4043与5A06铝合金的焊接工艺

通过分析4043与5A06铝合金化学成分、物理性能和焊接性特点,并在工程实践的基础上,总结了4043与5A06铝合金焊接技术要点及焊接工艺差异,为生产和生活中铝合金焊接技术提供了有益的技术参考,同时也为铝合金焊接技能提供了宝贵的经验借鉴。     

Si,Mg对铝/钢熔钎焊焊接接头力学性能的影响

采用脉冲旁路耦合电弧MIG熔钎焊方法,分别采用4043,5356铝合金焊丝对5052铝合金/镀锌钢异种金属进行了搭接焊.通过扫描电镜（SEM）,能谱仪（EDS）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）对铝/钢连接界面、接头断裂行为及断口形貌进行了分析,发现5356铝合金焊丝焊接接头的润湿角要大于4043铝合金焊丝焊接接头的润湿角,合金元素Si既可改变界面反应层金属间化合物的形态同时还可显著减少Fe₂Al₅层的厚度.拉伸试验发现5356铝合金焊丝焊接所得接头主要断裂于界面反应层,属于脆性断裂;4043铝合金焊丝焊接所得接头主要断裂于熔合区,是以韧性断裂为主的混合断裂.通过对4043铝合金焊丝焊接所得接头进行显微硬度测试,发现热影响区组织的显微硬度明显低于其它区域的显微硬度,这导致4043铝合金焊丝焊接接头主要断裂于熔合区.     

深冷处理对6082铝合金焊接接头性能的影响

研究了深冷处理前后康复器械用6082铝合金TIG焊接接头的显微硬度、拉伸性能以及拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,6082铝合金焊接接头经540℃×50 min固溶水冷和-196℃×20 h深冷处理后,强度和塑性都得到明显改善,强度提高了61.3%,断后伸长率提高到未经深冷处理接头的4.5倍,焊接接头的硬度得到提高,显微气孔和疏松等缺陷基本消除。     

Si含量及热处理对Al-Si-Mg铝合金焊丝堆焊层耐磨性的影响

4043铝合金焊丝熔化后流动性良好,焊后不易产生结晶裂纹,广泛适用于6000系铝合金的焊接。使用4043铝合金焊丝在材料表面堆焊,可以修复部分材料表面出现划伤与磨损。本研究中,使用4043铝合金焊丝,配合钨极惰性气体保护焊进行表面堆焊实验,使用金相显微镜,扫描电镜,硬度测试及耐磨性测试等分析检测手段研究了Si含量及热处理工艺对焊后堆焊层耐磨性的影响。结果表明,提高焊丝中Si含量可以增加共晶硅颗粒的数量。而热处理可以有效球化共晶硅颗粒,显著提高堆焊层的耐磨性。     

Si含量及热处理对4043铝合金焊丝堆焊层耐磨性的影响（英文）

4043铝合金焊丝熔化后流动性良好,焊后不易产生结晶裂纹,广泛适用于6000系铝合金的焊接。利用4043铝合金焊丝在材料表面堆焊,可以修复部分材料表面出现的划伤与磨损。本研究使用4043铝合金焊丝,配合钨极惰性气体保护焊进行表面堆焊实验,采用金相显微镜,扫描电镜,硬度测试及耐磨性测试等分析检测手段研究了Si含量及热处理工艺对焊后堆焊层耐磨性的影响。结果表明,提高焊丝中Si含量可以增加共晶硅颗粒的数量。而热处理可以有效球化共晶硅颗粒,显著提高堆焊层的耐磨性。     

6063铝合金焊接接头热处理工艺研究

研究了热处理工艺对6063铝合金焊接接头强度的影响。研究结果表明:对6063铝合金焊接接头最佳热处理工艺为:500℃×1 h后水淬的固溶处理和175℃×8 h的时效处理,在上述工艺下的接头强度达到180.1 MPa,相比未热处理的接头强度提高了39.7%;实际生产中为提高效率,时效工艺可以考虑采用200℃×2 h代替175℃×8 h。     

快速凝固耐热铝合金AA8009的TIG焊接

喷射沉积耐热铝合金AA8009的焊接技术是该合金实用化中必须解决的关键问题之一.试验采用ER5356、ER4043和母材作为焊丝对合金成分(质量分数,%)为Al-8.52Fe-1.23V-1.6Si、板厚为2 mm的耐热铝合金AA8009进行钨极氩弧焊焊接.结果表明,采用三种不同焊丝对耐热铝合金AA8009进行钨极氩弧焊焊接,断裂发生在熔化区边界,采用ER5356作为焊丝时焊接系数最高,为52.6%.焊缝冷却速度约为20℃/s,焊缝凝固组织为平衡或近平衡组织,在熔化区边界有针状析出相,热影响区及熔化区均发生了不同程度的软化.     

连铸连轧法生产4043铝合金工艺研究

采用连铸连轧生产了φ9.5mm的4043铝合金杆,并对其进行了退火处理,通过拉伸试验、金相分析等手段研究了4043铝合金的力学性能与晶粒度。结果表明,铸造出的坯料晶粒度为1级,无裂纹、缩孔缺陷,轧制出的合金杆力学性能稳定,抗拉强度极差为2.9 MPa;退火处理后,4043铝合金杆塑性得到大幅提高,伸长率平均提高了13.8%。     

焊丝成分和焊后热处理对汽车用新型铝合金焊接接头的影响

采用不同焊丝焊接2024铝合金,并研究热处理前后铝合金焊接接头组织和性能的变化。研究结果表明,采用铝铜焊丝焊接铝合金,焊接接头经550℃,2 h固溶和150℃,7 h时效处理后,抗拉强度达到398 MPa,屈服强度达到345 MPa。采用铝镁焊丝时,热处理对铝合金焊接接头固溶作用不明显,热处理前后显微硬度变化不大。采用铝铜焊丝或铝硅焊丝时,热处理后铝合金焊接接头由铸态组织转变为时效态组织。采用铝铜焊丝的焊接接头显微硬度在焊缝区出现突变现象;采用铝硅焊丝的焊接接头显微硬度在焊缝区出现最低值。     

焊后热处理对铝/钢焊接接头组织和显微硬度的影响

选用脉冲旁路耦合电弧焊以ER4043铝合金丝作为填充材料进行铝/钢异种金属的搭接焊,焊接接头分别在270℃和350℃下进行焊后热处理。采用扫描电镜观察焊接接头微观组织,使用能谱仪和显微硬度测试仪测试热处理前后焊接接头不同区域合金元素的扩散情况和硬度分布情况。结果表明:焊后热处理会使焊接接头中的合金成分产生均匀化扩散,350℃热处理后焊接接头焊趾区生成了一层金属间化合物Fe_2Al_5Zn_(0.4);270℃热处理后焊接接头焊缝金属组织的硬度分布均匀,焊趾区组织硬度变化较小,这有利于防止焊接接头产生应力集中、提高焊接接头的力学性能。     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.