Y2O3对原位自生TiC增强Ni基涂层组织和性能影响

采用氩弧熔覆的方法，以Ni60A自熔性合金粉末为粘结相，添加Ti粉、C粉和不同含量的稀土氧化物Y₂O₃，在16Mn钢基体上制备出TiC陶瓷颗粒增强金属基熔覆涂层. 运用XRD, SEM等手段对复合涂层的显微组织进行表征和分析，并对熔覆涂层的硬度及耐磨性进行了测试. 结果表明，适量添加Y₂O₃可以使涂层组织中枝晶的方向性减弱、同时细化涂层组织，使涂层组织更加均匀，涂层的硬度和耐磨性有显著提高. 添加2% Y₂O₃熔覆涂层的组织为最细，涂层具有较高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性能.     

熔覆电流对CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金涂层组织与耐磨性的影响

为了探索制备工艺对高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响,利用氩弧熔覆方法在Q235钢表面制备了等摩尔比CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金涂层.采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了涂层的组织形貌及物相,采用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机分析了涂层的硬度和耐磨性.结果 表明:采用氩弧熔覆方法能成功在Q235钢表面制备出厚度在2 mm以上的CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金涂层;靠近涂层顶部,熔覆电流对涂层的组织影响明显;随着熔覆电流的增加,涂层中上部过渡区组织由胞状晶向枝状晶和等轴晶转变,同时出现晶粒细化现象,BCC、FCC两相固溶体逐渐转变到BCC单相固溶体.随熔覆电流的增加,涂层的硬度和耐磨性均先升高后降低,涂层表层硬度最大,向基体方向呈下降趋势.当熔覆电流为200 A时,涂层的表层硬度最高,达626.7 HV0.2,约为Q235基体的4倍,其耐磨性也最好.涂层的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损,熔覆电流为200 A制备的涂层伴随有磨粒磨损.     

激光重熔对Al2O3-40% TiO2等离子喷涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响

利用等离子喷涂方法制备Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂涂层,对涂层进行激光重熔处理.分别对等离子喷涂层和激光重熔涂层进行耐冲蚀磨损性能试验,研究了激光重熔对Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂等离子喷涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响.结果表明,激光重熔消除了Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂等离子喷涂层的层状结构,使得等离子喷涂层中γ-Al₂O₃转变为α-Al₂O₃,形成了α-Al₂O₃+TiAl₂O₅稳定结构.激光重熔后的涂层组织致密均匀、硬度高,具有冶金结合特征,使得耐冲蚀性能得到极大提高,其磨损特征为冲蚀粒子冲击作用下产生的裂纹、破碎与块状剥落.     

NbMoWTa-Al2O3固体润滑复合材料的宽温域摩擦磨损性能

通过高能球磨和放电等离子烧结方法制备了新型NbMoWTa难熔高熵合金基固体润滑复合材料。系统研究了纳米Al₂O₃作为固体润滑剂对NbMoWTa难熔高熵合金宽温域摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明：纳米Al₂O₃颗粒在具有BCC结构的NbMoWTa难熔高熵合金基体相晶界和晶内均匀分散,强烈的弥散强化显著提升了NbMoWTa的显微硬度。纳米Al₂O₃颗粒在室温至800℃范围内降低摩擦因数和磨损方面有显著作用。室温下,由于复合材料的显微硬度显著提升,添加足量的纳米Al₂O₃实现了复合材料耐磨性的提升。在中高温下,复合材料表面形成的连续致密氧化摩擦层对提升摩擦学性能起着关键作用。纳米Al₂O₃颗粒协助氧化摩擦层承载更大的载荷,提高其致密性及稳定性,从而更有效地保护基体。此外,在800℃下纳米Al₂O₃颗粒的存在能够抑制MoO3的过度挥发。     

稀土Y2O3对6063Al激光熔覆镍基熔覆层耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术,在6063铝合金表面制备了添加有不同含量Y₂O₃的Ni60合金熔覆层,并对熔覆层进行了耐磨性试验. 通过分析熔覆层组织、熔覆层表面磨痕形貌、磨损量及摩擦系数,研究Y₂O₃含量对铝合金表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层耐磨性能的影响. 结果表明,添加5%Y₂O₃的Ni60熔覆层组织呈现明显的网状分布的枝晶和细小的等轴晶,稀土Y₂O₃可以改善铝合金表面Ni60熔覆层的组织,促进晶粒细化和成分分布均匀;添加稀土Y₂O₃的Ni60基熔覆层较Ni60熔覆层的磨损面崩损程度减小了,摩擦稳定性得到提高;随着稀土含量提高,熔覆层的磨损量减小,但Y₂O₃含量高于5%时磨损量基本不会大幅变化;5%Y₂O₃+Ni60熔覆层具有良好的磨损形貌、较低的磨损量以及较稳定的摩擦系数,其熔覆层的耐磨性是Ni60熔覆层的6.1倍,是6063Al合金基体耐磨性的20.1倍.     

高熵合金FeCoCrNiB0.2Mox激光熔覆层抗冲蚀性能

为改善钢材表面耐冲蚀性能,采用激光熔覆的方法在Q235基体上制备了高熵合金FeCoCrNiB_0.2Mo_x(x = 0,0.5,1)涂层,使用光学显微镜观察了熔覆层的组织;利用X射线衍射仪分析了合金熔覆层的相组成以及晶格畸变;使用维氏硬度计和自制冲蚀设备,研究了Mo对熔覆层硬度和耐冲蚀性能的影响. 结果表明:FeCoCrNiB_0.2Mo_x熔覆层由树枝晶组成,层间还可以观察到细晶区;由于激光熔覆较快的冷却速率抑制了金属间化合物的析出,高熵合金FeCoCrNiB_0.2Mo_x激光熔覆层完全由单相BCC固溶体组成;FeCoCrNiB_0.2Mo_x激光熔覆层硬度可达600 HV0.2以上;熔覆层耐冲蚀性能优良,冲蚀失重速率小于2.25 × 10?4 g/h;并且随着Mo元素含量的增加,涂层的晶格畸变增加,固溶强化效果更加显著,使得熔覆层硬度上升,因此FeCoCrNiB_0.2Mo_x熔覆层的抗冲蚀性能上升;FeCoCrNiB_0.2Mo_x系列涂层的冲蚀破坏主要以塑性微切削和锻压挤压为主.     

纯铜表面氩弧熔覆TiB2/Ni复合涂层组织及耐磨性能

通过氩弧熔覆技术在纯铜表面制备TiB₂增强 Ni 基复合涂层,以改善其耐磨性能. 将钛粉、硼粉和镍粉在球磨机中充分混合,采用氩弧熔覆技术将纯铜表面预置粉末熔化制备出陶瓷颗粒增强镍基熔覆层. 采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析涂层的物相及涂层中陶瓷颗粒相的组成、分布及结构,利用显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能. 结果表明,熔覆层物相主要包括γ(Ni, Cu)和TiB₂;陶瓷颗粒增强相弥散分布于熔覆层中,其中颗粒相TiB₂以六边形存在,熔覆层内部与基体界面处均无缺陷产生;熔覆涂层具有较高的显微硬度,当(Ti+B)质量分数为10%时,涂层显微硬度高达781.3 HV,与纯铜基体对比,熔覆层显微硬度提高约11.7倍;在相同磨损条件下,随(Ti+B)质量分数的增加,熔覆涂层的摩擦系数及磨损失重先减小后增大;氩弧熔覆原位自生TiB₂陶瓷颗粒增强镍基熔覆层可显著提高纯铜表面的耐磨性能.     

碳含量对Al0.5Co0.5NiCrFe高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响

使用氩弧熔覆制备不同碳含量Al_0.5Co_0.5NiCrFe高熵合金涂层,研究碳含量对Al_0.5Co_0.5NiCrFe高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响。结果表明:碳加入后,高熵合金均由单一的FCC结构组成,并没有表征出其他物质,但根据高熵合金显微组织与能谱分析可以发现,高熵合金的枝晶间有碳铬化合物生成。高熵合金涂层的组织为典型的树枝晶结构,随着碳含量的增加,组织不断细化。随碳含量的增加,高熵合金涂层的硬度不断升高,当碳含量为4%时,硬度(383.2 HV0.5)和耐磨性均为最佳。随碳含量的不断增加,高熵合金的耐腐蚀性先增强后减弱,碳含量为2%时耐腐蚀性最佳。根据单位面积氧化增量,高熵合金的抗氧化性先增大后减小,当碳含量为2%时,抗氧化性最佳。     

Ti含量对氩弧熔覆CoCrFeNiCuTix高熵合金涂层组织及性能的影响

采用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢基体表面制备了CoCrFeNiCuTi_x(x表示摩尔比值,x=0、0.3、0.5、0.8和1)高熵合金涂层,研究了Ti含量对CoCrFeNiCuTi_x高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,不同Ti含量的CoCrFeNiCuTi_x高熵合金均为FCC单相固溶体。CoCrFeNiCu合金的微观组织为柱状晶结构。随着Ti的加入,微观组织中开始出现析出相,且Ti含量越高,析出相越多。同时Ti的加入明显提高了合金的显微硬度,当Ti的摩尔比为1时,涂层的截面显微硬度值达到最高值439.54 HV0.1。Ti对CoCrFeNiCuTi_x高熵合金的耐磨性具有显著影响,CoCrFeNiCuTi合金表现出最好的耐磨性。随着Ti含量的升高,合金的磨损机理由黏着磨损转化成黏着磨损与氧化磨损并存。     

水轮机叶片氩弧熔覆WC涂层的组织和性能

采用氩弧熔覆法对用于水轮机叶片的45碳钢进行WC涂层表面强化处理。利用扫描电镜、XRD、显微硬度计和磨损试验机对未熔覆涂层和熔覆WC涂层的45碳钢进行组织和性能分析。结果表明,氩弧电流对涂层表面形貌产生影响,电流为100 A时表面形貌最均匀。涂层组织除了稳态相Fe、WC外,还出现亚稳态W2C、Fe6W6C相。与未熔覆涂层相比,熔覆WC的碳钢表面显微硬度,磨损强度等性能显著提高。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy/WC reinforcing particles composite coatings prepared by laser cladding and plasma cladding

FeCoCrNi HEA coatings with 20% mass fraction of WC reinforcing particles were prepared by two different cladding methods, laser cladding (LC) and plasma cladding (PC). The microstructure of HEA matrix and WC particles of LC and PC coatings were discussed respectively. For HEA matrix, dendritic morphology was observed in both coatings. For WC particles, a few granular (Cr,W)₂C carbides around WC particles in LC coatings, and a large number of crystal and fishbone Fe₃W₃C carbides around WC particles in PC coatings. Mechanical properties as hardness and wear resistance of the two kinds of coatings were also investigated. The interstitial solution strengthening effect of C element is stronger in PC coating, and the hardness of HEA matrix in LC coatings is twice that of in PC coating, which shows a strong retention force on WC particles. The friction coefficient of LC coating is lower and stable, with the volume wear rate of 0.7 × 10⁻⁵ mm⁻³/N·m, showing high wear resistance. PC coatings have poor wear resistance due to decarbonization and oxidation of WC particles and reduction of retention force of HEA matrix, with the volume wear rate of 8.29 × 10⁻⁵ mm⁻³/N·m. The wear mechanism of both coatings were also discussed.     

TIG熔覆原位自生TiC-TiB2/Fe复合涂层

利用氩弧作为热源,以G302铁基合金粉、FeTi70粉和B₄C粉作为原料粉末,在Q235表面原位生成TiC-TiB₂增强的铁基复合涂层. 采用一系列的分析测试方法对涂层进行了表征,结果表明,氩弧熔覆过程冶金反应充分,熔覆层中生成了TiC,TiB₂和M₇C₃等硬质增强相;熔覆层组织呈现出由母材界面到熔覆层表面硬质相逐渐增多的梯度分布特征. 增加FeTi70和B₄C粉末比例提高了熔覆层硬度,质量比为G302:FeTi70:B₄C=6:3:1时,试样最大硬度达到976 HV0.1,是母材硬度的5倍左右. 在与GCr15钢对磨时,熔覆试样磨损量仅为Q235钢的1/30左右,熔覆层磨损表面基本无塑性变形痕迹,涂层中坚硬的TiC,TiB₂陶瓷相起到阻磨作用.     

Effects of critical plasma spray parameter and spray distance on wear resistance of Al2O3-8 wt.%TiO2 coatings plasma-sprayed with nanopowders

Effects of plasma spraying conditions on wear resistance of nanostructured Al₂O₃-8 wt.%TiO₂ coatings plasma-sprayed with nanopowders were investigated in this study. Five kinds of nanostructured coatings were plasma-sprayed on a low-carbon steel substrate by varying critical plasma spray parameter (CPSP) and spray distance. The coatings consisted of fully melted region of γ-Al₂O₃ and partially melted region, and the fraction of the partially melted regions and pores decreased with increasing CPSP or decreasing spray distance. The hardness and wear test results revealed that the hardness of the coatings increased with increasing CPSP or decreasing spray distance, and that the hardness increase generally led to the increase in wear resistance, although the hardness and wear resistance were not correlated in the coating fabricated with the low CPSP. The main wear mechanism was a delamination one in the coatings, but an abrasive wear mode also appeared in the coating fabricated with the low CPSP. According to these wear mechanisms, the improvement of wear resistance in the coating fabricated with the low CPSP could be explained because the improved resistance to fracture due to the presence of partially melted regions might compensate a deleterious effect of the hardness decrease.     

The use of Al-Al2O3 cold spray coatings to improve the surface properties of magnesium alloys

Pure Al and 6061 aluminium alloy based Al₂O₃ particle-reinforced composite coatings were produced on AZ91E substrates using cold spray. The strength of the coating/substrate interface in tension was found to be stronger than the coating itself. The coatings have corrosion resistance similar to that of bulk pure aluminium in both salt spray and electrochemical tests. The wear resistance of the coatings is significantly better than that of the AZ91 Mg substrate, but the significant result is that the wear rate of the coatings is several decades lower than that of various bulk Al alloys tested for comparison. The effect of post-spray heat treatment, the volume fraction of Al₂O₃ within the coating and of the type of Al powder used in the coatings on the corrosion and wear resistance was also discussed.     

Oxidation and interfacial fracture behaviour of NiCrAlY/Al2O3 coatings on an orthorhombic-Ti2AlNb alloy

Al₂O₃ diffusion barriers of various thicknesses have been fabricated by filtered arc ion plating between the NiCrAlY coating and the O-Ti₂AlNb alloy. Isothermal oxidation tests and three-point bend tests have been conducted to investigate the influence of the Al₂O₃ diffusion barriers on the oxidation and interfacial fracture behaviour of the coatings. The results indicate that the Al₂O₃ diffusion barrier defers interdiffusion and gives oxidation resistance of the NiCrAlY coatings. The thickness of the Al₂O₃ interlayer not only influences the oxidation behaviour but also affects the interfacial fracture properties. Additionally, thermal exposure affects the critical load in three-point bend tests.     

Phase constituents and microstructure of laser cladding Al2O3/Ti3Al reinforced ceramic layer on titanium alloy

Laser cladding of the Fe₃Al + TiB₂/Al₂O₃ pre-placed alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti₃Al/Fe₃Al + TiB₂/Al₂O₃ ceramic layer, which can greatly increase wear resistance of titanium alloy. In this study, the Ti₃Al/Fe₃Al + TiB₂/Al₂O₃ ceramic layer has been researched by means of electron probe, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and micro-analyzer. In cladding process, Al₂O₃ can react with TiB₂ leading to formation of amount of Ti₃Al and B. This principle can be used to improve the Fe₃Al + TiB₂ laser cladded coating, it was found that with addition of Al₂O₃, the microstructure performance and micro-hardness of the coating was obviously improved due to the action of the Al-Ti-B system and hard phases.     

Effect of Feedstock Size and its Distribution on the Properties of Detonation Sprayed Coatings

The detonation spraying is one of the most promising thermal spray variants for depositing wear and corrosion resistant coatings. The ceramic (Al₂O₃), metallic (Ni-20 wt%Cr) , and cermets (WC-12 wt%Co) powders that are commercially available were separated into coarser and finer size ranges with relatively narrow size distribution by employing centrifugal air classifier. The coatings were deposited using detonation spray technique. The effect of particle size and its distribution on the coating properties were examined. The surface roughness and porosity increased with increasing powder particle size for all the coatings consistently. The feedstock size was also found to influence the phase composition of Al₂O₃ and WC-Co coatings; however does not influence the phase composition of Ni-Cr coatings. The associated phase change and %porosity of the coatings imparted considerable variation in the coating hardness, fracture toughness, and wear properties. The fine and narrow size range WC-Co coating exhibited superior wear resistance. The coarse and narrow size distribution Al₂O₃ coating exhibited better performance under abrasion and sliding wear modes however under erosion wear mode the as-received Al₂O₃ coating exhibited better performance. In the case of metallic (Ni-Cr) coatings, the coatings deposited using coarser powder exhibited marginally lower-wear rate under abrasion and sliding wear modes. However, under erosion wear mode, the coating deposited using finer particle size exhibited considerably lower-wear rate.     

SiC对氩弧熔覆AlCuFeNiCo高熵合金涂层组织性能的影响

为了满足牙轮牙爪一、二道止推面上合金涂层的硬度和耐磨性能要求,并改善一、二道止推面的质量及生产效率,在 AlCuFeNiCo 高熵合金的基础上添加了不同含量的 SiC,用氩弧熔覆的方法制备高熵合金涂层,并研究了 SiC 的加入量对涂层性能的影响,试图以 AlCuFeNiCoSiC_x 高熵合金替代 Co119 合金应用在牙爪一、二道止推面上。 研究结果表明,AlCuFeNiCoSiC_x 高熵合金涂层均由 fcc 和 bcc 相构成,而 SiC 的加入使 AlCuFeNiCo 高熵合金涂层的 bcc 相含量先增大后减小,硬度变化情况也相同,其中 AlCuFeNiCoSiC_{0. 25} 的硬度可达 61. 7HRC,符合各工厂对一、二道止推面上合金涂层的要求。 对比于 Co119 合金涂层,AlCuFeNiCoSiC_{0. 25} 涂层硬度提高了 4. 5HRC 且硬度分布更加均匀,耐磨性能提高了 43. 9%。 同时,在基体预热的情况下,氩弧熔覆的使用不会导致裂纹的产生。 因此可以使用 AlCuFeNiCoSiC_{0. 25} 高熵合金代替 Co119 合金作为一、二道止推面上的合金涂层。