轴对称型面喷管推力计算方法

为分析喷管内流场的变化,使用 1 维计算模型和基于 FLUENT 的 2 维计算模型对轴对称型面喷管的推力 进行计算,分析 2 种计算结果的差异。利用正交设计法,研究喷管的燃烧室压强、扩张角、扩张比、扩张段长度以 及燃气射流的黏度对喷管推力计算的影响。结果表明：推力差异与燃烧室压强近似线性关系;推力差异随着燃气黏 度的增加而增大;当初始扩张角越大、出口扩张角越小时,推力差异越小;推力差异随着扩张比、扩张段长度与喉 部半径比的增加先减小后增加;在低压、低黏度的情况下,1 维计算方法可用于喷管推力的计算,否则,2 维计算方 法更适合。     

双回转喷管式推力矢量控制的推力偏转技术研究

推力矢量控制是利用改变火箭或导弹的火箭发动机的推力文献来大幅度提高其机动性的技术，已经用于大型固体火箭发动机和部分小型战术导弹，随着对导弹机动性要求的提高，其应用范围不断扩大，为满足这种需要，研究了未来高机性导弹用推力矢量控制技术，结果证明，双回转喷管式推力矢量控制技术有如下优点：１）喷管偏转角与推力偏转角相等；２）偏转角在１０°以上仍可保持如上特征；３）推力转向时几乎没有推力损失。     

一种摆动喷管的流场和传热特性研究

针对某球窝式摆动喷管,采用两方程k-ε湍流模型,在摆动角度为0°和6°的情况下,对喷管内部流场进行三维数值计算;根据计算的流场,对喷管进行了传热数值模拟.分析了两种不同摆角对喷管内流场和热防护层的传热性能产生的影响.研究结果表明,该型喷管在小范围摆动时,喷管内流场变化较小,喷管入口处的流场发生偏转;喷管外壁面温度变化趋势基本保持一致,内壁面温度存在差异,喷管的热防护性能满足发动机的工作需求.     

计算带发动机喷流的导弹弹体底部压力的经验公式

给出了计算带发动机喷流的导弹弹体底部压力的经验公式,这些公式在马赫数M_∞=1.5～3.5,发动机喷流马赫数M_1=2.5,喷管出口平面扩张角β_1=0～20°,喷管出口直径D_i/D=0.6时适用。这些公式还可计算大的喷管出口直径对圆柱形弹体底部的压力影响。     

用特征线方法数值模拟喷管内的二维流场

用二维特征线方法数值模拟了固体火箭发动机喷管内的二维流场，通过流场积分计算出喷管的推力．在计算中采用的喷管母线是由喷管扩张段长度、扩张比、型面起始及终止扩张半角所确定的抛物线．计算表明，当喷管扩张段长度、扩张比、型面终止扩张半角一定时，具有不同起始扩张半角的喷管其推力也不同．     

固体火箭发动机射流推力矢量喷管气固两相流数值模拟

用颗粒轨道模型对基于激波控制的二维收缩扩张(2DCD)喷管中的气固两相流动进行了数值模拟,并与纯气相条件下的计算结果进行了对比分析,研究了1～40μm不同直径颗粒的运动轨迹和内流场参数的分布特征,并对矢量喷管的推力性能进行了研究。研究表明,颗粒相的加入和颗粒直径的变化对矢量喷管的内流场和推力性能都有较大影响。在进行射流推力矢量喷管的设计和性能计算时一定要考虑颗粒相的影响。     

非对称方形尾喷管内流场数值分析与推力特性研究

文中建立了非对称方形尾喷管及传统轴对称尾喷管的物理数学模型,基于N-S方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型,对两种尾喷管三维内流场进行了数值分析,研究了非对称方形尾喷管内部流动参数的变化趋势及其推力特性.结果表明:在相同收敛段、喷管长度和扩张比的条件下,两种喷管内的流动参数变化趋势一致与轴对称喷管相比,非对称方形尾喷管推力略低,但能够保证喷管的推力性能水平.     

固体火箭发动机喷管分离流动及其数值模拟

大面积比喷管在火箭发动机工作过程中可能产生流动分离的问题,为研究喷管流动分离对喷管性能的影响,利用计算流体力学软件CFX对某固体火箭发动机大面积比喷管内燃气分离流动进行数值模拟。计算出啧管在几种不同入口总压情况下的流场参数分布,显示分离流动会改变燃气内流场流动参数分布,进而会对喷管推力稳定性和热防护性产生不利影响。该研究能为进一步研究大面积比喷管设计提供参考。     

落压比对射流控制矢量喷管性能影响研究

文中利用数值模拟方法研究了落压比对射流控制矢量喷管流动和性能的影响,分析了喷管矢量角随落压比变化的机理。研究结果表明,随着落压比增大,矢量角减小;注气口下游分离区内的压力降低,上下壁面的压差减小,矢量角减小;喷管工作状态从过膨胀状态向欠膨胀状态转变,压差产生的推力越来越大,喷管的矢量角和气流偏转角相差越来越大,矢量角越来越小。     

锥型喷管总温、总压分布不均匀对推力偏心的影响

用特征面参数化方法数值模拟了喷管的非对称流场,研究了当总温、总压在喷管超声速段入口截面分布不均匀时,所引起的锥型喷管的推力偏心特性,得到了锥型喷管在不同扩张角和不同总温、总压分布时,喷管侧向推力分量沿轴向的变化及其零点位置在轴线上的分布规律．对微推偏喷管的设计具有重要参考价值．     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.