F2314氟树脂在老化过程中的结晶度变化及其对力学性能的影响研究

对F2314氟树脂及以F2314为粘结剂的高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)进行了老化试验,老化前后检测了F2314的结晶度、贮存模量、损耗因子及以F2314为粘结剂的PBX的力学性能.结果表明F2314氟树脂在老化后结晶度升高,进而导致F2314在老化后贮存模量升高,损耗因子降低,以F2314为粘结剂的PBX在老化后其压缩强度和压缩模量也略有升高;但以F2314为粘结剂的PBX在老化后其拉伸强度和拉伸模量呈现下降的趋势,这也有可能是由于F2314结晶后其粘结性能变差导致界面作用减弱引起的.     

两种氟聚合物在TATB晶体表面吸附的动力学模拟

采用Discover／Material Studio中的分子动力学（COMPASS力场、NVT）方法及smart minimizer结构优化方法，对两种氟聚合物在TATB不同晶面上吸附行为进行模拟和结构优化后发现：（1）二者相互作用时，TATB原子位置变化的大小次序为：（010）〉（100）〉（001）；而氟聚合物的展开程度按以上次序增加。（2）TATB晶体对两种聚合物都是吸引的，可以用F2311及F2314来包覆TATB晶体；且F2314对TATB晶体的包覆效果要优于F2311。（3）TATB不同晶面吸附能力的大小次序为：（010）〉（001）〉（100）。     

DMA方法研究多壁碳纳米管/F2314复合材料的粘弹性能

用熔融共混法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/氟聚物(F2314)复合材料。用动态机械热分析(DMA)法考察了MWCNTs含量对复合材料粘弹性能(动态力学行为和三点弯曲蠕变性能)的影响。结果表明,随着MWCNTs含量的增加,MWCNTs/F2314复合材料的储能模量增加,玻璃化转变温度和损耗因子峰值(tanδmax)减小。MWCNTs的存在使得MWCNTs/F2314复合材料的蠕变应变和稳态蠕变速率减小。80℃/0.1 MPa下,当MWCNTs含量从2%增加到20%时,MWCNTs/F2314复合材料的蠕变应变和稳态蠕变速率分别减小87.6%和84.7%。Burger四元件模型可以模拟MWCNTs/F2314复合材料的蠕变行为,并获得蠕变曲线的本构方程。     

ANTA/TNA二元低共熔物的热分解及其熔融结晶动力学

为了获得3-氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯甲醚（ANTA）/N-甲基-2,4,6-三硝基苯甲胺（TNA）低共熔物的热分解性能及其熔融结晶动力学参数，采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了ANTA/TNA低共熔物的热分解性能，计算了热分解动力学参数；采用微热量热法研究了添加剂奥克托今（HMX）和黑索今（RDX）对ANTA/TNA低共熔物熔融结晶过程的影响，并分别利用?atava-?esták法和Avrami法分析了低共熔物非等温熔融和结晶行为。结果表明：低共熔物的热稳定性较好，热分解动力学参数与ANTA和TNA接近；低共熔物熔融过程符合一级反应动力学，升温速率对熔融动力学参数影响较大，添加剂能够一定程度减弱熔融动力学参数对升温速率的依赖程度；低共熔物的结晶过程随降温速率的增大而逐渐向低温区转移，其结晶速率随结晶度的增大而减小，在HMX介质中，结晶速率受结晶度的影响较小，在RDX中的结晶速率随结晶度的增大而增大。     

LLM-105重结晶与性能研究

研究了LLM-105的重结晶方法。结果表明,不同重结晶方法获得的LLM-105平均粒径、纯度和撞击感度差别较大,其中冷却法和溶剂(DMSO)-非溶剂(热水)法结晶产品撞击感度较低,H50值分别为120.0cm和108.3cm。采用DSC?TG、VST、TG和热爆炸等方法研究了LLM-105的热性能,DSC放热起始温度为341.2℃(升温速率10℃.min-1),120℃条件下48h放气量为0.016mL.g-1,120℃条件下48h热失重为0.13%,5s延滞期爆发点为367.6℃;VST测试结果表明,LLM-105与HMX、AS、F2311、F2314、Estane的相容性良好。测定LLM-105爆速(LLM-105/F2314=95/5,1.845g.cm-3,96.4%TMD)为7991m.s-1。压力-密度测试结果表明,LLM-105具有良好的压缩成型性能。     

TATB基高聚物粘结炸药及其粘结剂的玻璃化温度与DMA测量频率关系的研究

用动态力学分析（DMA）方法，研究了上种TATB基PBX及其粘结剂（氟聚物）的测量频率与玻璃化温度的关系。结果显示：在这四种氟聚物F2314、F2311、F2463、和F2603中，只有F2314存在明显的二次转变，这是由于F2314分子中具有较多的C－C1键所引起的。从测量频率与玻璃化温度之间的关系，得到PBX及春粘结剂的活化能数据。经比较发现：TATB基PBX中，极高填充量的TATB颗粒的存在会对粘结剂链段的构象运动产生明显的限制作用。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料的热氧老化行为

通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、差示量热扫描仪、动态热机械分析仪、万能强力试验机及扫描电镜测试手段探究超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维及UHMWPE纤维/氢化苯乙烯-丁二稀-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SEBS）复合材料的热氧老化机理,系统分析老化温度对UHMWPE纤维及其复合材料的结构和热性能、界面性能、机械强度和防弹性能的影响。研究结果表明：老化后的UHMWPE纤 维机械性能与热氧老化温度密切相关,经高温热氧老化后拉伸强度显著下降,但纤维结晶结构基本不变;UHMWPE纤维/SEBS复合材料在70 ℃和90 ℃热氧老化336 h后纤维与树脂界面已发生破坏;在90 ℃热氧老化672 h后,UHMWPE复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别下降了28%和49%;然而,在50 ℃、70 ℃及90 ℃下热氧老化1 344 h后,UHMWPE复合材料防1.1 g标准模拟破片的弹道极限速度v₅₀保持率均高于95%。     

用热分析描述烟火系统的特征

热方法包括热分析和量热法两种，是被经常用来描述烟火系统的极有效的技术。本文将提供一篇如何将这些方法应用于研究烟火系统的综述，研究范围包括反应性、反应机制和贮存老化。被讨论的技术包括：差示扫描量热分析（DSC）；差热分析（DTA）；调温差示扫描量热分析（MTDSC）；热失重分析法（TG）；同步的TG－DTA和TG－DSC；同步的TG－DTA－质谱测定法；热显微镜检测法；绝热燃烧量热法；等温微量量热法。上述方法的应用参考选择烟火系统。例举了开展专题测量、特别是用于研究点火条件的优越性，同时讨论了使用化学分析和热技术的好处。     

含氟聚合物/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的导热性能

为提高含氟聚合物F2314的导热性能,采用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对F2314进行改性。用密炼混合法制备了F2314/MWCNTs复合材料。研究了MWCNTs含量、温度对F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热系数的影响。建立了F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热模型。结果表明,F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热系数随MWCNTs含量增加而增大。当MWCNTs质量分数为30%时,30℃下F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热系数高达0.647 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),比纯F2314的导热系数提高3.43倍。F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热性能对温度的依赖性与F2314的相态转变密切相关。随着温度增加,F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热系数先增加,然后在玻璃化转变温度附近达到最大值,接着逐渐降低。有效介质方法修正公式的计算结果与实验吻合较好,表明该公式可以较好地模拟F2314/MWCNTs复合材料的导热性能。     

F2314/AS复合粘结剂与TATB界面作用的相关参数研究

为分析复合粘结剂的组成和配比对高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)界面作用的影响,基于不同理论模型,采用多个参数(参数A、β和有效体积分数φe)评估了氟树脂F2314/丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物(AS)复合材料与1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB)的界面作用。结果表明,F2314/AS复合粘结剂与TATB的界面作用与F2314和AS的相转变有关,随着温度升高呈现较大波动。TATB/F2314和TATB/AS复合材料的界面作用参数β值分别为0.969和0.840。20℃时炸药颗粒的有效体积分数φe和单个颗粒有效体积的相对值B随F2314含量增加而增加。随着F2314含量增加,PBX中TATB炸药颗粒和粘结剂的界面作用增强。     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

An Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Machining of Microelectrode

Puts forward a new method in machining microelectrode by electro chemical machining （ECM） and plastic deformed theory. The procedure of this method is to machine the microelectrode according to the basic rule of ECM theory at first. Then, with the change of ECM machining parameters, one of the microelectrode ends is exerted by a load. As a result, the elastic and plastic deformation is produced at the machining section and the microelectrode diameter is reduced. It has been proved that the proposed method can determine the optimum machining parameters to machine the microelectrode of Cu.     

Unscented Kalman Filter for Autonomous Warship Attitude Determination

To address a problem of autonomous attitude determination algorithm using gravitational field and geomagnetic field observation, a new recursive optimization autonomous attitude estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on unscented Kalman fiher(UKF), and can synchronously provide the attitude rate information. The simulated results show that the measurement precision of the method could be increased by 2 times compared to that of the common methods.     

Error Coefficient Estimation of Inertial Platformin Its Calibration

The error coefficient estimation of inertial platform in the course of its consecutive ground calibration is studiedA separate-bias algorithm is adopted to estimate the error parameters effectively. The ill-conditioning problem of the equation solution caused by the huge state dimension is also resolved. And the simulation result shows its validity.