硼铅丹延期药预点火反应机理研究

对三种不同配比的硼铅丹延期药Bl、B2和B4进行了DTA、TG和DSC-TG热分析,研究了硼铅丹延期药的预点火反应。指出其反应机理为固-固相反应,反应主要集中在350℃附近及450℃附近,推导出零氧平衡时的化学反应方程式并利用X射线衍射分析对燃烧产物进行了验证。     

硼/铬酸钡延期药预点火反应机理研究

通过对3种不同配比的硼/铬酸钡延期药进行DTA、TG和DSC-TG热分析,研究了硼/铬酸钡延期药固相预点火反应,结果表明其反应主要集中在750℃附近,并根据燃烧残渣的X射线粉末衍射(XRD)结果,推测出零氧平衡时的化学反应方程式.     

纳米Si/Pb3O4延期药热反应动力学研究

采用物理湿混法制备了3种纳米延期药,利用SEM和DSC对样品的微观形貌和热分解特性进行了研究.结果表明,可燃剂Si粒子呈球形或椭球形,粒子均在纳米尺度.在热反应过程中,随着Si粉粒径的减小,纳米Si/Pb3O4延期药的低温反应和高温反应分别提前了5℃和18℃,相应的表观活化能(Ea)分别降低了46 176J·mol-1和15 927J·mol-1.与相同化学计量比配制的Si10.51μm/Pb3O4延期药相比,纳米Si50min/Pb3O4延期药的低温反应和高温反应分别提前了166℃和125℃.在此基础上,推断纳米Si/Pb3O4延期药的低温反应为部分纳米Si与部分Pb3O4之间的界面反应(第1活化期),其高温反应对应剩余Si和剩余Pb3O4以及中间产物PbO和SiO2之间的第2活化期.     

硼系延期药特性及应用

通过研究硼系延期药的反应机理，并对硼系延期药进行差热扫描量热法（DSC）与热重法（TG）分析，得到了合理可行的配方；采用湿法混药的新工艺，对延期体结构进行了优化设计；对延期雷管进行了常温、低温、高温高湿以及自然贮存试验。试验后的测时结果及实际应用效果表明，装有硼系延期药的延期雷管具有延期精度高、用药量少、贮存时间长、耐高低温的优点。     

硼/氧化铜延期药的热分析动力学研究

使用DSC/TG联用技术对6种不同配比的硼,氧化铜延期药进行了热分析研究,并使用多元非线性拟合技术对硼含量为17%的B/CuO的动力学过程进行了求算.研究表明:B/CuO的反应为固.固相反应,其中硼含量为5%、8%、11%和14%时B/CuO反应不完全.而17%和20%时B/CuO反应相对完全.使用无模式的Vuedman法对硼含量为17%的B/CuO分解的活化能和指前因子进行求算,结果表明其动力学过程十分复杂,至少存在两个反应.     

硼/氧化铜延期药的燃速与数值模拟

研究了硼/氧化铜延期药在环境温度为-50～70℃,硼含量为8.3%～20%范围内燃速的变化规律。结果表明:当硼含量为8.3%时,硼/氧化铜延期药不能完全燃烧,出现瞎火;在硼含量为11%～20%范围内,随着硼含量的增加,随硼含量增加,硼/氧化铜延期药的燃速增加。但是在硼含量为14%～18%的区间,硼/氧化铜延期药的燃速呈现出平台形式;环境温度升高,硼/氧化铜延期药的燃速也小幅增加。将硼/氧化铜延期药燃速的实验数据采用最小二乘法进行数值模拟,提出了硼/氧化铜延期药的燃速公式。     

硼系延期药燃烧特性分析

采用高速摄影技术对B/BaCrO4延期药的燃烧特性进行实验研究,结果表明:B/BaCrO4延期药的燃烧过程由一系列脉动燃烧组成,燃烧过程中存在明显的气体流动,并且生成熔融状液滴或层状燃烧产物;产物对气流的阻力作用导致燃烧表面处压力大于环境压力,达到固体产物强度时,产物剥离燃烧表面,并且随着气流流动;B含量为14%的B/BaCrO4延期药燃烧形成的层状物层厚为1.2 mm,剥离周期为17.8 ms;B含量为8%~16%时,B/BaCrO4延期药的燃速随着B含量的增加而增大。     

粘合剂对钨系延期药燃速的影响

为了研究粘合剂对钨系延期药燃速的影响,用硝化棉和聚四氟乙烯对相同配方的延期药分别进行造粒,测定了这两种延期药在常温(20℃)和高温(120,160,180℃)下的延期时间和燃速,结果表明,以硝化棉为粘合剂造粒的延期药(A)在上述温度下的平均燃速分别是以聚四氟乙烯为粘合剂造粒延期药(B)平均燃速的2.2倍、2.3倍、3.3倍和4.8倍,并且延期药B的燃速随温度升高而加快的幅度较小;延期药A在180℃的延期时间仅为常温的36%,延期药B在180℃的延期时间是常温的77%。     

高加速度过载对硼系延期药延期性能的影响

本文采用Hopkinson压杆试验装置对硼系延期药进行应力波加载试验。比较了压药压力、过载加速度以及粘合剂的使用对硼系延期药在动态加载前后延期时间与延期精度变化的影响。经试验表明：延期药在高过载下延期精度下降很大；在延期药中加入粘合剂可以相对提高延期体的抗过载能力。     

B/BaCrO_4延期药在导爆管雷管中的应用研究

通过对B/BaCrO_4延期药配方及混药方式进行研究,并结合我国工业雷管的实际应用方式,采用铅延期体结构把此延期药装配成导爆管雷管进行测时,考察其延期精度和延期时间;此外,对延期元件进行了0.5a的自然贮存试验,检验其贮存后延期时间与延期精度的稳定性.结果表明:B/BaCrO_4延期药燃速稳定、延期精度高、贮存性能好,在一定范围内,延期时间与延期元件的长度基本为线性关系.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.