药片剪切试验中PBX-2炸药的响应特性

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元计算程序模拟设计了药片剪切试验装置,研究了Φ20 mm×5 mm和Φ20 mm×9 mm两种厚度的PBX-2药片在剪切试验中的响应特性。采用锰铜压力计测试样品中压力的变化过程,通过高速录像照片分析了撞击点火反应过程,用冲击波超压传感器测量了炸药的反应超压,综合分析了PBX-2炸药在药片剪切试验中的响应规律。结果初步表明,药片剪切试验中PBX-2炸药厚度由5 mm变化至9 mm,其反应落高阈值由3.5～3.7 m降低为3.0～3.1 m,即随着该炸药厚度增加,其反应落高阈值略有降低。     

不同升温速率热作用下PBX-2炸药的响应规律

采用不同升温速率3,5,10,25,105℃.min-1分别对PBX-2炸药进行了烤燃试验,试验中用热电偶分别测试样品半径处和中心处的温度变化过程,通过冲击波超压测量分析了样品的反应程度,根据热分析和烤燃试验结果宏观上分析了PBX-2炸药在热作用下的响应规律。试验结果初步表明:热作用试验中PBX-2炸药随着升温速率升高反应程度降低。采用Arrhenius模型对PBX-2炸药在热作用下响应进行了数值模拟,模拟的炸药温度变化结果与试验测试结果基本一致。     

PBX-2炸药加热条件下燃烧转爆轰特性

为了研究炸药在加热前后的燃烧转爆轰特性变化,设计了加热条件下燃烧转爆轰试验加载系统,对Φ30 mm ×400 mm的PBX-2炸药进行了试验。试验中采用热电偶测试装置壳体和炸药表面温度变化过程,采用离子探针测量了燃烧转爆轰过程的传播时间和距离,探讨了加热与未加热PBX-2炸药的燃烧转爆轰特性。结果表明,与未加热相比,加热至85℃时PBX-2炸药更难以发生燃烧转爆轰现象。     

压缩剪切作用下PBX的响应特性

为了研究高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)在压缩剪切作用下的响应特性,采用设计的压缩剪切试验装置,对Φ20 mm×40 mm的PBX-932和PBX-C43在22~57 m·s-1撞击速度范围内进行了响应试验。试验中采用压力计测试了压力变化过程,通过高速录像照片分析了撞击过程,采用冲击波超压传感器测量了炸药的反应超压,分析了两种炸药的响应特性。结果表明,随着撞击速度增加,两种PBX炸药的损伤度增加。在压力160~400 MPa,脉宽1.5 ms的压缩剪切作用下,PBX-C43和PBX-932的撞击速度阈值分别为25.5~27.7 m·s-1和22.7~24.4 m·s-1。两种炸药的反应程度基本一致。     

用抛射弹撞击法（Steven试验）研究PBX-2炸药加速老化前后反应能力

采用2kg弹丸对55℃加速老化180天和540天的PBX-2炸药进行了Steven试验,试验中采用锰铜压力计测试了样品中的压力变化过程,通过高速录像照片和压力曲线分析了炸药点火反应的延迟时间,通过冲击波超压传感器测量了炸药的反应超压。对加速老化前后炸药的试验结果进行了对比,试验结果初步表明加速老化前后的PBX-2炸药在Steven试验中发生反应的反应程度和受力过程并无明显变化。     

Steven试验中不同形状弹头撞击下炸药响应规律研究

采用2 kg小钝头弹丸、针状弹丸和平头弹丸分别对PBX-2炸药进行了Steven试验,试验中采用锰铜压力计和聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电式压力传感器测试了样品中的压力变化过程,通过高速录像照片分析了点火反应过程; 通过冲击波超压传感器测量了炸药的反应超压,分析了Steven试验中不同形状弹头撞击的影响规律.结果初步表明,Steven试验中由于平面撞击产生的强剪切带作用使得炸药反应更剧烈,平头弹丸撞击时PBX-2炸药反应程度更高.     

慢烤试验中PBX-6炸药件的响应特性（英文）

为了解缓慢加热对炸药件安全性的影响,分别开展了PBX-6粉末炸药样品在压力1 MPa和0.101 MPa、升温速率2℃·min~(-1) 和5℃·min~(-1) 的DSC分析,以及SR50mm PBX-6半球炸药件在55℃、140 d的加速老化试验。设计了Φ100 mm球形炸药件的慢烤试验装置,对球形S-1~#和S-2~#试样进行了升温速率分别为2℃·min~(-1) 和5℃·min~(-1) 的慢烤试验。通过热电偶和温度测试系统记录测量位置的温度变化,结合冲击波超压和试验残余物对比分析试验结果,探讨慢速烤燃行为与热分解特性的关系,综合评估PBX-6炸药件在缓慢加热条件下的安全性。结果表明,升温速率2℃·min~(-1) 时,S-1~#试样的爆燃时间为8373 s,爆响温度为218.5℃,爆燃反应较弱。升温速率5℃·min~(-1) 时,S-2~#试样的爆燃时间为4074 s,爆响温度为224.9℃,冲击波超压为21.8kPa,爆燃程度较大。即升温速率越大,试样的爆响时间越短,爆响温度越高,爆燃程度越大。     

模拟跌落撞击下PBX-2炸药的响应

为了研究带壳体约束条件下炸药的跌落安全性,设计了模拟跌落试验装置.对φ98 mm ×39 mm PBX-2炸药进行了跌落试验,采用polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)计测试了样品中的压力变化过程,采用PCB加速度计获得了装置中不同位置的加速度变化过程,通过高速录像照片分析了点火反应过程,通过冲击波...     

常温和75℃条件下PBX-2炸药射弹撞击响应特性

为了研究常温和75℃条件下PBX-2炸药射弹撞击响应特性,采用高温撞击试验装置对PBX-2炸药进行了射弹撞击试验。采用冲击波超压传感器测量了炸药的反应超压,结合回收样品综合分析了常温和75℃下炸药的响应特性。采用有限元程序LS-DYNA计算分析了不同撞击速度对应的常温和75℃PBX-2炸药的受力变化。结果表明,常温下PBX-2炸药撞击点火反应速度阈值为263.5~269.9m·s~(-1);加热至75℃时,PBX-2炸药撞击点火反应速度阈值为316~367m·s~(-1)。相比常温状态,当射弹撞击速度低于800m·s~(-1)时,75℃条件下PBX-2炸药反应程度明显下降,但射弹撞击速度高于800m·s-1时,约1.54GPa的输入压力就能使75℃PBX-2炸药产生剧烈反应。     

PBX炸药药片的摩擦感度响应特性

为研究高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)在摩擦作用下的响应特性,采用药片摩擦感度试验装置分别对PBX-923和PBX-2炸药进行了试验,采用冲击波超压传感器测量了样品的反应超压,根据回收样品分析了两种炸药的响应特性,计算了摩擦作用下PBX发生点火的摩擦功阈值和摩擦功率,分析了药片摩擦感度试验中炸药的点火机制。结果表明,炸药与光滑的钢板摩擦时PBX-923炸药和PBX-2炸药的反应摩擦功分别大于515.9 J和583.2 J,摩擦功率分别大于10.12 k W和11.44 k W,而PBX-923炸药与砂靶摩擦时对应的反应摩擦功阈值为294.7~368.3 J,摩擦功率为7.80~9.75 k W,PBX-2炸药与砂靶摩擦时反应摩擦功阈值为147.3~191.5 J、摩擦功率为3.90~5.07 k W,表明摩擦作用难以整体均匀加热PBX发生点火,炸药与砂靶摩擦的点火主导机制是摩擦引发的剪切作用点火。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.