镍基高温合金电子束焊接接头疲劳性能

对GH4169高温合金板材电子束焊接试样进行了金相分析和高、低周疲劳试验,分析GH4169合金的高、低周疲劳性能及疲劳断口形貌.结果表明,GH4169合金电子束焊接接头焊缝区的特点是树枝晶比较明显,为比较发达的树枝晶和明显的二次枝晶.在较高放大倍数下发现,母材和热影响区也为树枝晶结构.接头低周疲劳性能不低于母材,随应变幅降低,相同应变幅下焊接接头疲劳寿命变得略高于母材.接头高周中值疲劳强度比母材高约80 MPa.     

活性剂对GH4169高温合金激光焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用自行研制的活性剂对GH4169进行活性剂激光焊接试验,研究了活性剂对焊缝深宽比、焊缝元素分布、微观组织结构以及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:采用活性剂进行激光焊接后,焊缝深宽比显著增加,活性剂对焊缝元素含量和物相组成基本没有影响。表面涂敷活性剂后,焊缝中的显微组织仍是由靠近熔合线附近的柱状晶区和焊缝中心的等轴晶区组成,但焊缝等轴晶区变大、晶粒发生细化。涂敷活性剂后焊缝中心区的显微硬度增加,但焊接接头塑性显著下降,接头的抗拉强度可达927.4 MPa,为GH4169母材强度的93%。     

PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊接特性

为研究PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊接特性,对其进行了电子束焊接试验,分别对接头显微组织及力学性能进行了分析. 结果表明,PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊缝呈“钉状”几何特征,熔合线附近有链状气孔出现. 焊缝区由粗大的等轴晶及柱状晶组成,热影响区晶粒相比于母材明显长大. 接头各区域硬度值不同,焊缝区硬度与母材相当,硬度最低值出现在两侧热影响区.PM-TZM合金电子束焊接接头有较大的性能损失. 接头室温最高抗拉强度378 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的47%,1 000℃抗拉强度168 MPa. 接头拉伸断裂均发生于焊缝区,呈典型的脆性解理断裂特征.     

GH4169D合金电子束焊接接头显微组织和持久断裂特征

采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析了GH4169D合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织,利用显微硬度计测试了母材、热影响区和焊缝的显微硬度,采用体式显微镜和扫描电镜研究了焊接接头持久断裂特征。结果表明,GH4169D母材中的主要析出相为1~20μm长的片层状晶界η相、30~80 nm的颗粒状γ′相和少量的碳氮化物。热影响区中的主要析出相为10~20 nm的颗粒状γ′相,几乎没有晶界η相。焊缝中为枝晶组织,枝晶间存在含有共晶组织的白色析出相,析出相尺寸为2~6μm,枝晶杆中含有10 nm以下的细小颗粒状γ′相。母材的显微硬度低于热影响区和焊缝,不同区域的显微硬度主要受γ′相尺寸的影响。焊接接头的持久断裂过程包括蠕变裂纹扩展、快速扩展和瞬断3个阶段,蠕变裂纹扩展区中为沿晶断裂,快速扩展区中为沿晶和穿晶混合断裂,瞬断区为穿晶断裂。蠕变裂纹扩展起始于试样表面的热影响区,热影响区中晶界η相含量低和裂纹尖端晶界氧化是导致焊接接头持久性能低于母材的主要原因。     

AZ91B镁合金TIG焊接头组织与性能

使用AZ61和AZ91焊丝TIG焊AZ91B镁合金均可获得组织致密、焊缝与母材结合良好的焊接接头。焊缝组织由分枝发达、呈雪化状的α枝晶以及晶间(α Mg17Al2)低熔点共晶体组成；熔合区组织由细小的α-Mg等轴晶和晶间共晶体组成；热影响区组织接近母材，由粗大的α-Mg树枝品和分布于其间的α Mg17Al2共晶体组成。由于焊接过程中镁的过热蒸发，导致焊缝相对含Al量升高，共晶体含量增多，从而使焊缝热裂纹倾向增大。使用ER AZ61焊接AZ91B合金更易获得抗热裂性能高、与母材成分和组织一致性好的接头；而且接头抗拉强度和伸长率也较高。     

激光增材制造GH3625高温合金激光焊接头组织及力学性能

对激光增材制造GH3625高温合金进行激光对接焊实验,分析了焊接接头的显微组织演变规律和力学性能。结果表明,在热影响区,仅在上层晶界处析出大量Laves相,导致晶界发生明显粗化。沿焊缝上层至下层,熔合区和中间区由上层的胞状晶、柱状晶和等轴细晶逐渐转变为下层的柱状晶,且紧贴熔合线生长的等轴细晶的数量逐渐增多,中心区均为树枝晶。细小颗粒状γ′相弥散分布于焊缝;大量Laves相在中间区枝晶间析出,且形态由上层的条状逐渐转变为下层的颗粒状。接头抗拉强度为872MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的98.2%,伸长率达到母材的90.7%。接头断面近似呈45°斜面,断裂形式为脆性和韧性混合断裂方式。     

低膨胀高温合金GH783电子束焊接头组织及性能研究

采用电子束焊接的方法焊接GH783合金,焊缝枝晶间偏析生成Laves/γ相共晶,1 121℃固溶处理后大部分Laves/γ相消除,β相在枝晶间析出,标准热处理后β相的数量增加,γ’相在基体中弥散析出。焊接接头的硬度分布较为均匀,焊缝中的γ-γ’-β三相组织保证了接头的力学性能,使接头的室温抗拉强度比母材略高,650℃的抗拉强度与塑性均高于母材,750℃的抗拉强度和塑性与母材接近,接头同时具有优良的持久性能。     

铜/钛合金电子束焊接工艺优化

研究了QCr0.8/TC4电子束焊接工艺及接头组织,由于铜合金热导率高而熔化量较小,以及焊缝中生成大量脆性金属间化合物相,因此对中焊时接头强度较低.采用偏铜侧进行非对中电子束焊接,接头抗拉强度随偏束量的增大而增高,偏束量为0.8mm时接头最高抗拉强度为270.5MPa.断裂发生在TC4侧熔合线处,为脆性准解理断裂特征.偏铜焊时接头成形得到改善,焊缝包括熔合区及TC4侧反应层两部分.熔合区主要由铜基固溶体组成,硬度较TC4母材有所降低.反应层成分过渡较大,含有多种金属间化合物相.随着工艺参数的变化,反应层厚度也发生变化,从而对接头性能产生影响.     

高氮奥氏体焊丝焊接超高强钢接头组织和性能

为解决超高强钢焊接冷裂纹问题，采用强度低于母材的高氮奥氏体丝材进行GMAW工艺试验，研究在不同坡口角度下超高强钢焊接接头组织性能. 结果表明，采用该焊丝获得的接头焊缝成形良好，焊缝截面未见裂纹缺陷. 熔合线附近组织主要为针状和板条状马氏体，焊缝组织主要为奥氏体及被奥氏体基体所包围的铁素体树枝晶. 熔合线附近马氏体区硬度平均值为530 HV；焊缝区硬度平均值为275 HV. 相对于60°坡口接头，90°坡口接头熔合线附近马氏体组织硬度更高. 90°坡口接头的抗拉强度平均达到850 MPa，最高达887 MPa，而60°坡口接头抗拉强度平均仅为690 MPa.     

氩弧焊接GH625高温合金的显微组织演变与力学性能（英文）

采用钨极氩弧焊接工艺对镍基变形高温合金GH625进行焊接。系统研究焊接接头的显微组织、元素分布、晶界特征和力学性能。结果表明:焊缝组织为奥氏体树枝晶结构,未见明显的热影响区,焊接熔合区的枝晶间区域均匀分布着大量的δ相。与母材相比,焊接熔合区同时具备较高的硬度和较大的晶粒,这可能与焊接熔合区的δ析出相有关。母材较高的强度主要归因于较多的细小晶粒和孪晶界,而焊接接头较低的伸长率可能是由于δ相。     

X90管线钢管埋弧焊缝组织与性能分析

X90管线钢管是目前正在研究开发的一种新型高强度管线钢管. 随着管材强度的提高,焊缝的组织与性能成为研究与控制的关键. 文中对焊缝、热影响区(HAZ)和母材微观组织、晶粒取向、大/小角度晶界占比及冲击断口形貌等进行了分析研究. 结果表明,焊缝试样近断口区组织为针状铁素体(AF)+准多边形铁素体(QPF),M-A组元呈楔形、块状和条带状,分布于相界处,尺寸较大,长1.8 μm,宽0.5 μm,组织有效平均晶粒尺寸为3.12 μm,大角度晶界比例为67.15%;而HAZ试样近断口区组织为粒状贝氏体(GB)+多形态M-A组元,晶粒粗大,M-A组元多以条带状、楔形分布于晶界和晶内,组织有效平均晶粒尺寸为4.52 μm,大角度晶界比例为85.95%. 母材试样近断口区组织是以细小AF+QPF+板条贝氏体(LB)+少量M-A组元为主的多相匹配的复相组织,M-A组元尺寸细小,组织有效平均晶粒尺寸为2.1 μm,大角度晶界比例为93.75%.密集分布的大尺寸M-A组元和大角晶界占比较小是导致焊缝冲击韧性低于母材的重要原因.     

Grain growth behaviour and high strain rate tensile properties of gas tungsten arc welds in iridium alloy DOP–26

Abstract

The high strain rate tensile ductilities of gas tungsten arc welds in an Ir–0.3 wt-%W alloy containing 60 wt-ppm Th (designated DOP–26) have been determined at test temperatures of 900–1200°C. Within this temperature range, the welded specimens of DOP–26 exhibited tensile ductilities of 9–15%, independent of the test temperature. These values are comparable to those of unwelded DOP–26 tensile specimens tested at temperatures below 1000°C, but significantly lower than (approximately half) those of unwelded DOP–26 tested above 1000°C. Elongation measurements at points along the gauge length of tensile tested specimens indicated that ductility was fairly uniform across the base metal and weld regions. At a tensile test temperature of 900°C, fracture occurred in the base metal with a mixed intergranular–transgranular failure mode. At 980°C and above, fracture occurred along the grain boundaries in the centreline of the weld. Scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces revealed the presence of numerous secondary phase particles along grain boundaries in the weld region. These particles were rich in thorium and were identified as an Ir–Th eutectic phase (melting point ～2080°C) that formed as the weld pool cooled. These particles, and the larger grain size of the fusion zone compared with the base metal, contributed to the lower tensile ductilities of the welded specimens compared with unwelded specimens. Because high strain rate tensile ductility in this alloy is strongly dependent on grain size, the grain growth behaviour of welded specimens of the alloy was also studied. In as welded specimens, the average grain diameters (measured through the thickness of the specimens in a plane perpendicular to the welding direction) in the base metal, weld centreline, and fusion zone were ～21, 41, and 72 µm respectively. For annealing times up to 1065 h at 1400°C and up to 100 h at 1500°C, grain sizes in the weld centreline and in the fusion zone did not change significantly. For these same anneals the base metal grain size increased gradually to 45 and 58 µm for 1400 and 1500°C annealing respectively. The base metal grain sizes were comparable to previous data from unwelded specimens of this alloy. However, excessive grain growth for an annealing time of 250 h at 1500°C was observed and as yet is unexplained.     

Quantification of Microtexture at Weld Nugget of Friction Stir-Welded Carbon Steel

Friction stir welding of C-Mn steel was carried out under ~800-1400 rpm tool rotation. Tool traversing speed of ~50 mm/min remained same for all joints. Effect of thermal state and deformation on texture and microstructure at weld nugget was investigated. Weld nugget consisted of ferrite + bainite/Widmanstatten ferrite with different matrix grain sizes depending on peak temperature. A texture around (? ₂ = 0°, φ = 30°, ? ₂ = 45°) was developed at weld nugget. Grain boundary misorientation at weld nugget indicated that continuous dynamic recrystallization influenced the development of fine equiaxed grain structure. Pole figures and orientation distribution function were used to determine crystallographic texture at weld nugget and base metal. Shear texture components D₁, D₂ and F were present at weld nugget. D₁ shear texture was more prominent among all. Large number of high-angle grain boundaries (~60-70%) was observed at weld nugget and was the resultant of accumulation of high amount of dislocation, followed by subgrain formation.     

焊后热处理对AA7075铝合金DP-MIG焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用双脉冲熔化极精性气体保护焊（DP-MIG）工艺方法焊接AA7075-T651铝合金,焊接试板采用固溶处理（480℃×50 min）后水淬,再进行（80℃×24 h）+（120℃×24 h）两级人工时效热处理,通过金相观察、扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射分析、拉伸试验以及硬度测试,研究焊后热处理（PWHT）工艺对焊接接头显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝区经热处理后,晶粒由枝晶向等轴晶转变,晶界处非平衡第二相溶解,晶界变细,焊缝显微组织特性改善明显;焊接接头经热处理后,抗拉强度由342.5 MPa提高到490 MPa,接头强度系数为0.872,焊缝软化区硬度得到较大改善,焊接接头力学性能有显著提升.     

Analysis of Formation and Interfacial WC Dissolution Behavior of WC-Co/Invar Laser-TIG Welded Joints

During the valve fabrication, hard metal is welded to stainless steel or invar alloy for sealing purposes because of its good heat resistance operating at 500 °C. However, WC (tungsten carbide) dissolution in weld pool softens the hard metal and decreases mechanical properties near the hard metal/weld interface. In order to analyze the WC dissolution in welded joint, joining of hard metal and invar alloy was carried out using laser-tungsten inert gas hybrid welding method. Microstructures of the weld region, chemical composition were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and EDAX, respectively. Mechanical properties such as microhardness and four-point bend strength test were performed. Larger and smaller WC dissolution and WC dissolution through transition layer based on thermo-dynamics were discussed. The results thus indicate that WC dissolution led to cellular microstructure, columnar crystal, and transition layer under the effect of laser beam and tungsten arc. WC dissolution was affected by metal ions Fe⁺, Ni⁺, Co⁺ exchange in W-M-C system, and WC grain growth was driven by forces caused by laser beam and tungsten arc in larger WC, smaller WC, and liquid Fe, Ni systems.     

闪光焊FeCrAl合金管材的接头组织及性能

采用闪光焊对FeCrAl合金进行对接接头焊接,通过扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪等手段研究了焊接接头的显微组织特征、不同区域氧化物颗粒的分布情况及力学性能. 结果表明,闪光焊焊接FeCrAl合金所得焊接接头显微组织主要为等轴晶,在焊缝和热影响区氧化物未出现明显聚集及向晶界偏聚的现象,且在晶内和晶界都可以呈现弥散分布的特征;焊接接头抗拉强度值达到594 MPa,为母材强度的90.5%;接头断裂在焊缝区,整体呈现脆性断裂模式;焊缝晶粒的粗化导致焊缝区硬度降低,最终引起焊接接头出现软化.     

Induction brazing – old process with potential innovations

The practical strength of line pipe steel has extended to X80 or greater. The line pipes of X80 grade have been commercialised successfully and now the development and evaluation of X100 and X120 grade line pipes are being conducted.

The effect of boron addition on the toughness and microstructure of seam weld metal was investigated in tensile strength range from 700 to 1100 MPa. Two types of weld metal were employed in this study. Type A weld metal was produced by boron added flux. The boron content in type A weld metal was around 30 ppm. Type B weld metal was produced by boron free flux. The boron content in type B weld metal was 15 ppm or less. In a tensile strength range less than 800 MPa, type B weld metal had lower absorbed energy than type A because of grain boundary ferrite formation. In a tensile strength range of 800 MPa or more, type B weld metal had greater absorbed energy than type A. In this tensile strength range, some of the acicular ferrite is replaced with bainite or bainite/martensite and the absorbed energy decreases with increase of tensile strength. And the type B weld metal had more amounts of acicular ferrite and greater absorbed energy than type A in this tensile strength range.     

热处理对哈氏合金X焊接接头组织与性能的影响

本实验研究不同热处理工艺对哈氏合金X焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响,分析焊后热处理对哈氏合金X焊接接头性能的影响规律。结果表明：焊缝中心区域组织主要以等轴晶为主,熔合区以枝晶为主。经1050℃热处理的焊缝未析出二次相,经1100℃处理的焊缝在晶界处与晶粒内析出大量二次相,经1150℃处理的焊缝析出物发生重溶。经1150℃热处理工艺后接头抗拉强度最高达773.49 MPa;经1100℃处理的焊接接头断裂形式为沿晶脆性断裂,其他焊缝接头的断裂形式为韧性断裂。     

5052铝合金FSW接头组织和力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊焊接8 mm厚5052-O铝合金,并对焊接接头进行了显微组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明:接头组织左右不对称,前进侧与母材分界线较明显,后退侧与母材分界线较模糊;焊接接头抗拉强度平均值为193.5 MPa,接头强度可达母材的99%,伸长率可达母材的84%;焊接接头正弯角和背弯角均可达到180°,弯曲性能良好;焊核区显微硬度约为72 HV,略高于母材,硬度最低点出现在前进侧熔合过渡区。     

Inconel625等离子弧焊接头组织与接头性能研究

对4 mm镍基高温合金Inconel625薄板进行等离子弧焊实验,对比研究了3种不同焊接热输入下焊接接头各部分的微观组织、接头力学性能、断口形貌以及母材和焊缝的高温腐蚀行为。结果表明Inconel625等离子焊接接头组织是由母材的奥氏体等轴晶、焊缝融合线附近的胞状晶以及焊缝中心的树枝晶组成;在焊缝处有大量的碳化物和少量Laves相析出,使得焊接接头力学性能降低,韧性下降,焊缝成为接头薄弱环节;在焊接热输入为10.175 kJ/cm时接头力学性能最优,抗拉强度为765.3MPa,与母材的785.4MPa相当,延伸率为31.9%,相较于母材的42.8%有所下降,试样断裂方式为发生在焊缝处的韧性断裂;母材和焊缝金属在750℃下24 h熔盐腐蚀后腐蚀产物基本相同,主要为外层颗粒状NiO和Cr₂O₃以及NiCr₂O₄腐蚀层。