一种新的基于CA和OS的分布式模糊恒虚警检测系统

文中将单元平均（CA）方法、有序统计（OS）方法与模糊逻辑相结合，提出一种新的两传感器分布式CFAR（模糊CAOS）方案，以提高分布式CFAR检测的性能。系统中的两传感器分别采用模糊CA方法和模糊OS方法计算出映射到虚警空间的隶属函数值，并传给融合中心，融合中心根据这些值采用相应的模糊融合准则进行判决。仿真结果表明，在指定模糊融合准则条件下，分布式模糊CAOS-CFAR在均匀背景和非均匀背景下均具有比较好的检测性能。     

Pearson分布杂波背景下均值类恒虚警检测器的性能分析

文中研究Pearson杂波背景下的CFAR检测问题。推导出CA、GO和SO三种CFAR检测器在Pear—son分布杂波背景下虚警概率的初等函数表达式，证明了它们在Pearson分布杂波背景下仍具有恒虚警性能。全面分析了这三种均值类检测器在均匀背景和非均匀背景下的性能。结果表明SO-CFAR在均匀背景和多目标干扰情况下均具有最好的检测性能，而GO-CFAR则在杂波边缘情况具有更好的虚警控制能力。     

基于无偏最小方差估计算法的分布式CFAR检测

为了提高分布式CFAR检测的性能,文中研究采用无偏最小方差估计（UMVE）CFAR作为局部检测器的分布式CFAR系统。文中推导出采用＂与＂融合和＂或＂融合准则时分布式UMVE-CFAR的目标函数和参数优化方程。并将其与CA,OS等经典分布式CFAR检测进行了性能比较,结果表明,分布式UMVE在均匀背景和多目标环境下具有比分布式OS更好的性能,在杂波边缘环境中的性能则稍逊于分布式OS-CFAR。     

基于自动删除平均和单元平均的恒虚警检测器

为了增强恒虚警检测器的抗干扰性能,基于自动删除单元平均(ACCA)方法和单元平均(CA)方法,提出了一种新的恒虚警检测器(ACCAM-CFAR).它的前沿和后沿滑窗分别采用AOCA和CA方法产生两个局部估计,再对二者求和得到背景功率水平估计.与现有的CFAR检测器进行比较表明:该方法更为有效地利用了参考单元所提供的信息,具有更少的恒虚警损失.     

一种基于排序数据方差的恒虚警检测器

为了充分利用参考单元信息,减少恒虚警(CFAR)损失,基于有序统计(OS)方法和排序数据方差(ODV)方法提出一种新的恒虚警检测器(MOSODV),它的前沿和后沿滑窗分别采用OS和ODV产生2个局部估计,然后取二者之和作为背景功率水平估计.在Swerling II型目标假设下,推导出MOSODV在均匀背景下虚警概率的解析表达式,并与其他CFAR方法进行了比较.仿真结果表明,MOSODV在均匀背景及多目标环境中均具有较好的性能,而杂波边缘环境中,MOSODV也保持了比较好的虚警控制能力.     

一种基于方差的恒虚警算法

介绍了一种可执行自适应门限检测的恒虚警（CFAR）算法，它综合了著名的CA-CFAR，SO-CFAR和GO-CFAR处理方法，由参考滑窗口中的数据计算出二次均值即方差（VID），然后来选择恒虚警处理算法，VI-CFAR是可以根据参考窗动态适应背景的估计算法，它在均匀环境下具有优秀的CFAR性能和非均匀环境下的稳定性。     

基于实测数据的单元平均CFAR检测器性能分析

主要介绍了均值类CFAR算法中的3种经典算法在均匀杂波背景和多目标环境下采用仿真方法进行检测性能对比。在此基础上,基于导航雷达对海探测实测数据,对均值类CFAR检测器中最为经典的单元平均CFAR检测器进行性能分析与验证,为均值类CFAR检测器的使用提供参考。     

多传感器分布式融合检测自适应算法

多传感器融合检测系统的主要结构为分布并行式融合结构，贝叶斯融合检测策略则是分布式融合检测系统中最典型的一种融合方法。在该策略中必须给定假设的先验概率和各个传感器的虚警概率和漏检概率，而在实际应用中，这些统计量是未知的或者随时间变化的。文中给出一种分布式融合结构的自适应融合算法，可以在线自适应学习先验概率、虚警概率及漏检概率，从而利用融合算法解决决策融合问题。计算机仿真结果表明了算法自适应逼近传感器虚警概率和漏检概率的过程，及融合检测的有效性。     

一种改进的鲁棒恒虚警检测器

VI—CFAR是一种综合CA—CFAR、GO—CFAR和SO—CFAR优点的CFAR检测器．它在均匀环境具有较低的恒虚警损失．在非均匀环境具有较强的适应性。但是在前后滑窗均存在干扰目标情况下，SO-CFAR会受到干扰目标的影响，检测性能大为下降。为此．文中提出采用无偏最小方差估计（UMVE）算法替代SO，从而有效地提高VI—CFAR在多目标环境下的鲁棒性。计算机仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于分布式检测融合技术的水声信号检测方法

研究了分布式检测融合系统的最优检测问题.融合系统由融合中心及多部传感器构成.为了使系统性能达到最优,需要对融合中心的融合规则及各部传感器的判决规则进行全局最优化.文中给出了融合系统全局最优化的必要条件,并给出了求解系统全局最优解的数值迭代算法.仿真结果表明,采用该融合算法对分布式水声信号检测系统进行了优化,可有效提高系统的检测性能.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.