钛纳米粉体的可控水热合成研究

采用TiCl_4为原料,用水热法合成了二氧化钛纳米粉体,讨论了水热反应条件对二氧化钛粉体结构和微观形貌的影响.结果表明:在0.5～1.0 mol/L TiCl_4, 130～190 ℃, 3～9 h的水热条件下,合成的TiO_2纳米粉体属于金红石相;TiO_2的形貌和尺寸与原料浓度、反应时间和反应温度密切相关,随着原料浓度的增加、反应温度的升高以及反应时间的延长,TiO_2形貌由球形纳米粒子向纳米棒转变,其尺寸也随之增大.     

Eu^2＋在Sr4Al14O25基磷光体中能量传递行为的研究

合成了3种不同Eu掺杂量的Sr4Al14O25，Dy^3 发光粉体，发现当Eu掺杂量低于0．012mol时，发射光谱中存在2个主发射峰，分别位于407nm和494nm。随着Eu掺杂浓度增加，407nm发射峰逐渐消失，而494nm主发射峰增强。结合Sr4Al14O25，晶体结构和激发．发射光谱，建立了2种Eu发光中心之间的能量传递模型，对实验现象进行了合理的解释。余辉衰减曲线测试结果表明，3种磷光体试样均具有长余辉性能，尤其Sr4Al14O25：Eu0.0l2，Dy0.024试样，其余辉时间在人眼可视亮度水平可持续20h以上。     

Synthesis of potassium hexatitanate whiskers using hydrothermal method

High quality potassium hexatitanate whiskers were hydrothermally synthesized in one step under moderate temperature and pressure condi-tions. Effects of the titanium source and reaction conditions on the hydrothermal reaction rate, product phase component, and morphology of whiskers were investigated. The results show that the reactivity of hydrated titania, anatase TiO2, and rutile TiO2 with KOH decreases in turn, and with hydrated titania as titanium source, it is difficult to obtain potassium hexatitanate whiskers with good morphology. In contrast, uni-form potassium hexatitanate whiskers with a length of 10-20 μm and a diameter of 200-700 nm were obtained using anatase TiO2 as titanium source. The investigation demonstrates that the initial KOH concentration, annealing temperature and time, molar ratio of K2O/TiO2, etc. sig-nificantly affect the morphology of the as-synthesized whiskers. The optimized synthesis condition is as follows: anatase as a titanium source; 10 wt.% KOH solution; annealing temperature and time of 300℃ and 5 h, respectively; K2O/TiO2 molar ratio orS, etc. A rhombic potassium hexatitanate was prepared under the optimum condition and the whisker grew along the [110] direction. The reaction mechanism was dis-cussed.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites from natural stellerite

Y and P zeolites were synthesized hydrothermaUy from natural stellerite under different conditions and were characterized via XRD and FT-IR. The results show that the higher crystaUinity of Y zeolite can be obtained in hydrothermal systesn with low alkalinity, low Ca^2 /Na^ ratio, and high SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. The lattice space of the samples decreases as crystallization time increases. P Zeolite is prompted under condition of higher alkalinity and higher Ca^2 /Na^ ratio. The intensity and number of bands in the range of 400 cm^-1～ 900cm^-1 increases with reaction time. Bands at 680cm^-1, 760cm^-1 and 860 cm^-1 corresponding to Y zeolite appear during the crystallization stage. Most of these bands shift to higher wavenumbers when SiO2/Al2O3 ratio increases generally. In the hydrothermal systesn with reverse condition above, bands at 600cm^-1, 420cm^-1～470cm^-1 hardly change as the crystallization time increases and the main crystal phase of P zeolite is obtained.     

In-situ synthesized (Al_3Zr+Al_2O_3)_p /A356 composites by direct melt reaction in Al-Zr-O system

1　INTRODUCTIONRecently ,muchattentionhasbeen paidtothedevelopmentofeffectivefabricationprocessesforpar ticulatereinforcedmetalmatrixcomposites (PRMM Cs) [13] .However,metalmatricesreinforcedwithparticlesformedinsituareanemerginggroupofdis continuouslyreinforcedcompositesthathavedistinctadvantagesovertheconventionalcomposites[4 ,5] .Inthein situfabricationprocess ,thespontaneousreac tionbetweenthereactantsisutilizedtosynthesizethereinforcementsinthemetalmatrix .Especially ,thedirectmelt…     

电石渣热处理条件对合成超轻硬硅钙石的影响

采用DTA/TG研究了电石渣的热处理性能,采用XRD及SEM等检测手段,研究了经不同温度煅烧后电石渣的矿物组成、形貌以及热处理条件对石灰活性及合成硬硅钙石的影响。结果表明,电石渣经适当煅烧处理后可以作为钙质原料制备超轻硬硅钙石。不同电石渣煅烧温度对合成产物的晶相组成没有影响,但对石灰活性及合成产物的微观形貌有较大的影响。700、800℃煅烧电石渣制备的石灰乳活性大,合成得到的硬硅钙石粒子球形度完整;而900、1000℃煅烧电石渣制备的石灰乳活性小,合成得到的硬硅钙石球形粒子直径小,且倾向于紧密团聚。     

Al2O3对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O系微晶玻璃结构与性能的影响

利用烧结法工艺制备CaO—Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O系微晶玻璃，通过DTA、XRD、IR和SEM等分析手段，系统研究Al2O3对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O系微晶玻璃的结晶温度、晶体结构以及性能的影响。研究表明：随着Al2O3质量分数升高，初始析晶温度升高，晶体尺寸增大、析晶率升高，微晶玻璃的表观体积密度、显微硬度和抗折强度呈先增加后降低的趋势。在本实验条件下，最佳的Al2O3质量分数为11．77％。     

加水方式对溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化铝粉体形貌的影响

以异丙醇铝为主要原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化铝粉体。利用TG/DTA、XRD、TEM等测试手段研究醇铝水解时不同的加水方式对纳米氧化铝粉体的形成过程和显微结构的影响。结果表明,加水方式影响着醇铝水解产物的晶态和形貌,进而影响着最终产物纳米氧化铝粒子的形貌。采用喷水方式加水得到的水解产物为团絮状的非晶体,采用喷雾加水方式得到的醇铝水解产物针状的勃姆石AlOOH。分析认为这主要是由于加水方式影响着溶液的过饱和度,从而影响着晶核的形成。先驱体的结构影响着氧化铝粉体的结构,团絮状的非晶体煅烧后获得球状氧化铝粉体,针状的水解产物煅烧后形成了片状γ-Al2O3粉体。     

铝热还原法合成TiN／刚玉复合陶瓷的研究

以金属铝粉和钛白粉为原料，在流动氮气和匣钵埋碳保护气氛下采用铝热还原氮化法制备了TiN／刚玉复合陶瓷。采用XRD-SEM和TEM等分析手段，研究了铝热还原氮化法制备TiN／刚玉复合陶瓷在不同气氛和温度下的物相组成、晶格常数、显微结构。研究结果表明：在流动氮气和埋碳气氛下铝热还原法均可以制备TiN／刚玉复合陶瓷；处理温度和气氛明显影响着铝热反应的程度及产物的形貌，在埋碳条件下处理后的产物中TiN含量、晶粒大小、晶格常数明显低于流动氮气氛下处理产物中上述各项值。热力学计算发现埋碳条件下铝除参与铝热还原反应外，还与碳粉床中氧发生反应，导致参与铝热反应的金属铝不足，造成产物中有剩余的金红石存在。     

基于最小Gibbs自由能原理的CaO-SiO2炉渣和Si-Ca金属两相体系平衡热力学模型

基于封闭平衡体系Gibbs自由能最小原理对精炼Si液中杂质Ca的炉渣金属体系建立热力学模型,由该热力学模型得到Si液中Ca的摩尔分数xCa与CaO-SiO2二元渣系CaO的摩尔分数xCaO的关系和文献报道的实验结果吻合良好,即0.3相似文献   

Al2O3的W金属化及其与Nb的Pd钎焊研究

在考察Al2O3(95%Al2O3瓷和Al2O3单晶)的W-Y2O3金属化工艺的基础上,制备Al2O3单晶/Pd/Nb的高温钎焊接头,分析Al2O3的W-Y2O3金属化和Al2O3 /Nb的Pd钎焊机制.结果表明:在Al2O3基体和金属化层界面附近存在Y元素的偏聚行为,同时伴随着Al含量的下降.这是由于金属化过程中陶瓷/金属化层界面新生固相产物扩散的结果,且其扩散主要为朝金属化层方向.高温钎焊过程中,金属化层中的W元素和金属Nb扩散进入几乎整个Pd焊料层,这使得在Nb/Pd界面附近及焊料层内形成脆性固溶体或金属间化合物,从而导致微裂纹产生.     

KINETICS OF REDUCTION IRON OXIDE IN CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe_tO SLAGS WITH CARBON SATURATED IN MOLTEN IRON

1.IntroductionItisimportanttoinvestigatethekineticsofreductionofironoxideinslagswithcarbonsaturatedinmoltenironforunderstandingboththeslag-metalreactioninthehearthofblastfurnaceandthefinalreductionbehavioursofprereductionironorepelletscontainingcarboninironbathreactor.Theprevious.......h..sll--7]focusedtheirattentionsmainlyonthereductionrateofpureironoxideortheredlltionrateofironoxideinsimpleslags.Thoseresultsarenotconsistentwiththatoftilerealsituation.Throughanalyzinggascompositionattheoutlet…     

分散剂Y2O3对渗铝层的影响

通过改变传统渗剂来研究分散剂（Al2O3，Y2O3）在渗铝过程中的作用和对渗铝层的影响。利用XRD和SEM对渗层相的组成、氧化前后表面形貌进行分析。结果表明：分散剂Y2O3在最初的渗铝过程中参加了渗铝过程，不仅防止铝粉粘结，而且影响渗层相的组成。分散剂为Al2O3时，渗层主要为Al3Ti＋AlTi＋AlTi3相，而分散剂中含有Y2O3时，渗层土要为AlTi3相，这与传统渗铝机理认为分散剂在渗铝过程中不参加渗铝反应相矛盾。同时，分散剂也影响着渗铝层氧化前后的表面形貌及Al2O3的晶格类型。     

Mo(Si_(1-x)Al_x)_2/Al_2O_3复合材料的制备与强韧化

以Mo、Al、Si和Mo O_34种粉末为原料,通过燃烧合成和真空热压烧结工艺原位制备了(Si_(1-x)Al_x)_2/Al_2O_3复合材料,分析了其燃烧模式、产物相结构、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:添加Al之后坯体的燃烧合成反应更加剧烈,燃烧模式由螺旋模式转入混沌模式。随着合金化Al含量的增加,基体相结构由C11_b型Mo Si_2转变为C40型Mo(Si,Al)_2,并且在所有复合材料中都可以鉴别出Al_2O_3衍射峰,表明通过燃烧合成技术原位制备了Mo(Si_(1-x)Al_x)_2/Al_2O_3复合材料。复合材料的断裂韧性和抗弯强度最高分别达到4.25 MPa·m~(1/2)和346 MPa,比纯Mo Si_2提高了39%和60%。复合材料的强韧化机制主要有Al合金化强韧化、Al_2O_3第二相颗粒弥散强韧化、玻璃相的消除以及断裂方式的转变。     

Microstructure characterization of reinforcements in in-situ synthesized composites of Al-Zr-O system

A novel in-situ reaction system Al-Zr-O was developed. In-situ Al3Zr and Al2O3 particulates reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by the direct melt reaction technique in the Al-Zr-O system. Microstructures of the composites and crystal morphology of in-situ formed Al3Zr and Al2O3 particulates were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results indicate that in-situ formed Al3 Zr and Al2O3 particles are finer and well distributed in aluminum matrix. Al3Zr particulates with a tetragonal structure are mainly in the shape of polyhedron. A few of them are in the form of rectangle. The length/width ratio of the rectangular Al3Zr is less than 2.0 and the maximum size is 2μm. In addition, a certain number of Al2O3 submicro particles with a hexagonal structure are also generated in this system. Furthermore, it is found that Al3Zr crystal grows by the mechanism of twinning. The twin plane is (114). The twinning direction is [221]. The tensile tests show that the composites synthesized in the Al-Zr-O system exhibits high strength and ductility. There are a lot of ripples with fine particles on the fracture. The principal strengthening mechanisms for (Al3Zr Al2O3 )p/Al composites may include Orowan strengthening, grain-refining strengthening, solid-solution strengthening and dislocation strengthening.     

Calculating models of mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary system and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary system

Thermodynamic models of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions were developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory at 298.15 K. A transformation coefficient is needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity because they are obtained at different standard states and concentration units. The results show that the transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions change in a very narrow range. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary system are in good agreement with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of RbCl and RbNO3 in RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities, aRbCl and , with different total ionic strengths as 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.5 mol/kg, respectively. All those results mean the developed thermodynamic model of strong electrolyte aqueous solutions can reflect structural characteristics of RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions and the mass action concentration also strictly follows the mass action law.     

(ZrB_2+Al_2O_3+Al_3Zr)_p/A356复合材料的原位直接反应法制备及微观组织(英文)

采用A356-(K2ZrF6+KBF4+Na2B4O7)作为熔体直接反应体系制备(ZrB2+Al2O3+Al3Zr)/A356复合材料。利用XRD、SEM和TEM等测试技术研究复合材料的相组成和微观组织。结果表明,复合材料增强相由ZrB2和Al2O3陶瓷相颗粒和Al3Zr金属间化合物相颗粒组成。ZrB2颗粒易团聚形成颗粒团簇并沿α(Al)合金晶界分布;ZrB2颗粒的微观形貌为六边形,尺寸在50nm左右。TEM研究发现,Al3Zr颗粒以小面形式生长,其长径比约为20;Al2O3颗粒形貌为长方体状和椭圆状,尺寸约为0.1μm。此外,基体与颗粒的相界面干净,无界面反应物生成。     

Preparation of Al2-xYxW3O12 powders by citrate sol-gel process

Al2-xYxW3O12 （x=0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.7 and 2.0） powders were synthesized by citrate sol-gel process. The concentration of species in a citric solution for preparing Al2-xYxW3O12 powders was calculated. The powders were characterized by differential thermal analysis（DTA）, thermogravimetry（TG）, X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, respectively. No solid solution of Al2-xYxW3O12 is formed with x values varying from 0 to 2.0. The maximum solid solubility of Y2O3 in Al2W3O12 and Al2O3 in Y2W3O12 is less than 0.5. Y2W3O12 easily absorbs water in air and forms a composition of Y2W3O12·3.2H2O, and Al2W3O12 forms Al2W3O12·0.17H2O in the same condition.     

Cr-Al(Cr)2O3金属陶瓷的燃烧合成与致密化

采用燃烧合成法，通过调整反应体系成分并控制凝固过程，成功制备了金属Cr相分布均匀、尺寸可达亚微米级的Cr-Al(Cr)2O3金属陶瓷．研究了聚合物及体系成分对金属陶瓷微观组织和燃烧合成过程的影响．结果表明，添加聚合物显著降低了Al-Cr2O3-A12O3体系的引燃温度，缩短了引燃时间，并改善了Cr颗粒在陶瓷基体上的分布均匀性．加入稀释剂Al2O3以及Cr2O3过量可细化Cr颗粒，使Al2O3基体变为Al2O3和Al(Cr)2O3．对燃烧合成熔体施加较低的压力，获得了致密的Cr-Al(Cr)2O3金属陶瓷，解决了燃烧合成致密化的问题．     

电解液中甲酰胺浓度对阳极氧化制备TiO_2纳米管阵列形貌和光催化性能的影响

分别以0.5%HF水溶液(A)、0.3 mol/L NH4F+70%H2O+30%甲酰胺(体积分数)(B)、0.3 mol/L NH4F+30%H2O+70%甲酰胺(体积分数)(C)和0.3 mol/L NH4F+3%H2O+97%甲酰胺溶液电解液(体积分数)(D)作为电解液,对比研究甲酰胺含量对电化学阳极氧化TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌、结构和光催化性能的影响。结果表明:TiO2纳米管阵列长度随甲酰胺含量的增加而增加;水基电解液A中制备的纳米管长度、壁厚和管径分别约为600、20和100 nm,且分布不均匀;甲酰胺基电解液D中制备的纳米管长度、壁厚和管径分别约为10μm、5 nm和60 nm,且管径分布均匀;样品在O2中经450℃退火2 h后,发现甲酰胺基电解液A中制备的TiO2纳米管为单相锐钛矿结构,其它样品则为复合锐钛矿相和金红石相结构。光催化降解甲基橙的结果表明:随着TiO2纳米管阵列的厚度增加及管壁减小,紫外光光催化效率明显提高。