冬季浇筑混凝土宜使用无氯盐防冻剂

季节性冻融是影响施工的关键因素，人们为降低冰点常在混凝土中掺入氯盐。然而，氯盐（Ｃｌ）一旦进入混凝土中，会引起钢筋锈蚀，洒盐除冰雪会引起道路和桥梁的破坏，定危害已引起许多国家的重视，并作出限制性措施。文中对Ｃｌ腐蚀的机理作了浅析，并对含量要求的重要性予以说明。对已腐蚀的结构修复加固的方法措施和新研制的阻锈材料使用方法进行浅要探讨。     

一种含醇的新型酸洗缓蚀剂

采用电化学方法、失重法研究和评价了一种新型含醇盐酸酸洗缓蚀剂TL-3，并与同类型缓蚀剂进行比较。结果表明，缓蚀剂TL-3在较短酸洗时间内，较少的添加量即可达到最佳酸洗效果，可显著减少盐酸酸洗后热轧钢板表面残留氯离子的量，显著提高热轧酸洗板耐大气腐蚀性能，是一种性能优良的盐酸酸洗缓蚀剂。还探讨了缓蚀剂TL-3降低钢板试样残氯量的作用机制。     

混凝土保护涂层抗氯离子渗透性研究

在NaCl溶液中对混凝土保护涂层进行干/湿循环加速腐蚀实验，用电化学循环极化法和高压渗水法对混凝土保护涂层的防护效果进行了研究，并将两种方法研究结果进行对比.结果表明：氯盐环境中，混凝土保护涂层可以有效提高混凝土的抗渗性，降低氯盐对钢筋的腐蚀破坏；循环极化测试法可用于研究钢筋钝化膜的溶解特性和钢筋的锈蚀趋势.      

钢筋混凝土工程防冻剂不应使用氯盐

北方地区刚进入冬季气温在+5℃～-3℃时便应按冬季施工条件,须采取保温或掺入外加剂以降低冰点使混凝土的水化过程能正常进行。最常用方法是掺入氯盐。 钢筋锈蚀影响混凝土耐久性和安全使用已被世人所重视。引起锈蚀被公认为是最主要的。     

热力系统新型停用保护缓蚀剂

通过高压釜试验和电化学极化曲线测试并结合硫酸铜 点滴和水滴评价试验，研究了新型停用缓蚀剂LP对不同钢材及已锈蚀碳钢的停用保护缓蚀性 能和LP的缓蚀作用机理.研究结果表明：LP是一种性能良好的热力设备停用保护缓蚀剂.     

金属切削液对铝合金摩擦和缓蚀性能的影响

通过在基础微乳化液中分别加入不同浓度的添加剂和缓蚀剂的方法,考察了金属切削液对6061合金和7050合金摩擦和缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在基础微乳化液中加入不同浓度的S-830、410-P和LG700添加剂后,摩擦因数和磨损量都有不同程度的降低;在一定浓度范围内,随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加,腐蚀电流密度逐渐降低,缓蚀效率逐渐增大;E9600缓蚀剂是一种阳极型缓蚀剂,JP缓蚀剂是一种阴极型缓蚀剂;电化学腐蚀的测试结果与液相半浸入试验结果保持一致。     

植物性缓蚀剂的初步研究

目前酸洗缓蚀剂品种很多,但尚无以植物作原料者,作者用蓖麻籽,胡椒、烟叶、术质素、大蒜、花椒等作原料配制了复合缓蚀剂。在不同缓蚀剂浓度、介质温度和流速下,对碳钢在5％HCl溶液中的缓蚀效果进行试验,方法为动电位扫描测极化曲线和失重法。测试了缓蚀剂对氢的扩散及Fe~(3+)的抑制作用,与现用的某些高效缓蚀剂作了对比试验。结果表明,筛选出的复合配方植物性缓蚀剂在酸洗温度与流速下,缓蚀率符合要求,对氢扩散及Fe~(3+)均有较好的抑制作用。此类缓蚀剂物源丰富、高效、易溶、无恶臭、无毒。进一步开展研究是具有实际意义的。     

不同配合比混凝土的电化学除氯效果研究

    采用60V稳压电源、饱和氢氧化钙溶液、钛金属网阳极对圆柱体混凝土试件进行连续14天的电化学除氯实验,研究不同配合比混凝土试件的通电量、氯离子排出量和混凝土中残余氯离子含量.结果表明：相同电场作用条件下,水灰比越小,混凝土电化学除氯时通过的电量越少,除氯效果越差;掺入硅灰、矿渣使通过混凝土的电量值明显减少,电化学除氯效果变差;掺粉煤灰混凝土的电化学除氯效果接近甚至高于基准混凝土.因此,针对不同配合比混凝土应采用不同的电化学除氯电压和除氯时间才能达到理想除氯效果.     

铜表面透明防蚀封护剂的研究

采用纳米TiO2、缓蚀剂BTA及助剂等对水性丙烯酸 乳液改性，制成铜和铜合金防蚀封护剂.用电化学交流阻抗法(EIS)，紫外吸收光谱法、盐雾实验、耐化学品、耐水性测试和力学性能测试等，研究其性能的结果表明，该封护剂综合性能优异，对铜合金具有较强的保护能力.纳米TiO2的紫外线特性，有效提高了涂层抗紫外光老化能力.      

苯甲酸吗啉盐气相缓蚀性能的研究

在实验室一步法合成了苯甲酸吗啉盐,针对气相缓蚀剂实际使用状况对其缓蚀性能进行了评价,采用模拟大气腐蚀状态的电化学测试技术对其缓蚀机理进行了研究,结果表明它是一种性能优良,有实用前景的气相缓蚀剂.     

乙醇冷媒液中复配缓蚀剂的研究

通过失重法测定了A3钢、铜、铝在20%乙醇冷媒液中的腐蚀速率和复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果，筛选出不含 NO-2的复配缓蚀剂.该缓蚀剂可以有效减缓碳钢、不锈钢、紫铜和铝合金材料在乙醇冷媒液中的腐蚀，同时提高冷媒液的稳定性，改善其冰点和沸点.     

工业氯化钙防冻液的防腐蚀性能研究

工业氯化钙水溶液作为防冻液有一定的腐蚀性。通过在氯化钙水溶液中添加缓蚀剂及对常用金属的防腐蚀性能研究，确定了该溶液作为防冻液的最佳配方。结果表明，合适的缓蚀剂可使氯化钙溶液防腐蚀性能达到JIS及ASTM标准，并降低了溶液冰点，开拓了应用范围。     

适用于带钢酸洗的盐酸缓蚀剂

提出了一种以乌洛托品、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钠、0P-10乳化剂等为主要成份的盐酸缓蚀剂配方的一种高效复合型缓蚀剂，并研究了缓蚀剂添加量和温度对其缓蚀效果的影响，以及该缓蚀剂对废酸回收的影响.结果表明,该缓蚀剂的缓蚀率可以达到90%以上，控制合适的缓蚀剂添加量对废酸回收不会产生严重影响，适合大型钢板连续酸洗生产线使用.     

Corrosion in potlining refractories: Effect of cathode material interpreted using a unified approach

The corrosion chemistry of aluminosilicate potlining refractories has been studied using a post-mortem approach that considers both metallic sodium and molten bath as the corrosive agents. This article describes the results, which show that the cathode block material has a significant influence on the type of corrosion involved. Cells containing semi-graphitized cathode blocks are more susceptible to the attack of their refractory potlining by the action of the molten bath. The use of amorphous blocks in such cells promotes the corrosion of their potlining refractories mostly by the action of the metallic sodium. For more information, contact C. Allaire, école Polytechnique (CRIQ campus), Department of Engineering Physics and Materials Engineering, 8475 Christophe-Colomb Street, Montréal, QC, H2M 2N9, Canada; claude.allaire@polymtl.ca.     

The corrosion of potlining refractories: A unified approach

The study of corrosion chemistry of aluminosilicate refractories in potlinings has historically focused on a single corrosive agent: either molten sodium fluoride or metallic sodium. Each approach can explain only a fraction of in-field observations. This article presents a unified approach, taking into account the effect of both corrosion agents on aluminosilicates. Along with the model, mathematical tools have been developed to help interpret experimental results as well as to make predictions of in-service behaviors. Those predictions are based on the use of corrosion maps, which vary according to the sodium ratio [R_Na=N_Na(M)/(N_NaF+N_Na(M))], as well as other parameters. Predictions made with the model match almost perfectly with the results obtained in a wide range of corrosion conditions. Depending on the quantity of fluorides that a lining lets percolate and the amount of metallic sodium diffusing, cells can be divided into two distinct groups: wet or dry. This article discusses the wet/dry distinction, including industrial aspects. For more information, contact C. Allaire, CIREP-école Polytechnique, 8475 Christophe-Colomb, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2M 2N9; e-mail claude.allaire@courriel.polymtl.ca.     

基于三元复合络合剂的高磷Ni-P化学镀

针对单一络合剂难以兼顾镀液稳定性、镀速和镀层质量等多重要求,现有复合络合剂或成本过高、或工艺稳定性欠佳等问题,采用柠檬酸钠-乳酸-乙酸钠三元复合络合剂,借助增重法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和材料耐蚀性快速检测专利技术,系统研究了络合剂及还原剂用量、镀液初始pH值及施镀温度对化学镀Ni-P施镀效果的影响,探明镀速、镀层硬度及其P质量分数、镀层腐蚀防护性能随工艺参数的变化规律。结果表明:利用基于三元复合络合剂的镀液,不仅可获得P质量分数最高为18.41%的高磷Ni-P镀层,而且工艺稳定性优异。在适宜的镀液初始pH值区间(4.0~5.5),镀层P质量分数受其它工艺参数的影响甚微,能始终稳定在11.12%~14.52%的高位。典型试样SEM分析表明:镀层表面平整、均匀,结构致密,镀层与基体结合紧密且厚度分布均匀。     

Untersuchungen des Korrosionsverhaltens ausgewählter Wärmeaustauscherwerkstoffe in Natriumacetat‐Trihydrat‐Schmelze für den Anwendungsfall Latentwärmespeichersysteme

Investigations of the corrosion behaviour of special heat exchanging materials in sodium acetate trihydrate melt for the application latent heat storage The development activities in the area of latent heat storage have more and more increased in the last years. The reason is the search for new energy storage systems of higher energy efficiency and the reinforced utilisation of renewable and alternative energies which are often only irregularly available. The special advantage of latent heat storage is the high energy storage density which could be reached at the melting point of selected storage materials and the resulting reduction of required space respectively the nearly constant temperature. An important topic relating to the development of these storage systems was the investigation of the long time stability, especially the corrosion stability. At the same time the heat exchange material has the function to transfer the heat and coldness from a heat transfer medium, e. g. water which has drawn the energy from an external source to the storage material. Among the storage materials the sodium acetate trihydrate (melting point: 58°C) has interesting advantages. In that reason the investigation of the corrosion behaviour and the choose of suitable materials for heat exchangers was an important goal. In the present report important results of the investigation of selected metals at 80°C in sodium acetate trihydrate are described. The corrosion influencing impurities chloride, sulphate and carbonate which could be contained in the much more inexpensive salt hydrate of technical quality were added to the analytically pure sodium acetate trihydrate. Furthermore the addition of graphite (for increasing the heat conductivity) and the contact with air were investigated. Some promising metals of high corrosion resistance are the result of the investigations.     

一种无毒水基防锈剂的研制及其性能

目的研制一种无毒、高效的水基防锈剂。方法以植酸、聚天冬氨酸为主要成分,添加钼酸钠和苯甲酸钠作为助剂,筛选出聚乙二醇和聚乙烯醇作为高分子成膜剂,配制防锈剂。通过单因素实验和正交试验确定防锈剂的最佳配方,并与亚硝酸盐型防锈剂进行防锈效果对比。结果植酸与聚天冬氨酸有较好的复配作用,助剂和高分子成膜剂的存在可有效增强防锈膜的耐蚀性。防锈剂最佳配方为:植酸60 mL/L,聚天冬氨酸25 mL/L,钼酸钠6 g/L,苯甲酸钠22 g/L,聚乙二醇4 g/L,聚乙烯醇5 g/L。该防锈剂成膜后,平均CuSO4点滴时间达75 s,耐盐水浸泡23 h,耐中性盐雾28 h,防锈效果良好。结论无毒型防锈剂的防锈效果与亚硝酸盐型相比,存在一定差距,但其不含有毒物质,值得推广使用。     

粉煤灰与混凝土结构的耐久性

化学侵蚀、碳化腐蚀，钢筋锈蚀，冻融循环，碱集料腐蚀等是影响混凝土耐久性的常见破坏因素，讨论了掺加粉煤灰改善混凝土结构耐久性的作用机理和作用效果。     

The corrosion of vanadium and vanadium-base binary alloys in oxygen-saturated liquid sodium

The corrosion of vanadium and vanadium-base binary alloys, VCr, VAl, VFe, and VMo, in oxygen-saturated sodium was studied. A ternary oxide containing sodium and vanadium was detected in the corrosion product formed on vanadium. The formation rate of the corrosion product followed a linear rate law above 450°C. From examination of alloying additions on the corrosion of vanadium, molybdenum was found to improve considerably the corrosion resistance of vanadium to the liquid sodium. In particular a V50wt%Mo alloy was observed to corrode only very slightly in sodium. The corrosion resistance of the VMo alloys was considered to be caused by molybdenum enrichment of the surface layers as the corrosion proceeded.