俯仰振荡对细长旋成体非对称流场主动控制的DES数值模拟

为研究细长体背风面非对称分离涡在俯仰振荡中的变化,选取2种典型细长体非对称流态的初始迎角,在固定振幅和频率的情况下,利用脱体涡模拟(Detached-Eddy Simulation,DES)方法对处于非对称流场下的细长旋成体进行数值模拟.计算结果表明,俯仰振荡对细长体背风面流态有巨大的影响,对非对称分离涡有明显的控制作用,在大迎角非对称涡系未破裂以及特大迎角非对称涡系依次破裂的情况下,俯仰振荡都可以改变流场结构,抑制流场的非对称性,使分离涡趋于对称.     

细长体大攻角非对称涡流的数值研究

运用数值方法模拟了细长体在不同攻角条件下亚音速绕流的背涡结构,探讨了非对称涡流的气动力特性.研究结果表明,在超临界Re数范围内,细长体大攻角绕流的非对称性是沿轴向逐步发展的,背涡结构交替形成、飘起和脱落,并诱导出呈减幅正弦形式分布的截面侧向力.由细长体两侧分离速度不等引起的当地分离涡强度不等是产生截面侧向力的主要因素.随着攻角的增大,流场非对称性越来越显著,侧向力逐渐增大;流场非对称性以及细长体尾部附近类卡门涡街形式的非定常流动都逐渐向前体聚拢.     

细长旋成体单孔微吹气扰动控制的数值研究

利用三维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,对亚临界流动范围内不同Re教下,细长旋成体大迎角下单孔位微吹气扰动控制进行了数值计算.对比了不同截面压力分布和侧向力系数,结果表明单孔微吹气扰动对细长旋成体侧向力有明显的控制能力.分析了单孔微吹气扰动对大迎角非对称流动的控制能力、雷诺数对控制能力的影响规律.     

极小展弦比翼身组合体大攻角气动特性研究

极小展弦比翼身组合体在大攻角飞行时会形成非对称涡,产生很大的侧向力.为减小侧向力,研究了前体小翼对极小展弦比翼身组合体气动特性的影响.采用有限体积法对极小展弦比翼身组合体流场进行了数值模拟.对比了有无前体小翼翼身组合体气动参数随攻角变化趋势以及空间流场结果,重点分析了前体小翼对侧向力的影响.结果表明,前体小翼的存在可以显著降低全弹的侧向力,并且对全弹的零阻和法向力影响很小.     

矢量喷流下导弹大攻角绕流的流动显示研究

在大攻角下导弹弹身的非对称绕流会导致较大的侧向力,因此控制非对称流动是非常重要的研究内容。文中主要研究了矢量喷流对导弹大攻角非对称绕流的影响。研究通过流动显示的方法选取了导弹头部非对称流动比较明显的两个截面,采用激光片光流动显示技术研究了大攻角下矢量喷流对导弹头部截面绕流的影响。试验结果表明,矢量喷流促使非对称脱体涡的涡位抬高,矢量喷流对导弹大攻角非对称绕流有一定的控制作用。     

细长体的最大侧向力和伴随的偏航力矩

本文提出一个方法,用来确定不可压流中大攻角细长体在有效横流雷诺数10~4～10~8的范围内,由旋涡引起的最大侧向力和伴随的偏航力矩。利用垂直于气流圆柱上的三维非定常气流分离相似,得到旋转细长体由定常旋涡引起的最大侧向力的边界。可以看出,在临界有效雷诺数的范围内,当弹体的一侧发生亚临界分离,而另一侧发生超临界分离时,旋涡引起的侧向力最大。尽管,该方法只适用于仅存在单个不对称旋涡的弹体,但可以把它推广,提供一个基本的积木法,来确定受不对称多涡对影响的,长弹体的方向稳定性边界。     

头部钝度和尾部形状对空射火箭气动特性的影响

为了研究空中发射运载火箭外形对气动特性的影响规律,通过低速风洞实验,利用六分量天平测量空射火箭模型在迎角0~80°,4个速度(17m/s,25m/s,35m/s,40m/s)下的气动力和气动力矩。结果表明:在零侧滑条件下,模型的背风区出现了非对称涡,产生较大的侧力和偏航力矩,俯仰力矩随迎角的变化存在不稳定区域;相比圆柱形尾部模型,收敛扩张形尾部提高了模型的纵向稳定性,6%头部钝度的圆头模型最大侧力减少至少50%,非对称涡的起始迎角提高了7°。研究结果可为内装式空射火箭的外形设计提供一定的参考。     

固定鸭舵双旋火箭弹超声速侧向气动特性

为研究加装了固定鸭舵修正组件的双旋火箭弹的气动特性,采用ANSYS Fluent软件计算弹体周围流场,采用滑移网格方法模拟弹箭旋转运动,在验证数值方法的基础上,对超声速下无鸭舵、鸭舵修正组件不旋和鸭舵修正组件反旋3种状态的双旋火箭弹进行数值模拟,重点分析了鸭舵修正组件对全弹和部件侧向力的影响。计算结果表明:加装鸭舵修正组件后,全弹阻力系数和法向力系数增加,侧向力系数随攻角大幅增加; 弹体侧向力受鸭舵的影响最大,也是全弹侧向力的主要组成部分,尾翼次之,修正组件产生的侧向力最小; 加装修正组件后,鸭舵尾涡与弹体体涡相互干扰是弹体和尾翼侧向力增加的主要原因。     

抛物型喷管入口扩张半角对推力偏心的影响

研究了当气流偏离抛物型喷管超音速段对称轴时所引起的喷管推力偏心．用三维特征线方法数值模拟了喷管内的非对称流场，得到了在不同入口扩张半角时，喷管侧向推力分量沿轴向的变化及其零点位置在轴线上的分布．结果表明，侧向力第一零点和第二零点的位置随入口扩张半角的变化都是非线性的     

非对称×形折叠翼巡飞弹气动特性数值研究

为了研究非对称×形折叠翼巡飞弹的气动特性,在保证弹径、弹长、舵翼的弦长和暴露展长相同的情况下,分别开展了对称×形折叠翼气动布局与非对称×形折叠翼气动布局巡飞弹气动特性的数值模拟,对比了两者侧向力系数、滚转力矩系数、升力系数以及阻力系数,发现与×形翼气动布局相比,非对称×形折叠翼气动布局产生了侧向力与滚转力矩。进一步分析了非对称×形折叠翼气动布局产生侧向力与滚转力矩的原因。结果表明:在亚音速条件下,非对称×形折叠翼气动布局的升力系数与阻力系数随着攻角和马赫数的增大而增大; 非对称×形折叠翼气动布局由于舵翼沿着弹身是非对称布置的,导致了非对称的气动干扰,从而产生了侧向力和滚转力矩。非对称×形折叠翼气动布局的侧向力系数随着马赫数的增大而增大,随着攻角的增大呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势,滚转力矩系数随着攻角和马赫数的变化较为复杂。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.