多芯MgB_2超导线材的挤压技术及其微观结构研究

为了提高多芯MgB_2超导线材中芯丝相互之间的结合强度和超导芯丝的致密度,将传统的热挤压技术引入到MgB_2线材制备过程中。采用挤压工艺制备180芯导体结构的多芯MgB_2/Nb/Cu超导线材,Φ64mm的复合包套通过单道次挤压工艺加工到Φ20 mm。挤压后的线材通过冷拉拔和中间退火热处理最终加工到Φ0.81 mm。对加工不同阶段的复合线材进行了微观结构分析,发现多芯线材中MgB_2超导芯丝分布良好,Nb阻隔层厚度分布较为均匀,无破损现象。通过该工艺已成功制备出百米量级长度的多芯MgB_2超导线材。该技术为MgB_2超导长线的制备提供了新途径。     

First-principles Study on Structure and Hardness of the RuB2

采用原位法粉末装管工艺( in-situ PIT)制备了无定形碳掺杂MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线材并研究了该掺杂对MgB2微观结构及超导电性的影响.复合线材中以Nb作为阻隔层、Cu作为稳定体并采用冷拉拔工艺进行加工.研究了无定形碳掺杂对MgB2相形成、微观结构及超导电性的影响,其中掺杂量分别为MgB2-xCx(x=0.0,0.05,0.08,0.10,0.15).分别采用XRD、SQUID、SEM/EDS及传输电流测试等方法对MgB2/Nb/Cu线材进行分析测试.XRD分析结果显示,700℃热处理后的线材可以获得纯度较高的MgB2超导相;微观结果照片显示无定形碳掺杂后可以获得良好的晶粒连接性;能谱分析表明掺杂物C元素均匀的分布在MgB2基体中;通过四引线法测试了传输临界电流密度Jc,在4.2 K、5T,其Jc值高达1.4×105 A/cm2;在4.2K、10T,其Jc值为3.3×104A/cm2.     

尺寸变化对Cu-Nb-Cu多芯复合线材微观结构及性能影响

采用集束拉拔技术制备出高强高导Nb管增强Cu-Nb多芯复合线材,样品直径为Φ2.5 mm时,强度接近1.1 GPa,导电率达到74%IACS。选取不同尺寸线径(Φ3.0 mm、Φ2.7 mm、Φ2.5 mm)的复合线材,通过场发射扫描电镜测试手段表征了不同尺寸线材的芯丝形貌、Cu-Nb界面的微观结构,探讨了多尺寸条件下芯丝和界面微观组织的演变规律及特性,最后结合σ-ε曲线图和R-T曲线图,详细分析了尺寸变化所引起线材性能的演变机理。     

19芯MgB2/NbCu/Monel超导线材的制备及性能研究

为了提高多芯MgB₂超导线材的强度并避免加工过程中的断芯、断线现象,实验中采用强度较高的梦乃尔合金(Monel 400)作为外包套材料,以原位法粉末装管工艺(in situ PIT)制备了19芯导体结构的多芯MgB₂超导线材。二次集束组装后的多芯复合线材通过拉拔、轧制和中间退火热处理相结合的方法从Φ25 mm加工到Φ1.0 mm。对加工过程不同阶段的多芯复合线材进行了微观结构分析,发现多芯线材中MgB₂芯丝分布较为规整,Nb阻隔层表面较为光滑,未出现明显破损现象。最终Φ1.0 mm的多芯线材中MgB₂超导芯丝的平均直径约为100 μm。热处理后MgB₂线材的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到396 MPa和200 MPa。MgB₂线材的临界电流密度在4.2 K、4 T时达到1.23×10₅ A.cm_-2。     

轧制与拉伸对NbTiTa/Cu多芯复合线超导性能的影响

利用Nb47Ti和Ta片作为原料,经过3次挤压并结合拉伸和轧制2种不同工艺,通过时效热处理制备出了NbTiTa/Cu超导线材.通过标准四引线法测量了2种线材在4.2 K下的超导性能.结果表明,采用拉伸法制备的NbTiTa线材具有更高的临界电流密度,φ1.0 mm的超导线材Jc在4.2 K、8 T下,超导性能达到791 A/mm2.通过对线材的微观组织观察表明:在相同条件下,采用拉伸后的试样芯径大小均匀、铜比均匀、芯丝排列整齐且间距相等.     

结合连续管线成型技术和粉末套管法制备SiC掺杂的MgB_2超导线材研究

结合连续管线成型技术和粉末套管方法,原位掺杂SiC制备出了20m长的单芯MgB2/Fe、MgB2/Nb/Fe线材和7芯、19芯及49芯的MgB2/Nb/Cu/Fe复合多芯线材。采用XRD和SEM分别对烧结后样品芯部进行相成分和微观结构研究,并通过TEM对SiC掺杂的机理进行了简单分析。采用四引线法对线材进行电流测量并获得临界电流密度。结果表明,线材经过不同温度保温15min的真空退火后,在800℃形成的MgB2相含量最高,其中单芯MgB2/Fe线材在4.2K,11T下Jc值超过104A/cm2,7芯复合线材在4.2K,7.5T下Jc值也达到104A/cm2,并且具有较好的热稳定性,在低场下仍可稳定通过电流。     

TiC掺杂12芯MgB2线材微观结构以及超导电性

采用 PIT工艺,以分步法粉末为装管前驱粉,选用中心铜铌复合棒增强的导体结构制备了TiC掺杂MgB2多芯线材,研究了不同热处理温度对于粉末相组成、线材的微观结构以及超导电性的影响,结果表明分步法粉末能够有效提高C原子的取代水平,同时芯丝中MgB2晶粒尺寸达到亚微米级,MgB2晶粒连结性较好,制备多芯线材在4.2 K,5 T时,其Jc仍高达3×104 A/cm2。     

TiC掺杂12芯MgB2线材微观结构以及超导电性

采用PIT工艺,以分步法粉末为装管前驱粉,选用中心铜铌复合棒增强的导体结构制备了TiC掺杂MgB2多芯线材,研究了不同热处理温度对于粉末相组成、线材的微观结构以及超导电性的影响,结果表明分步法粉末能够有效提高C原子的取代水平,同时芯丝中MgB2晶粒尺寸达到亚微米级,MgB2晶粒连结性较好,制备多芯线材在4.2K,5T时,其Jc仍高达3×104A/cm2。     

Cu-Nb-C-Nb多芯复合线材的制备及表征

采用粉末套管工艺,结合集束拉拔技术制备出了石墨烯包覆铌粉末增强Cu-Nb的多芯复合线材(3#)、石墨烯未包覆铌粉末增强Cu-Nb多芯复合线材(4#)、及纯铌粉增强Cu-Nb多芯复合线材(5#) 3种结构复合线材。通过优化热处理工艺发现,线材在750℃/60h热处理后,与线材的Nb (110)衍射峰强度相比加工态样品发生了明显的增强。微观结构及EDS能谱分析说明,高温热处理有利于Cu/Nb界面之间的轻微扩散,增加了界面的结合强度,线材的塑性和韧性得到了明显改善。通过对3种线材微观结构、力学性能及电学性能的分析表明,石墨烯包覆铌粉末的Cu-Nb-C-Nb线材导电性能优于其它2种线材。最后,分析了3种不同线材的塑性变形机制及引起性能变化的微观机理。提出了进一步优化工艺,为高强高导多元结构复合线材的制备开创了一种全新的方向。     

中心Mg扩散工艺6+1芯MgB2线材的制备及其性能

采用中心Mg扩散工艺(IMD)设计并成功制备了2种不同导体结构(Cu和CuNb芯)的百米级MgB₂线材，分别测试了线材的力学性能和超导传输性能；超导层临界电流密度(Layer Jc)达到4.3×105A/cm2(4.2K,4T)。采用不同方法分析了2根线材纵向MgB₂超导层分布的均匀性，发现随着线材直径的减小，超导层分布更趋于均匀化，Φ0.8mm的线材基超比波动范围最小，基超比极差为0.02;MgB₂层分布均匀性的研究显示该线材中Mg、B密度分布均匀性良好；超导电性的测试结果显示Cu替换芯线材临界电流Ic比CuNb替换芯线材临界电流Ic高出19A(4.2K,4T)，而Jc性能基本一致；相同磁场强度下Cu替换芯线材载流均匀性与稳定性(n)均高于CuNb替换芯线材n值。该研究结果表明IMD工艺制备的MgB₂线材能应用于绕制小型磁体以及Mg/B/Nb/Monel基体能够开发百米级高性能的MgB₂线材。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis