纳米Al2O3/2024铝基复合材料的显微组织及力学性能

利用球磨预分散-搅拌铸造法制备纳米Al2O3/2024复合材料,并对所制备的铝基复合材料进行了显微组织及力学性能的研究。结果表明,经球磨预分散后,纳米颗粒团聚现象明显消除,纳米Al2O3呈单颗粒分散于Al粉表面;复合粉体添加法有效避免了超细增强颗粒和基体润湿性差和分散性较差的问题,实现纳米Al2O3颗粒均匀弥散分布于基体合金中;纳米Al2O3颗粒的加入显著提高基体合金的力学性能。与传统搅拌铸造相比,所制备的Al2O3/2024复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和显微硬度分别提高了58%、59%和16%。     

铸造旧砂再生粉尘和废旧易拉罐原位反应制取Al_2O_3颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料的研究

本研究是在废旧易拉罐中加入铸造旧砂再生粉尘(主要成分为SiO2),原位反应生成Al2O3颗粒增强Al基材料。研究采用粉末冶金的方法,先压制成型再加热烧结。参照TG-DTA分析结果,在温度720℃加热4 h,成功制备了Al2O3/Al-Si基复合材料。并对该复合材料的硬度、抗压强度和耐磨性能进行了测试分析。通过XRD图谱和热力学分析表明:经烧结反应后,该复合材料新生成物相主要为Al2O3。试验结果表明当铸造旧砂再生粉尘的含量控制在20%~30%之间时所得复合材料的硬度、抗压强度和耐磨性能明显高于Al基体。     

纳米A12O3/2024铝基复合材料的显微组织及力学性能

利用球磨预分散一搅拌铸造法制备纳米Al2O3/2024复合材料,并对所制备的铝基复合材料进行了显微组织及力学性能的研究.结果表明,经球磨预分散后,纳米颗粒团聚现象明显消除,纳米Al2O3呈单颗粒分散于Al粉表面;复合粉体添加法有效避免了超细增强颗粒和基体润湿性差和分散性较差的问题,实现纳米Al2O3颗粒均匀弥散分布于基体合金中;纳米Al2O3颗粒的加人显著提高基体合金的力学性能.与传统搅拌铸造相比,所制备的Al2O3/2024复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和显微硬度分别提高了58％、59％和16％.     

Ti_3SiC_2/Al稀释重熔制备铝基复合材料

以Ti_3SiC_2粉、铝粉、铝锭为原材料,采用SPS法制备Ti_3SiC_2/铝基复合材料大块体,然后通过稀释重熔的方式制备了颗粒增强铝基复合材料。通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析手段,研究了原位生成颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织与性能。结果表明,制备的颗粒增强铝基复合材料物相复杂,除基体铝外,主要的物相还有Al_3Ti、Ti C、Al_4C_3。以Ti_3SiC_2/Al复合材料形式加入的Ti3SiC2分解完全。搅拌铸造的原位颗粒增强铝基复合材料颗粒分布均匀,颗粒与基体铝的结合紧密,力学性能优异,维氏硬度高达HV35.5,比相同工艺下铸造纯铝提高69%。在载荷为50 N下,有较好的自润滑性能,摩擦系数0.31,磨损量0.3×10~(-2)g。复合材料的摩擦机制由典型的粘着磨损,向轻微的磨粒磨损转变。     

高能球磨与搅拌法制备纳米SiC_p/ZL101复合材料

采用高能球磨与搅拌铸造相结合的方法制备艾了纳米SiC_p/ZL101铝基复合材料。利用干磨式高能球磨设备制备SiC_p/Al复合颗粒,获得纳米SiC弥散分布的近球状SiC_p/Al复合颗粒,其直径在0.5~1.5mm之间。随后通过搅拌铸造方法将复合颗粒加入Al-Si合金熔体重熔稀释,制备出SiC_p含量为0.5%的纳米SiC_p/ZL101复合材料。在100 MPa成形压力下,挤压铸造复合材料的铸态抗拉强度和伸长率分别为233.3 MPa和5.27%,较同等条件下基体合金分别提高了10.94%和2.73%。     

Mg-Al-TiO2体系反应烧结新型镁基复合材料

采用Mg-Al-TiO2体系,通过反应烧结制备了原位生成的Al3Ti、MgO和Al2O3颗粒混合增强的新型镁基复合材料。研究了不同的烧结工艺对复合材料物相和组织的影响。结果表明:采用Mg,Al和TiO2混合粉末反应烧结可以获得致密的Al3Ti、MgO和Al2O3颗粒混合增强的复合材料。Al3Ti、MgO和Al2O3颗粒均原位生成,Al3Ti颗粒粒度约为5μm,均匀分布在基体中;MgO和Al2O3颗粒粒度为纳米级,但是团聚分布。最佳的工艺为反应温度850℃,保温45min;若温度偏低,反应不完全,温度偏高,大量偏析和团聚出现。     

SiC、TiB2双相颗粒增强ZL101复合材料的制备及微观组织

针对重力铸造的汽车活塞用单一SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料拉伸性能会降低的问题,采用混合盐原位反应的方法制备出综合力学性能较好的TiB2、SiC双相颗粒增强的ZL101复合材料。利用扫描电镜对复合材料的微观组织进行观察,基体上TiB2颗粒与SiC颗粒分布比较均匀;利用拉伸试验机和硬度计对复合材料的室温力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:TiB2、SiC两相颗粒增强的ZL101基复合材料的硬度明显比单一颗粒增强复合材料提高,较基体合金ZL101硬度提高了16.9%,且制备的该复合材料比单一SiC颗粒拉伸强度略有提高。     

多种氧化物原位反应制备的Al2O3/Al复合材料

提出了多种氧化物与Al原位反应制备陶瓷颗粒增强铝基复合材料的新方法，并通过3种反应体系CuO／Al，(CuO SiO2)／Al，(CuO SiO2 TiO2)／Al制备了3种铝基复合材料。对原位反应过程进行了热力学分析。对复合材料的显微组织、硬度和力学性能进行了分析和研究。结果表明，多种氧化物与Al的原位反应能发生并自动进行下去，其反应状况良好。(CuO SiO2)／Al，(CuO SiO2 TiO2)／Al原位反应所获得的增强相颗粒分别是Al2O3和Al2O3 Al3Ti，增强相颗粒在复合材料中均匀分布，并且其所制得的复合材料的硬度与力学性能明显好于单一氧化物CuO所制得的复合材料。     

微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料的设计与研究进展

传统颗粒增强铝基复合材料主要是通过添加单一的微米或纳米颗粒作为增强相来改善铝基复合材料的性能.微米颗粒能显著提高铝基复合材料强度、硬度和耐磨性,但塑韧性却大幅下降;而纳米颗粒在提高强度的同时能够保持较好的塑韧性,但由于纳米颗粒的比表面能大,易团聚,制备高体积分数的颗粒增强铝基复合材料比较困难,因此传统铝基复合材料在高科技领域的应用受到一定的限制.为了解决复合材料发展的瓶颈,采用微纳米混杂颗粒增强的设计思路,充分发挥各自增强相的优势和耦合效应,制备出了高性能的混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料.本文综述了微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料设计思路、强化机制及制备技术等方面的研究现状,指出微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向及需要解决的问题.     

Al_2O_3颗粒增强Al-Mn合金基复合材料的制备及摩擦学性能

采用搅拌铸造法制备了Al2O3颗粒增强Al-2%Mn合金基复合材料,对复合材料的显微组织、硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明：复合材料组织由Al基体、δ-Al2O3和MnAl6相组成,且Al2O3颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布。与原始铝基体相比,复合材料的布氏硬度提高了约70%。无论是干摩擦还是SO4.Cl-Na.Ca.Mg型弱碱性水溶液润滑摩擦情况下,复合材料的磨损量均显著低于铝基体。与铝锰合金相比,复合材料具有较低的冲刷腐蚀失重速率。复合材料具有优良的耐磨和耐蚀性。     

Tensile and wear properties of rolled Al5Mg-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> or C particulate composites

Al5Mg alloy matrix composites reinforced with different percentages of Al₂O₃ (60 μm) or C (90 μm) particulates were prepared by the vortex method. The composites were then subjected to hot or cold rolling with different reduction ratios. The microstructures of the rolled composites revealed that the matrix grains moved around the particulate causing deformation. By continuing deformation, the particulates rearranged themselves in the matrix, leading to lensoid distortion. It was found that the addition of Al₂O₃ or C particulates increased the 0.2% proof stress and reduced both the tensile strength and ductility, compared with the monolithic alloy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic examinations showed that the composites reinforced with Al₂O₃ particulates failed through particulate fracture and matrix ligament rupture. However, the failure of the composites reinforced with C particulates was through particulate decohesion, followed by ductile failure of the matrix. Abrasive wear results showed that the wear rate of the Al5Mg alloy decreased with the addition of C particulates. However, increasing the volume fraction of C particulates did not have a prominent effect on the wear rate. The composites reinforced with Al₂O₃ particulates exhibited a higher wear rate than that of the unreinforced alloy. Furthermore, addition of both C and Al₂O₃ particulates into the Al5Mg matrix alloy did not significantly improve the wear resistance. For all composites studied in this work, hot or cold rolling had a marginal effect on the wear results.     

Investigation of multi-phase intermetallic matrix composites (IMC) based on Al–Mo–Zr–Co system

The processing, microstructures and mechanical properties of intermetallic alloy based on Al–Mo–Zr–Co (AMZC) and its composites reinforced with micro-sized TiC, partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ)-ZrO₂ or SiC particulates were investigated. The results showed that the alloy system exhibits multi-phase microstructures, composed of several aluminides including ZrAl₂, Al₅Co₂, Al₉Co₂, AlMo₃, Al₈Mo₃ and Zr₂Al. The AMZC/SiC composite showed poor mechanical properties, due to the existence of residual porosity and weak interfacial bonding. In contrast, the other two composites exhibited superiority in both flexural strength and fracture toughness at room temperature than the Al–Mo–Zr–Co-based multi-phase alloy. Homogeneous distribution of ceramic particles and perfect interfacial bonding accounted for the improvement of strength. The addition of TiC or ZrO₂ particle into the matrix alloy produced remarkable toughening effect.     

Fabrication of A356 composite reinforced with micro and nano Al2O3 particles by a developed compocasting method and study of its properties

Aluminum/alumina composites are used in automotive and aerospace industries due to their low density and good mechanical strength. In this study, compocasting was used to fabricate aluminum-matrix composite reinforced with micro and nano-alumina particles. Different weight fractions of micro (3, 5 and 7.5 wt.%) and nano (1, 2, 3 and 4 wt.%) alumina particles were injected by argon gas into the semi-solid state A356 aluminum alloy and stirred by a mechanical stirrer with different speeds of 200, 300 and 450 rpm. The microstructure of the composite samples was investigated by Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Also, density and hardness variation of micro and nano composites were measured. The microstructure study results revealed that application of compocasting process led to a transformation of a dendritic to a nondendritic structure of the matrix alloy. The SEM micrographs revealed that Al₂O₃ nano particles were surrounded by silicon eutectic and inclined to move toward inter-dendritic regions. They were dispersed uniformly in the matrix when 1, 2 and 3 wt.% nano Al₂O₃ or 3 and 5 wt.% micro Al₂O₃ was added, while, further increase in Al₂O₃ (4 wt.% nano Al₂O₃ and 7.5 wt.% micro Al₂O₃) led to agglomeration. The density measurements showed that the amount of porosity in the composites increased with increasing weight fraction and speed of stirring and decreasing particle size. The hardness results indicated that the hardness of the composites increased with decreasing size and increasing weight fraction of particles.     

Fabrication of AA2024−TiO2 nanocomposites through stir casting process

Given the nonuse of TiO₂ nanoparticles as the reinforcement of AA2024 alloy in fabricating composites by ex-situ casting methods, it was decided to process the AA2024−xTiO_2(np) (x=0, 0.5 and 1 vol.%) nanocomposites by employing the stir casting method. The structural properties of the produced samples were then investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; their mechanical properties were also addressed by hardness and tensile tests. The results showed that adding 1 vol.% TiO₂ nanoparticles reduced the grain size and dendrite arm spacing by about 66% and 31%, respectively. Also, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of AA2024− 1vol.%TiO_2(np) composite were increased by about 25%, 28%, 4% and 163%, respectively, as compared to those of the monolithic component. The agglomerations of nanoparticles in the structure of nanocomposites were found to be a factor weakening the strength against the strengthening mechanisms. Some agglomerations of nanoparticles in the matrix were detected on the fractured surfaces of the tension test specimens.     

Effect of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> particles on the microstructure and sliding wear of 7075 Al alloy manufactured by squeeze casting method

Aluminum (Al) alloy 7075 reinforced with Al₂O₃ particles was prepared using the stir casting method. The microstructure of the cast composites showed some degree of porosity and sites of Al₂O₃ particle clustering, especially at high-volume fractions of Al₂O₃ particles. Different squeeze pressures (25 and 50 MPa) were applied to the cast composite during solidification to reduce porosity and particle clusters. Microstructure examinations of the squeeze cast composites showed remarkable grain refining compared with that of the matrix alloy. As the volume fraction of particles and applied squeeze pressure increased, the hardness linearly increased. This increase was related to the modified structure and the decrease in the porosity. The effect of particle volume fraction and squeeze pressure on the dry-sliding wear of the composites was studied. Experiments were performed at 10, 30, and 50 N with a sliding speed of 1 m/s using a pin-on-ring apparatus. Increasing the particle volume fraction and squeeze pressure improved the wear resistance of the composite compared with that of the monolithic alloy, because the Al₂O₃ particles acted as load-bearing constituents. Also, these results can be attributed to the fact that the application of squeeze pressure during solidification led to a reduction in the porosity, and an increase in the solidification rate, leading to a finer structure. Moreover, the application of squeeze pressure improved the interface strength between the matrix and Al₂O₃ particles by elimination of the porosity at the interface, thereby providing better mechanical locking.     

Carbon-coated silver nanoparticles dispersed in a 2024 aluminum alloy produced by mechanical milling

Aluminum-based nanocomposites were produced by dispersing different contents of carbon-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag-C NP) into a 2024 aluminum alloy (Al₂₀₂₄). After milling nanostructures about 100 nm grain sizes were obtained. Increment in mechanical properties was observed in all composites synthesized. The reinforcement nanoparticles were distributed homogeneously into the Al₂₀₂₄ matrix by mechanical milling process. The yield strength (σ_y) and Brinell hardness (HB), of the nanocomposites increased as the nanoparticles content was increased as well.     

Microstructure and strength of a squeeze cast aluminium piston alloy composite reinforced with alumina short fibre using Al2O3 binder

Abstract

Alumina short fibre preforms were fabricated using an Al₂O₃ binder and infiltrated with aluminium piston alloy melt by squeeze casting. Al₂O₃ binder is thermodynamically more stable than the conventional SiO₂ binder and reduces the fibre/matrix interfacial reaction. The effects of fibre volume fraction, temperature and heat treatment on the yield strength and tensile strength of the composite were investigated. The Al₂O₃ binder provided a satisfactory interfacial bond between the fibre and the matrix without any interfacial reaction or fibre damage. Aging behaviour was not changed by reinforcement. At every temperature, the composites showed the highest strength with a fibre volume fraction of 18%. The strength of the composite was improved by T6 heat treatment. Examination of the fracture surfaces and calculation of the tensile strength using the rule of mixtures indicated that the 18% fibre reinforced composite had a strong interfacial bond even at high temperatures.     

Aging behavior of Al2O3 short fiber reinforced Al-Cu alloy composites

Al2O3 short fiber reinforced AI-Cu composites containing 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% Cu were fabricated by a squeeze casting technique. The as-cast Al2O3/Al-Cu composites were solution treated at 535 ℃ and then aged at 170, 190 and 210 ℃, respectively. Age hardening behavior of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites was analyzed by measuring the hardness of the samples at different aging temperatures and aging time. Microstructures of the composites were observed by transmission electron microscope（TEM）. The results indicate that the hardness of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites containing 7% Cu is much higher than that containing 1%-5% Cu because of the large amount of CuAl2 precipitant in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composite. With the increase of Cu content from 1% to 7%, the time needed for the appearance of peak hardness shortened, indicating that the addition of Cu can accelerate the kinetic of CuAl2 precipitation in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites. The Al2O3/Al-Cu composite containing 7% Cu shows the highest increment of hardness by aging treatment. Therefore, in order to get a higher peak hardness, the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites need more Cu addition as compared with the un-reinforced Al-Cu alloys.     

A composite coating for corrosion protection of AM60B magnesium alloy

Oxide films have been produced on AM60B magnesium alloy by micro-arc anodic oxidation in an environmentally friendly alkaline solution, with and without addition of nanoparticles (TiO₂, ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃). Because of the anodic oxide porosity, inherent in the sparking process, organo-functional silanes top coat has been applied to seal pores and cracks, and achieve an efficient protective coating system. The surface and cross-section morphology of samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Scratch tests were performed for evaluating the adhesion strength and scratch hardness of the anodic oxides to the AM60B substrate. The corrosion resistance of both anodic oxides and oxide/silane composite coatings was evaluated in 0.6 M NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization tests. The addition of nanoparticles to the anodizing solution doesn't affect significantly the corrosion resistance in comparison with anodic oxides produced in nanoparticles free solutions. Conversely, the adhesion strength and scratch hardness of the anodic oxides to the substrate is quite scattered, and it is higher for the samples produced in ZrO₂ and in Al₂O₃ rich solutions. For this reason specimens anodized in ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ containing solutions were chosen for silane deposition. Two silanes were used, namely octyltrimethoxysilane (OSi) and 1, 2-bis [triethoxysilyl] ethane (BTSE). The anodizing treatment carried out in oxides nanoparticles containing solutions (ZrO₂ or Al₂O₃), followed by a silane top coat treatment performed using OSi precursor, is an interesting way, suitable for industrial applications, to synthesize adherent corrosion resistant coatings on magnesium alloy AM60B in a short process time.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy based composites with Al2O3 nanoparticles

A new method was used to fabricate 7075 Al alloy based composites with Al₂O₃ nanoparticles to improve the distribution of particles. In this study, nano-sized particles were fed into the molten alloy through the flow of argon gas, then the Al₂O₃/7075 composites were prepared by solid-liquid mixed casting. The results indicated that the composite samples showed fine microstructure and achieved a homogeneous distribution of particles. Also, it was found that relative to the as-cast 7075 alloy, the Al₂O₃/7075 composites exhibited higher mechanical properties, which is due to the effect of uniform distributed Al₂O₃ nanoparticles reinforcement.