基于凝胶百分数的推进剂贮存寿命及其可靠性分析

选择凝胶百分数作为老化性能评定参数,根据凝胶百分数与老化时间的关系,建立了推进剂贮存寿命预估模型;采用Monte-Carlo法分析了某固体推进剂贮存的寿命及其可靠性问题.结果表明:在常温下该推进剂的贮存寿命为5.93a,可靠度为0.83.     

基于湿热加速老化试验的HTPB固体推进剂寿命预估

借鉴量子力学理论关于电子产品老化反应速率与环境温、湿度的关系,将Eyring和Arrhenius模型相结合,建立了固体推进剂贮存使用寿命的湿热老化模型,并通过试验数据拟合得到具体的经验公式。利用该模型预估出某HTPB固体推剂在室温20℃、相对湿度为50%的贮存寿命,与实际贮存寿命进行了对照。结果表明,采用将温湿因素引入推进剂老化模型的方法,可以使推进剂寿命预测的结果更接近于发动机中推进剂的实际使用寿命。     

基于老化修正模型的HTPB推进剂寿命预估

针对Arrhenius方程在端羟基聚丁二烯(Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene,HTPB)推进剂寿命预估方面的局限性,提出了一种老化修正模型。根据高温加速寿命试验数据,对模型参数进行了回归求解,外推出常温25℃条件下HTPB推进剂的贮存寿命为12.79年,与常温外推试验结果的相对误差为9.29%,且预估结果小于常温外推寿命,从安全性的角度上满足实际使用需求。与指数模型、对数模型和线性模型的相关性分析结果表明,老化修正模型的相关系数R0.97,标准差Rstd0.015,回归结果要优于常用的三种老化模型,该模型适用于HTPB推进剂贮存寿命的预估研究。     

基于分段老化模型的HTPB推进剂贮存寿命

针对常用老化模型不能准确描述端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂贮存老化不同阶段特点的问题,提出了一种分段老化模型。对HTPB推进剂进行了高温加速寿命试验,以最大延伸率作为性能变化表征参数,将HTPB推进剂的老化机理分三个阶段进行了分析,并根据老化不同阶段的相关性分析结果,建立了分段老化模型。利用时温等效原理,得到了高温(60℃)加速老化和常温(25℃)有效贮存的时间转换关系,结合分段老化模型,预估HTPB推进剂在常温(25℃)条件下贮存寿命为11.60年。该模型的相关系数R0.95,标准差R_(std)0.015。     

温湿度变化对NEPE推进剂力学性能的影响分析

NEPE推进剂的失效机理可为某新型发动机设计和寿命预估提供理论支持.为深入研究该推进剂在湿热环境中的力学性能变化,进行了高温湿加速老化试验,并借助双因素方差分析方法考查温、湿度对最大抗拉强度(σm)的影响程度.结果表明高温湿环境使NEPE推进剂的σm急剧减小;温、湿度对σm有显著影响;温、湿度耦合在老化前期对σm有明显影响,在老化后期作用变弱对σm没有显著影响.     

NEPE推进剂湿老化特性研究

开展了NEPE推进剂在不同环境条件下湿老化试验,监测了试验过程中推进剂的吸湿率、力学性能和稳定剂含量的变化.结果表明,吸湿严重影响NEPE推进剂力学性能.85%RH环境条件下,抗拉强度下降幅度可达70%.NEPE推进剂吸湿平衡湿度低,11%RH时仍有轻微吸湿.短期吸湿引起的力学性能下降可通过干燥手段恢复.湿老化速度与试件尺寸及暴露表面积有关.高温加速老化条件下,湿气加剧NEPE推进剂的化学老化,表明长期贮存有必要考虑湿气引起的不可逆化学反应.     

NEPE推进剂老化性能的动态力学表征

采用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)测定了老化后NEPE推进剂的动态力学性能,表征了其在75℃下的热老化特性。结果显示,NEPE推进剂的损耗因子温度谱曲线在低温段只存在一个单峰(玻璃化转变峰),损耗因子tanδ的峰值随老化时间和测试频率的增加而增大,且峰温上升;增塑剂含量对tanδ峰值的影响因贮存条件而异,密封贮存老化条件下tanδ峰值随增塑剂含量的减少而增大。     

固体推进剂贮存老化研究进展

介绍了双基、NEPE推进剂和丁羟推进剂等固体推进剂国内外贮存老化的研究进展.国外采用光谱学和在推进剂中埋入微型传感器等方法来监测老化,监测技术已达到或接近实用阶段,国内在此方面还有不小的差距.展望了该研究领域未来的发展趋势,定应变或定应力下的老化、界面"脱湿"、寿命监测系统、老化模拟与仿真是该研究领域主要的发展趋势.     

基于加速老化和实测载荷的立式贮存固体发动机药柱寿命评估

为预估立式贮存固体发动机药柱贮存寿命,综合考虑加速老化和实测载荷的影响,开展推进剂高温加速老化试验,得到推进剂延伸率的变化规律。分别对贮存老化后的发动机在固化降温/静态立式贮存/点火发射和固化降温/动态立式贮存两种载荷历程进行有限元分析,获取药柱危险点von Mises 应变规律,并计算药柱在振动条件下的疲劳损伤。以延伸率和应变随时间的变化规律为依据,预估了发动机寿命。结果表明：推进剂延伸率随时间逐渐减小;药柱在重力载荷的长时间作用下会产生蠕变效应;药柱内部各点在实测振动载荷作用下产生周期性的应力,动态立式贮存半年的损伤值为0.017 12;发动机贮存老化时间与立式贮存次数呈现负指数关系,其可允许的动态立式贮存次数为15次;考虑立式贮存时,总寿命介于8.24~11.75年;忽略立式贮存时,总寿命为17.81年。     

NEPE推进剂湿热双应力老化特性

将NEPE推进剂置于不同的温度和湿度条件下贮存,测试其力学性能、凝胶分数和稳定剂含量的变化规律。研究发现:NEPE推进剂湿热双应力老化可以表示为物理老化和化学老化两部分的叠加;物理老化表现为湿老化特征,力学性能变化先快后慢,趋向于定值;化学老化表现为热老化特征,前期力学性能出现一个平台区,持续一段时间后,迅速下降至一个更低的平台;存在湿热两种因素的协同效应:湿气对化学老化具有加速效应,温度对物理老化具有增速和增幅效应。NEPE推进剂湿热双应力老化的基本化学特性与热老化类似,但是湿度对于稳定剂消耗与粘合剂网络降解都具有加速作用,可视为湿气降低了热老化的表观活化能。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.