考虑靶背自由面效应的中等厚度混凝土介质侵彻工程模型

为评估弹丸侵彻和贯穿中等厚度混凝土介质的能力,在半无限混凝土介质靶体侵彻模型的基础上,考虑混凝土靶背自由面效应,通过构造基于混凝土靶背自由面位置相关的阻力衰减函数,修正弹丸侵彻半无限混凝土靶体的侵彻阻力,建立可以快速预测弹丸侵彻混凝土介质的侵彻深度、贯穿速度和侵彻过载等物理量的工程计算模型。模型中加入混凝土冲塞判据,修正了弹丸临界贯穿情况下的弹丸侵彻阻力,可以预测混凝土靶背发生剪切冲塞现象。用模型对低速(650 m/s)和高速(1 100 m/s)两种侵彻速度弹丸侵彻不同厚度C40混凝土靶板试验工况进行计算,计算结果显示弹丸剩余速度计算值与试验结果绝对值误差小于22.1%,弹丸过载与仿真过载峰值误差小于4.4%; 模型对不同侵彻速度下的有限厚度混凝土靶的临界贯穿厚度进行预测,与NDRC经验公式计算结果对比发现本文模型具有更好的计算精度和速度适应范围。     

弹炮运动方程的建立及应用

本文给出了弹丸膛内运动方程和身管横向振动方程，对弹丸前定心部与膛壁的碰撞及前定心部紧贴膛壁时弹丸的运动特征作了深入的研究。给出了弹炮相互作用模型——耦合模型的计算方法，并对某弹炮系统进行了分析计算得到了一系列结论。     

金属靶板扩孔冲塞穿孔弹头临界锥角分析

研究了刚性锥头弹垂直贯穿金属靶板扩孔冲塞型穿孔模式,在理想弹塑性材料两阶段工程模型的基础上,考虑靶板为硬化材料,得到扩孔冲塞型穿孔弹头临界半锥角及相应的弹道极限.分析了弹头长度、弹丸质量和靶板材料参数对临界半锥角的影响.计算结果与已有试验结果吻合较好.     

基于FLUENT软件和内弹道模型双向耦合的超高射频火炮发射过程模拟

弹头阻力计算的准确性直接决定了超高射频火炮内弹道数值模拟的准确性。为了提高超高射频火炮内弹道过程数值模拟的准确性,利用二次开发工具UDF将FLUENT软件和经典内弹道（CIB）模型双向耦合计算超高射频火炮弹前流场,得到了超高射频火炮发射过程中第2发弹丸的弹头阻力,分析了不同射击频率下弹头阻力的变化规律。结果表明：FLUENT-CIB模型双向耦合计算能够得到弹前身管内火药气体各个时刻的流场分布,提高了弹头阻力计算的准确性;弹头阻力在弹丸启动后很快由减小变成增大,增大到某个极大值后又逐渐减小,直到弹丸出炮口,这个变化规律在不同射击频率下普遍存在;射频降低,在弹丸运动前期弹头阻力增幅减小,在弹丸运动后期弹头阻力降幅也减小。弹头阻力计算的准确性直接决定了超高射频火炮内弹道数值模拟的准确性。为了提高超高射频火炮内弹道过程数值模拟的准确性,利用二次开发工具UDF将FLUENT软件和经典内弹道（CIB）模型双向耦合计算超高射频火炮弹前流场,得到了超高射频火炮发射过程中第2发弹丸的弹头阻力,分析了不同射击频率下弹头阻力的变化规律。结果表明：FLUENT-CIB模型双向耦合计算能够得到弹前身管内火药气体各个时刻的流场分布,提高了弹头阻力计算的准确性;弹头阻力在弹丸启动后很快由减小变成增大,增大到某个极大值后又逐渐减小,直到弹丸出炮口,这个变化规律在不同射击频率下普遍存在;射频降低,在弹丸运动前期弹头阻力增幅减小,在弹丸运动后期弹头阻力降幅也减小。     

助推钻地弹侵彻混凝土靶研究

应用助推技术是提高钻地弹侵彻能力的重要手段.该文应用弹丸侵彻混凝土靶理论,对弹丸侵彻混凝土时所受阻力进行分析,得到影响弹丸侵彻阻力的因素,并对助推钻地弹的侵彻运动过程进行研究.分析了不同助推条件下弹丸侵彻混凝土靶的效率,得出助推钻地弹侵彻效率与撞击速度、助推条件的关系.不同的弹丸撞击速度应采用不同的助推方式以提高钻地弹的侵彻深度.     

穿爆弹体尺寸效应的数值分析

通过测量35CrMnSi弹钢的静态拉伸性能,获得了材料从2.5mm到28mm不同直径试样的屈服强度,然后采用动力有限元计算的方法计算了直径比在10∶1以上弹丸侵彻钢装甲时的侵彻性能.结果发现,有尺寸效应后,弹体与靶板相互作用时不符合几何相似性.     

配筋对弹丸致偏效应的二维模型

从刚性弹侵彻半无限靶板的理论出发,假设弹丸与钢筋仅在接触点发生相互作用,将问题简化为接触点在阻尼介质中受冲击荷载作用下的动力响应问题,建立了配筋对弹丸致偏效应的二维简化模型,模型结果与试验有较好的一致性.利用模型分析了不同配筋位置在不同着靶速度情况下的弹丸致偏效应规律.     

射表编拟中弹丸气动力特性数值模拟技术

为求解射表编拟中弹道计算所需的弹丸空气动力系数,采用有限容积法求解N-S方程、S-A湍流模型并考虑具体边界条件,借助FLUENT模拟弹丸外流场.对某型榴弹实现了流场模拟,得到了攻角为0°、4°、8°和马赫数为0.6~2.1时的弹丸阻力系数、升力系数、俯仰力矩系数.通过该弹气动力系数数值模拟计算值与雷达数据提取值、工程计算值、纸靶试验值进行比较,表明数值模拟得到的曲线规律较好.在此基础上,采用阻力、升力符合系数修正方法,实现了数值结果在射表编拟中的应用,且精度满足射表编拟等弹道计算应用的需要.     

弹丸对混凝土板侵彻的MCA方法数值模拟

根据非均匀材料的细观特征，从运动学的基本原理出发，推导出适于高速侵彻的移动元胞自动机法的计算模型．在模型中采用了位移、应力、体积应变等三个破坏准则。应用该模型对弹丸以不同速度侵彻混凝土靶的破坏过程进行数值模拟．给出弹靶的破坏变形过程．得到了侵彻深度与速度的关系曲线。并将弹丸侵彻混凝土的计算结果与Forrestal经验公式计算和试验结果进行对比．吻合较好．说明该计算方法可以有效地计算和模拟高速侵彻问题。     

考虑侵蚀效应的卵形弹丸侵彻混凝土介质模型研究

建立同时考虑弹丸质量损失和头部钝化的迭代计算模型,在弹体和靶体参数已知的条件下可以预测侵彻深度、质量损失、头部形状变化以及过载等侵彻相关物理量。通过对侵彻实验数据的验证分析,提出了一种考虑混凝土骨料硬度与弹体材料硬度比值的侵蚀修正系数,修正后的模型对侵蚀的计算精度增加明显。在修正后的模型基础上,对常用的Forrestal经验阻力公式中的静态阻力项进行修正,新的静态阻力项更加精确地反映了有侵蚀效应的弹丸侵彻混凝土的静态阻力。实验和模型对比发现:骨料硬度和弹体硬度的比值与弹丸质量损失率呈线性关系。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.