照明药柱及其制作方法

本发明涉及了用于诱弹的药柱和制作这类药柱的方法。更确切地说，本发明涉及了不需要使用炸药和不经济的凹槽生产药柱。     

主药柱密度分布均匀性测量与结果分析

运用水中失重法计算得出试验用标准弹主药柱的平均密度在轴向、周向、径向上的分布，结果表明，药柱的密度沿高度（轴向）具有明显的不均匀分布。针对该问题，通过改进双向压药工艺，提高压药密度及均匀性，改善聚能射流的汇聚效果，并与药型罩保持较高的同轴度，保障了破甲穿深的稳定性。     

使用半导体桥(SCB)点火的HMX和PETN药柱的点火及爆燃转爆轰特性

传统热桥丝点火的爆燃转爆轰(DDT)起爆器使用低密度炸药药柱。使用半导体桥SCB装置，我们证实了可靠的点火以及DDT转换用长的，充分封闭的，高密度的PETN药柱，优于低密度炸药柱之处包括在冲击压力输出上有显著的增加，消除输出药粒以及降低点火感度。使用HMX的最初试验指出：高密度的药柱将产生类似的结果。     

数字图像处理技术在药柱X射线无损探伤中的运用

以药柱（火箭、大弹等）为例，探讨以廉价的数字图像处理硬件及处理算法提高Ｘ射线无损探伤的准确性和精度的方法。     

熔黑梯炸药凝固过程的数值模拟与实验验证

为了解浇铸炸药的凝固过程,采用有限元法对熔黑梯炸药凝固过程中的温度场进行了模拟,并对凝固过程中可能产生的缩孔进行了预测.结果表明,熔黑梯炸药凝固过程中内外温差较大,中心位置附近的温度变化曲线在75 ℃左右存在拐点,在药柱中间位置将出现缩孔和缩松.另外还采用热电偶对熔黑梯炸药凝固过程中的温度变化进行了测试,采用工业CT对固化后的熔黑梯药柱内部质量进行了检测,并将数值模拟结果和实验测试结果进行了对比,结果表明有限元方法可以对熔黑梯炸药凝固过程进行有效模拟.     

二级炸药的快速激光点火和爆轰传递

在以前的研究中，曾通过热阻丝或激光二极管来点火，用二段式方法（two-stage approach)在二极炸药中实现了爆轰。在当前的研究中，我们又在脉冲式的、固体激光器（棒式）点火的条件下，对这一方法的细节进行了检查。在最初的一系列实验中，用Nd/Glass、Nd/YAG和Ti／蓝宝石激光器，对掺混了石墨的HMX，在高度封闭的、与一个快速的（fast)压电压力传感器结合在一起的光学装置中的点火状态进行了研究。实验参数包括激光功率与时间的关系以及炸药柱的长度。根据这些实验的结果进行了第二批实验，并在点火药柱的末端装了一个薄薄的保险片，这个保险片与低密度的HMX传爆药柱或其它类似的药剂组成的传爆药柱相接触。传爆药柱的安装了一个压电式“到达时间”探测器（time-of-arrival detector)，用来确定整体作用时间。对不同的激光源、保险片厚度和传爆药柱炸药特性等参数进行了研究。整个作用时间小于50微秒，对不同参数的研究表明，还能够进一步缩短作用时间。     

X射线法测定药柱的残余应力

叙述了药柱中残余应力产生的原因，介绍了残余应力的Ｘ射线测试方法及初步的测试结果。表明用Ｘ射线法测试药柱的残余应力，是一种可行的方法。     

烟火剂型底部排气药柱特性研究

文中用底部排气技术增程原理及实际试验数据分析烟火剂型底排药柱工程应用中需要重点检测的特性参数——静态燃烧时间的意义．利用试验数据分析计算药柱静态燃烧时间对满足射程可靠性的影响．通过分析药柱燃烧机理、物理特征量、试验数据、制造工艺、失效机理．查找影响底排装置固有可靠性的原因，从技术和管理层面提出确保底排药柱可靠性的措施。     

压力注装装药工艺在药柱生产中的应用

介绍了压力注装装药工艺的使用条件、理论依据、原理应发展情况。这种工艺可以提高大尺寸药柱的内在质量，药柱成型性好，而且密度分布均匀，工艺过程短。对改进装药工艺来讲，有一定的参考价值。     

三组元推进剂动力系统固体药柱技术研究

对采用的星型结构药柱进行了内弹道计算和燃温理论计算，通过试验测定了药柱的燃烧温度，解决了包括药柱配方选择，药型选择，燃温控制，结块控制及包覆层设计等技术关键及难点，通过试验验证了设计效果。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.