超重力强化吹脱与O_3/H_2O_2联合处理含高浓度硝基苯废水

为了降低废水中硝基苯含量,首次构建了超重力强化的吹脱—O3/H2O2氧化处理工艺。进行了超重力强化的吹脱法预处理含高浓度硝基苯的废水。考察了超重力因子、气体流量G、液体流量L等因素对硝基苯吹脱率的影响。结果表明:结合超重力技术可有效提高硝基苯去除率,当G=10m3·h-1,L=90L·h-1,=80时,吹脱10次后硝基苯含量降至90mg·L-1,此后吹脱率变化明显减弱。低浓度废水用超重力强化的O3/H2O2高级氧化法进一步处理,当L=120L·h-1,=80,气相O3浓度为50mg·L-1,H2O2浓度为4.9mmol·L-1,初始pH值为10.5,处理时间为25min时,硝基苯去除率可达99.6%,出水可生化系数BOD5/CODCr=0.38,满足污水处理的生化处理标准。     

含硝基苯类化合物工业废水处理技术与工艺

针对实际工业生产废水,应充分考虑废水中所含的多种有机污染物及对工艺技术的冲击,以及废水生物降解性提高的途径和方法.运用工业废水的前处理技术、有机污染物生物降解性提高的预处理技术、高效降解硝基苯类化合物复合菌群的驯化、培养以及生物强化技术工艺,对含硝基苯类化合物的实际工业废水进行处理是可性的,同时对类似的难降解有机污染物的有效处理也具有重要指导作用及应用价值.     

不同臭氧组合工艺处理含硝基苯类化合物废水的实验研究

为研究臭氧高级氧化技术对含硝基苯类化合物炸药废水的处理效果,采用四种不同组合工艺(旋转填料床(RPB)-O3/H2O2、RPB-O3、曝气反应装置(BR)-O3/H2O2和BR-O3),进行了模拟废水中硝基苯类化合物降解的对比性试验。结果表明,O3/H2O2工艺对硝基苯类化合物表现出较强的降解性能,去除率可达99%,出水指标达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中硝基苯类化合物排放标准。在相同反应时间下,BR-O3/H2O2和BR-O3工艺对硝基苯类化合物去除率明显偏低。在RPB-O3/H2O2和RPB-O3工艺中,硝基苯类化合物去除率随超重力因子和初始p H值的增加而增大,而随双氧水浓度和液体流量的增加呈先增大后降低的变化趋势。在臭氧浓度为50 mg·L-1,超重力因子为80,初始p H为10.5,双氧水浓度4.9 mmol·L-1和液体流量120 L·h-1的试验条件下,硝基苯类化合物去除效果较好。此条件下硝基苯类化合物的降解过程符合假一级反应动力学。     

基于响应面法的超声强化铁碳微电解处理硝基苯废水工艺优化研究

针对超声波强化铁碳微电解法降解含硝基苯废水时各操作因素之间是否存在相互作用的问题,采用响应面法(RSM)对工艺条件进行了优化。实验中,选取29组有代表性的试验点,以超声波(US)功率、零价铁(Fe~0)剂量、活性炭(GAC)剂量、废水初始pH值为主要因素,硝基苯的去除率为响应值,设计了四因素三水平的响应面实验,得到了最优的工艺条件。结果表明,Fe~0剂量与废水初始pH值、废水初始pH值与超声功率之间存在明显的交互作用;当Fe~0剂量为20.7 g·L~(-1),GAC剂量为13.19 g·L~(-1),初始pH值为2.08,超声功率为175.96 W时,硝基苯去除率的预测值为98.50%。与实测值相差1.23%(2%)。因此得到超声强化铁碳微电解降解硝基苯的二次数学模型对工艺条件的优化及硝基苯去除率的预测具有良好的可靠性。     

超重力强化非均相催化臭氧矿化苯酚废水的响应面分析与优化

为了探究超重力强化非均相催化臭氧矿化苯酚废水最优工艺条件和各影响因素之间存在的交互关系,采用响应面法(RSM)进行实验优化。根据Box-Behnken Design(BBD)中心组合设计原理,设计四因素三水平实验,考察超重力因子(β)、初始pH值,液体流量(QL),臭氧浓度(CO3)对矿化苯酚废水的影响,构建该工艺的数学模型及确定优化后的工艺参数。结果表明,β与初始pH值存在极显著的交互关系,β与QL存在显著的交互关系。最优的工艺参数条件:β为60,初始pH值为5.47,CO3为60 mg·L^-1,QL为90 L·h^-1,预测值为91.54%,比实测值高0.97%(<2%),由此可知,二次数学模型对超重力强化非均相催化臭氧矿化苯酚废水的工艺条件的优化及苯酚的矿化率的预测具有良好的可靠性。此外,超重力技术与非均相催化臭氧氧化技术相耦合有助于液相中的臭氧快速分解产生更多的羟基自由基(·OH)与有机物反应,因此,超重力强化非均相催化臭氧矿化苯酚废水遵循·OH机理,30 min可对苯酚废水实现较为彻底的矿化。     

超声波/超重力-臭氧法处理DNT废水的实验研究

常温下使用超声波/超重力-臭氧法对DNT废水进行处理,考察了超重力因子β、初始pH值、液气比(L/G)、臭氧浓度以及处理时间等因素对硝基化合物和COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明:该技术对DNT废水的处理效果较好,在最佳工艺条件β=130,pH=12,L/G=2,臭氧浓度为40mg/L时,处理5h后,硝基化合物和COD去除率分别达到94.28%、86.5%。     

用超重力技术强化O3/Fe(Ⅱ)工艺深度氧化降解苯胺废水

针对传统反应器存在臭氧传质效率低的问题,将旋转填料床(RPB)的超重力技术与O_3/Fe(Ⅱ)高级氧化法相耦合(RPB-O_3/Fe(Ⅱ))用于含苯胺(AN)废水的深度氧化降解,考察了超重力因子β、催化剂Fe(Ⅱ)投加量、O_3浓度,体系pH值及苯胺初始浓度对AN降解率和TOC去除率的影响,用液相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了AN降解过程的中间产物,探讨了AN的降解机理。结果表明,超重力因子的提高有利于AN的深度降解;体系pH值会影响臭氧化直接与间接反应以及催化剂Fe(Ⅱ)的存在形式,RPB-O_3/Fe(Ⅱ)体系拓宽了臭氧使用的pH范围;O_3浓度增加有利于提高AN降解效能,但臭氧利用效率降低。在超重力因子β为100,Fe(Ⅱ)浓度为0.8 mmol·L~(-1),O_3浓度为36 mg·L~(-1),pH值为3,AN初始浓度为200 mg·L~(-1)时,12 min苯胺去除率达100%,60min时TOC去除率可达73%。氧化降解苯胺过程的中间产物主要有硝基苯、对苯醌、马来酸和草酸,并推断了臭氧催化氧化降解苯胺的可能途径。     

强化Fenton法降解含能材料废水的研究（英）

综述了能提高废水处理效率的Fenton组合工艺和类Fenton处理方法,并对超声波和微波辅助高级氧化技术处理有机废水进行了介绍。在高级氧化技术中,废水中的过渡金属离子、还原性铁粉、粉煤灰等可以作为Fenton试剂中替代亚铁离子的催化剂,这些催化剂能与过氧化氢形成类Fenton试剂,产生羟基自由基,以降解含能材料废水中的难生物降解有机物。组合工艺和Fenton强化方法的开发将为降低含能材料废水处理成本提供成本优势。     

芳香族硝基化合物废水处理的研究进展

芳香族硝基化合物中的硝基苯、硝基甲苯、二硝基苯酚等都是炸药的主要成分，除了它们本身的爆炸性和危险性，还具有高稳定性及高毒性，对人类健康、土壤、水源及生态环境都会造成极大的危害。本研究介绍了目前芳香族硝基化合物废水处理技术的现状，依据物理处理、化学处理和生物降解三种处理方法，进行了各种技术优缺点的总结，并展望了发展趋势。三种处理方法中物理处理法存在潜在的二次污染风险，生物降解法时间成本较高，故认为化学处理法是最具发展前景的方法，其中的光催化法仅借助太阳光就可高效降解芳香族硝基化合物废水，具有绿色环保、节能等优点，虽该方法还未运用到实际应用中，但可将其他处理技术与光催化法联合应用，达到取长补短、相得益彰的效果。     

超声强化铁碳微电解处理硝基苯废水

针对铁碳微电解处理有机废水时铁碳填料易钝化、难连续可用性的问题,采用超声波(US)-零价铁/活性炭(Fe0/GAC)微电解技术降解硝基苯废水。考察了铁碳填料连续使用性,考察了Fe0剂量、GAC剂量、废水初始p H值对US-Fe0/GAC降解硝基苯的影响规律。结果表明:不更换填料时,US-Fe0/GAC连续处理4批相同废水的硝基苯去除率均在90%左右;而在Fe~0/GAC处理下,4次硝基苯去除率依次为48%、36%、25%、17%。超声不仅维持了填料高活性使其能被连续使用,有效提高了Fe~0/GAC对硝基苯去除率。得到降解硝基苯的适宜操作条件为:Fe0剂量20 g·L~(-1),GAC剂量10 g·L~(-1),废水初始p H为4。在此条件下,反应80min,硝基苯的去除率可达93%,出水的可生化系数BOD5/CODcr为0.32,能满足生化处理要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.