动压作用下乳化炸药减敏因素的实验探讨

利用水下爆炸测试系统,分别测试了两种动压作用方式下乳化炸药爆炸冲击波参数,并与未受压的乳化炸药的爆轰性能进行了对比,讨论了动压作用下敏化气泡载体的破坏和微观结构的变化对乳化炸药减敏程度的影响.实验结果表明,在这两种因素中,敏化气泡的破坏是主要因素.     

不同敏化气泡载体敏化的乳化炸药减敏压力研究

测量了直径30 cm高压聚乙烯水袋中冲击波压力衰减规律,利用线性回归方法得到水袋中冲击波衰减曲线为p=72.237(3(√)Q/R)1.240 9MPa.采用水袋法测试3种气泡载体敏化的乳化 炸药临界减敏压力和临界压死压力.研究结果表明:玻璃微球、化学气泡、膨胀珍珠岩敏化的乳化炸药临界减敏压力分别为134.66 MPa、99.83 MPa、27.13 MPa;临界压死压力分别为332.22 MPa、218.82 MPa和45.09 MPa.气泡载体不同,乳化炸药随压力增加的平均减敏速率不同,玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药最慢,化学气泡敏化的乳化炸药次之,膨胀珍珠岩敏化的乳化炸药最快.     

贮氢玻璃微球敏化乳化炸药的爆炸特性

为了提高传统乳化炸药的爆炸威力,研制了一种贮氢玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药。利用水下爆炸试验和猛度测试试验,研究了添加不同含量的贮氢玻璃微球的乳化炸药的爆轰性能。理论计算得到了炸药猛度的比冲量。结果表明,与普通玻璃微球乳化炸药相比,贮氢玻璃微球含量为4%的乳化炸药的冲击波超压峰值、比冲击波能、比气泡能、总能量分别提升了14.25%、14.22%、11.11%、12.67%,猛度(铅铸压缩量)提高了3.03 mm,且随着贮氢玻璃微球的含量的增加,炸药的冲击波参数逐渐降低。贮氢玻璃微球在乳化炸药中起到敏化剂与含能材料的双重作用,因此贮氢玻璃微球敏化乳化炸药的作功能力与猛度得到显著提高。     

敏化方式对MgH2型储氢乳化炸药爆轰性能的影响

为了研究敏化方式对MgH_2型储氢乳化炸药爆轰性能的影响,进行了两种储氢乳化炸药的水下爆炸和猛度测试实验。借助实验数据和理论分析,研究了MgH_2型储氢乳化炸药作功能力与猛度之间的关系,并对用比冲量表示炸药猛度的理论进行了修正。结果表明,在物理敏化和化学敏化的MgH_2型储氢乳化炸药中,MgH_2粉末分别起到含能添加剂和化学发泡剂的作用。与化学敏化相比,物理敏化的MgH_2型储氢乳化炸药比冲击波能、比气泡能和总能量分别下降了11.98%、5.38%和8.66%,但其猛度(铅柱压缩量)却提高了5.15 mm,说明敏化方式对MgH_2型储氢乳化炸药的作功能力和猛度具有显著影响。     

一种微乳液敏化剂的研制及应用研究

介绍了一种乳化炸药用微乳液敏化剂,并将其应用于岩石乳化炸药和车制乳化炸药的敏化,结果表明该敏化剂敏化速度快,单位体积内有效气泡数量多且分布均匀,还能有效降低基质的粘度,对车制乳化炸药的可泵送性具有很重要的意义.     

动压下组分结构变化与乳化炸药减敏关系研究

乳化炸药由乳化基质和敏化载体构成,采用水下爆炸测试方法对乳化基质在动压作用下的结构变化进行了实验研究,并对受压前后的乳化基质进行了显微观测。结果表明,敏化载体破坏和乳化基质微观结构发生变化是造成乳化炸药减敏的原因,其中敏化载体破坏是造成减敏的主要原因。对三种不同方式敏化的乳化炸药的抗压性能进行了测试,结果表明,玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药最好,化学发泡敏化的次之,膨胀珍珠岩敏化的最差,三者的临界减敏压力分别为134.66 MPa,99.83 MPa和27.13 MPa。     

动压作用下敏化剂对乳化炸药破乳程度的影响

利用电导率仪测量了玻璃微球和膨胀珍珠岩两种敏化剂敏化的乳化炸药在动压作用前后的电导率变化情况,用电导率的大小来表征乳化炸药的破乳程度,分析了敏化剂的种类和含量对乳化炸药破乳程度的影响.结果表明,在相同的动压作用下,乳化炸药的电导率随着敏化剂含量的增加而增大,对于相同敏化剂含量的乳化炸药来说,玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药的电导率小于膨胀珍珠岩敏化的乳化炸药,因此,玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药的抗动压性能优于膨胀珍珠岩敏化的乳化炸药,适当降低敏化剂的含量,可以降低乳化炸药的破乳程度,提高乳化炸药的抗动压性能.     

敏化温度对乳化炸药动压减敏程度的影响

为了研究敏化温度对乳化炸药动压减敏程度的影响,测试了在不同敏化温度下制得的乳化炸药在冲击波动压作用前后的水中冲击波参数,并将测试的数据进行计算.结果表明:乳化炸药的冲击波峰值和比冲击波能都有不同程度的减小,减敏的趋势相同;TA乳化炸药与TB乳化炸药在敏化温度分别为60℃、65℃时,减敏的程度最小.     

乳化剂种类与乳化炸药压力减敏关系研究

测量了含3种不同乳化剂的乳化炸药受冲击波作用前后的水中爆炸冲击波参数,依据这些参数计算出压力减敏程度.比较3种乳化炸药在冲击波作用后的压力减敏程度,结果表明在各个组分的含量和制造工艺完全相同的情况下,含有乳化剂B的乳化炸药最不容易发生压力减敏;此外,分析了乳化剂种类对乳化炸药压力减敏的影响机理,研究表明,除了敏化剂被破坏,局部破乳是乳化炸药压力减敏的重要原因.     

储氢材料在乳化炸药中的应用

乳化炸药具有安全、环保、稳定的特点,但爆炸威力较低,破岩效果不太理想。为了改善乳化炸药的爆炸性能,向乳化基质中添加储氢材料来提高乳化炸药的作功能力。通过水下爆炸实验和猛度测定实验,研究了两种储氢材料敏化的乳化炸药爆炸能量输出特性,并与玻璃微球敏化的传统乳化炸药进行比较。研究结果表明：储氢材料能够显著改善乳化炸药的爆炸特性,其中储氢材料A敏化的乳化炸药能量增加了32%,储氢材料B冲击波衰减时间增加了42%。储氢材料水解产生的物质产生的H2参与爆炸反应,因此其总输出能量会大于现有乳化炸药的输出能量。储氢材料在乳化炸药中起到了敏化剂和含能材料的双重作用,对新型乳化炸药设计具有指导意义。     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

An Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Machining of Microelectrode

Puts forward a new method in machining microelectrode by electro chemical machining （ECM） and plastic deformed theory. The procedure of this method is to machine the microelectrode according to the basic rule of ECM theory at first. Then, with the change of ECM machining parameters, one of the microelectrode ends is exerted by a load. As a result, the elastic and plastic deformation is produced at the machining section and the microelectrode diameter is reduced. It has been proved that the proposed method can determine the optimum machining parameters to machine the microelectrode of Cu.     

Unscented Kalman Filter for Autonomous Warship Attitude Determination

To address a problem of autonomous attitude determination algorithm using gravitational field and geomagnetic field observation, a new recursive optimization autonomous attitude estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on unscented Kalman fiher(UKF), and can synchronously provide the attitude rate information. The simulated results show that the measurement precision of the method could be increased by 2 times compared to that of the common methods.     

Error Coefficient Estimation of Inertial Platformin Its Calibration

The error coefficient estimation of inertial platform in the course of its consecutive ground calibration is studiedA separate-bias algorithm is adopted to estimate the error parameters effectively. The ill-conditioning problem of the equation solution caused by the huge state dimension is also resolved. And the simulation result shows its validity.