Al-LiH复合燃料制备及性能

为了提高铝粉燃烧效率,利用球磨法分别制备了质量含量为3%,5%,10%,15%的Al-LiH复合燃料。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、粒度仪对样品结构、形貌和粒径进行表征;采用差热-热重量热仪对其热氧化性能进行表征,最后采用CO₂激光点火装置、高速摄像机及氧弹量热仪对其燃烧性能进行考察。结果表明：通过球磨法可以将LiH嵌入Al粉内部,LiH含量是影响其微观形貌及粒径、粒径分布的关键因素,LiH的加入使得燃料质量热值增加,同时随着LiH含量的增加Al-LiH复合燃料燃烧火焰强度增强,点火延迟时间大幅降低。其中由于Al-LiH复合燃料在高温下发生了微爆现象,Al-3LiH和Al-10LiH复合燃料在一次氧化后分别实现第二次氧化。     

铝基微单元复合燃料在NEPE固体推进剂中的应用

为研究铝基微单元燃料在硝酸酯增塑聚醚（NEPE）固体推进剂中的应用性能,以自制的铝基微单元复合燃料（Al@AP）代替铝粉加入NEPE固体推进剂,以真空定容爆热试验、发动机试验、残渣活性铝测试、高速摄影、单向拉伸试验、工艺性能测试等手段研究了Al@AP对NEPE固体推进剂燃烧、力学、工艺等性能的影响;并对Al@AP在NEPE固体推进剂中的燃烧作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,以19.5%的Al@AP代替FLQT-3 Al后,NEPE固体推进剂的爆热由6039.4 J·g^-1提升至6924.8 J·g^-1,残渣量由28.91 g降至7.64 g,残渣活性铝含量由14.64%降至0.37%,残渣粒径d₅₀由94.12 μm降至24.21 μm,NEPE固体推进剂喷射效率提升,铝粉在燃面停留时间由55 ms缩短至40 ms,且无明显融联团聚现象,且Al@AP对推进剂的燃速、力学、工艺等性能基本无影响。     

固体推进剂中铝粉的燃烧行为

铝粉在固体推进剂燃烧环境中有燃面凝聚现象。铝凝团大小影响着铝粉的燃烧效率和发动机工作性能。铝粉凝团小,燃烧效率就高。推进剂配方和发动机工作状态对凝团大小有决定性影响。通过合理设计推进剂配方和发动机工作状态,可以控制凝团尺寸,进而提高铝粉的燃烧效率和发动机工作性能。     

铝基水反应活性材料制备及其性能研究

为提高铝粉与海水的反应效率和速率,在惰性氛围下,采用高能球磨法通过多次变速循环工艺制备得到了铝基水反应活性材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、比表面测试等分析表征材料的微观结构和氧化性能;采用自主设计的金属/水反应装置,实时记录铝基水反应金属材料与海水反应产生的氢气量,研究铝基水反应活性材料的活性。研究结果表明：高能球磨能提高铝基材料与海水的反应活性,铝粉经过球磨后反应效率达到原先的2倍;球磨过程中添加剂铋的添加能进一步提高铝基水反应材料的活性;反应总产率能够达到71.2%,其快速期氢气产生反应速率为210.7 mL/(min·g)。制备的铝基水反应活性材料在高能水反应金属燃料推进剂和制氢领域都具有应用价值。     

镁铝金属粉对含硼富燃推进剂燃烧性能及硼氧化效率的影响

为了确定镁铝金属粉对含硼富燃推进剂燃烧性能和硼氧化效率的影响,用靶线法测定三种配方含硼富燃推进剂在0.5,1.0,1.5 MPa三种压力条件下的燃速,采集相应的燃烧残渣,用化学分析法测定了三氧化二硼(B2O3)和总硼(B)含量,计算出硼的氧化效率。实验结果表明,镁粉含量对推进剂燃烧性能有明显影响。推进剂中B的含量为30%,并固定其他组分,金属粉含量为6%,改变镁粉和铝粉比例,镁粉0%,3%,6%,相应铝粉为6%,3%,0%。当镁粉含量较高时,推进剂燃速较高,压力指数也较高;镁粉含量低时,燃烧残渣中B2O3含量较高,而镁粉含量高时,燃烧残渣中B2O3含量较低;且随着压力的增高,残渣中B2O3的含量降低;硼的氧化效率随镁含量的增高和压力升高而降低。镁粉可抑制硼的氧化反应,使硼氧化效率降低,提高推进剂燃速和压力指数。     

超细铝粉对NEPE推进剂燃烧性能的影响

采用多种实验技术研究了级配铝粉（含超细）在NEPE推进剂中的燃烧特性，实验结果表明采用含超细的级配铝粉可以有效地改善NEPE推进剂的燃烧性能，提高铝燃烧效率。其原因在于超细铝粉有不同于普通铝粉的燃烧与热化学行为，它倾向于单颗粒燃烧，并且能大幅度提高推进剂热分解放热量。     

铝/改性氟橡胶复合燃料的制备及应用

为提高铝粉的燃烧效率,以自制的硅烷改性氟橡胶(FKM-GW)为包覆剂,采用溶胶凝胶法,制备了铝/改性氟橡胶复合燃料(FKM-GW@Al),研究了FKM-GW@Al在溶剂中的稳定性,以及不同氟含量的FKM-GW@Al对NEPE高能低燃速固体推进剂的影响.通过DSC-TG研究了FKM-GW@Al以及含FKM-GW@Al的推进剂的热分解性能,分析了FKM-GW@Al对推进剂燃烧性能的影响机制.结果表明具有功能性基团的FKM-GW@Al不易脱覆,在乙酸乙酯中的稳定性较强.与纯Al粉相比,含氟(质量分数)2.58％的FKM-GW@Al,使推进剂的爆热由6348.8 J·g-1提高至6831.6 J·g-1,残渣活性铝含量由1.02％降至0.06％,推进剂的静态燃速和动态燃速均降低.     

Al/HTPB含能复合粒子的制备及表征

为保护铝粉在固体火箭推进剂中的活性,增加超细铝粉与固体推进剂其它组分的相容性,以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)为包覆剂,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为固化剂,包覆了表面活化、粒径为2 μm左右的超细铝粉,制备了Al/HTPB含能复合粒子。研究了氨基硅烷偶联剂KH-550改性铝粉及包覆剂用量对包覆铝粉形貌和粒径的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、激光粒度仪、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA) 表征了 Al/HTPB复合粒子。结果表明:超细铝粉经KH-550改性且包覆剂用量为1.5%时,Al/HTPB含能复合粒子的包覆膜更均匀,低于400 ℃时,HTPB包覆层能防止铝粉的氧化,在400～525 ℃范围内HTPB能迅速燃烧,迅速释放出包覆的活性铝。     

燃料组分对含硼富燃料推进剂一次燃烧性能的影响

对含不同金属添加剂(镁、铝及镁铝合金)、不同硼粉粒度及硼粉含量的含硼富燃料推进剂分别进行了爆热(Qv)、燃烧温度(Tf)和成气率(η)测试,对比研究了金属组分对含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:镁比铝能提高含硼富燃料推进剂的爆热值、燃烧温度和成气率;镁铝合金比镁更能降低含硼富燃料推进剂爆热及燃烧温度,且提高推进剂燃烧的成气率;当硼粉粒度较粗或较细时,含硼富燃料推进剂的爆热及燃烧温度均较高,而成气率较低,硼粉粒度适中时,推进剂的爆热值及燃烧温度均较低,而成气率较高;硼粉含量增大(氧化剂AP的含量减小),含硼富燃料推进剂的爆热、成气率均降低,而燃烧温度升高。     

"外嵌内包"微结构的奥克托今/铝复合粒子制备及其应用性能

为改善铝粉在炸药爆轰过程中的动力学条件,采用喷雾包覆法制备奥克托今/铝（HMX/Al）复合粒子,并基于该粒子制备含铝炸药,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和红外光谱分别对HMX/Al复合粒子形貌、表面元素组成以及化学结构进行表征;通过机械感度、爆热、金属驱动和爆炸罐试验,研究HMX/Al复合粒子基含铝炸药的爆炸性能。结果表明：粒径为13 μm、未经酯类物质清洗及无氟橡胶2603（F2603）预包覆的铝粉有利于形成“外嵌内包”的微结构;HMX/Al复合粒子通过非键作用形成复合结构;制备工艺对撞击感度无显著影响,“外嵌内包”微结构可将HMX/Al复合粒子的摩擦感度由88%降低至12%;HMX/Al复合粒子基含铝炸药的爆热、驱动金属飞片的最大速度和后燃最高温度比传统含铝炸药分别提高5.5%、7.3%和6.4%,证明HMX/Al复合粒子可以使铝粉提前参与爆轰反应,提高铝粉反应完全性。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Overview of Anti-tank Mines

First the different anti-tank mines laying possibilities are shortly summarized： hand emplaced, with mine layers, ground or helicopter relatively topographical well defined, and with cluster systems of projectiles, rockets and aircraft dispensers. Then examples of the three generations of anti-tank mines are presented：Ⅰ generation： detonating only beneath the track; Ⅱ generation： detonating beneath the track and belly; Ⅲ generation： mines with off-route actions. Weight and cost comparisons are strongly favoring the off-route Ⅲ-generation mines.     

A Finite Element Analysis on Static Strength of a Complex Section

A static finite element analysis （FEA） of an impulsive controller section is presented. The boundary condition and a part of the loads are applied. Considering the grades of the stress around the holes being large, the dense grids are adjusted accordingly. Four cases with different loads are compared, thus the influences of different loads on the section are analyzed. Numerical results show that the maximum stress of the section is lower than the strength limit of the material, and the section will not be broken with the static loads.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Discussion on Mechanism of Breech-Blow Caused by Propellant Charge

From the view point of launch safety caused by fracture of propellant charge, this paper points out that the safety criterion of pressure wave is inadequate to evaluate the launch safety of propellant charge based on the initial negative differential pressure and sensitivity tests. Generally, the maximum barrel pressure does not depend upon the intensity of pressure wave correspondingly. The pressure wave intensity can not describe the fracture degree of propellant charge in chamber and reflect the mechanical environment of propellant charge fracturing exactly and wholly. The evaluation criterion for launch safety of propellant charge should be built on the basis of depicting the fracture degree of propellant bed.