电偶腐蚀的影响因素研究

以2A12/45和2A12/40CrNiMoA为研究对象,采用电偶腐蚀实验方法系统研究了溶液浓度、pH值以及材料特性和外力等因素对电偶腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:pH值不变,随着溶液浓度的升高,两个偶对的电偶电流密度增大;溶液浓度不变,随着溶液pH值的降低,两个偶对的电偶电流密度增大;从腐蚀形态来看,不同浓度下2A12表面的腐蚀形态主要是不均匀的点蚀,pH=2时为均匀腐蚀,而在pH=4和pH=7时为局部的点蚀;应力的变化不仅对电偶电流密度有明显影响,而且承受的应力水平增大,电偶电流密度增加,电偶腐蚀敏感性提高,无应力时,作为阳极的2A12铝合金表面的腐蚀形式是局部的点蚀,且腐蚀产物附着在金属表面,当外加应力增加到75%σs时2A12铝合金表面腐蚀明显加剧,且随着腐蚀产物的脱落,局部区域出现较大的蚀坑。     

钢-铝爆炸复合接头材料的腐蚀与防护

研究了Q2 35钢 -铝合金爆炸复合接头在 3 5 %NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特性。结果表明 ,复合接头区在 3.5 %NaCl溶液中发生了电偶腐蚀 ,加速了铝合金的腐蚀破坏。这类腐蚀过程较为复杂 ,接头区存在电偶腐蚀 ,由于爆炸时强大的冲击力使得复合接头区的组织发生强烈的塑性变形和熔化 ,导致该区组织在物理、力学、电化学等方面的不均匀性 ,使得腐蚀情况更为严重 ,发生电偶腐蚀和晶间腐蚀。针对这类腐蚀 ,提出了保护措施     

NaCl介质中AZ31镁合金的动态电化学腐蚀行为研究

通过自腐蚀电位、电化学阻抗谱以及介质pH值测量研究AZ31镁合金在3.5%NaCl介质中的动态腐蚀行为,用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对腐蚀形貌进行观察,讨论AZ31镁合金的腐蚀机理。结果表明:AZ31镁合金在3.5%NaCl介质中的耐蚀性能较差;腐蚀从局部区域开始,初期以点蚀为主要特征;由于Mg(OH)2等腐蚀产物结构松散、分布不均匀,不能有效阻止腐蚀的发展,致使镁合金表面在较短时间内被严重破坏。     

腐蚀缺陷对921A钢力学-电化学性能的影响

针对目前舰船腐蚀电场方面的研究没有考虑舰船在服役环境中因应力应变造成腐蚀加剧的问题,基于金属/溶液的力学-电化学耦合模型,推导应力应变条件下腐蚀缺陷深度和缺陷宽度对舰船921A钢壳体及溶液应力分布,腐蚀电位、电流密度以及腐蚀电场影响规律的理论表达式,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对耦合模型开展仿真计算。研究结果表明：腐蚀缺陷深度越大或者缺陷宽度越小,腐蚀缺陷处的应力集中越明显;溶液中的电位差随着缺陷深度的增大而增大,金属/溶液界面的腐蚀电位随着缺陷深度的增大而急剧负移,而腐蚀电位随着缺陷宽度的减小小幅负移;缺陷深度对阳极电流密度、阴极电流密度和净电流密度的影响均大于缺陷宽度,缺陷两端点的净电流密度为负;电场模量随着缺陷深度的增大而逐渐增大,随着缺陷宽度的增大而逐渐减小。     

Cu-SiC纳米复合镀层制备工艺研究

采用机械搅拌-电沉积方法,在45钢基体表面制备Cu-SiC纳米复合镀层。利用扫描电镜和摩擦磨损试验机研究机械搅拌速率、电流密度、SiC粒子质量浓度以及pH值等因素对Cu-SiC纳米复合镀层耐磨性能的影响及规律。结果表明,Cu-SiC纳米复合镀层的最佳制备工艺参数为:搅拌速率300 r/min,阴极电流密度4 A/dm2,镀液中SiC粒子的浓度4 g/L,pH值3.5~4.5。     

钢质焊接药筒长贮性能研究

钢质焊接药筒的大量使用,其长贮性能引起人们广泛关注.通过其典型自然环境下的贮存和户外暴露试验,以及实验室条件下的光老化、热老化、盐雾试验、应力腐蚀试验等,研究了其腐蚀、焊缝应力腐蚀与电偶腐蚀、表面防蚀工艺等.得出了钢质焊接药筒在长贮条件下对应力腐蚀、电偶腐蚀等局部腐蚀不敏感,药筒制造工艺、涂装工艺合理,具有良好的长贮性能的结论.     

X120钢在含SO42-的NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为研究

采用静态电化学测试技术,并结合失重法、扫描电镜等分析手段,研究X120管线钢在含Cl-与SO_4~(2-)离子溶液中的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌及腐蚀产物膜层特性。结果表明:X120钢在各测试溶液中均表现为活性溶解特征,随着Na Cl溶液中SO_4~(2-)浓度的增加,腐蚀速率呈先增大后减小的趋势;当SO_4~(2-)的浓度为0.1 mol/dm3时,极化电阻最小,X120钢均匀腐蚀最严重,当SO_4~(2-)的浓度为1.0 mol/dm3时,腐蚀反应严重受阻,金属表面腐蚀现象得到明改善。膜层观察结果表明:SO_4~(2-)浓度会影响膜层的形成,当浸泡介质中SO_4~(2-)浓度由0.1 mol/dm3增至1.0 mol/dm3时,对应基体表面的腐蚀产物不断积累,膜层致密性增加,对基体的保护作用增强。     

基于RBF神经网络的Ni-TiN纳米镀层腐蚀速率预测研究

采用电沉积法在T8钢试样表面制备Ni-TiN纳米镀层,在正交试验基础上,通过RBF神经网络对Ni-TiN纳米镀层的腐蚀速率进行预测研究。利用原子力显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对镀层腐蚀前后的表面形貌及镀层物相组成进行分析。结果表明:当TiN粒子质量浓度为9 g/L、镀液温度为40℃、电流密度为0.6 A/dm~2时,RBF神经网络预测的腐蚀速率为3.152 mg/m~2·h,而实测值为3.163 mg/m~2·h,相对误差仅为0.35%;镀层表面较平整,颗粒较细小。腐蚀实验后,镀层的腐蚀坑较小且无明显腐蚀产物,耐腐蚀性能良好。     

压电引信大着角发火性数值仿真方法

针对压电触发引信大着角对靶射击试验瞎火原因难以分析的问题,提出了压电触发引信大着角发火正确性的数值仿真方法。通过比较仿真得到的压电晶体上不同位置处压电晶体单元的法向应力峰值平均值和等效综合应力峰值平均值来对压电触发引信大着角发火正确性进行判断。随着着角的增大,压电晶体表面应力值呈现逐渐减小的趋势,与理论分析结果一致,该方法可行。铝合金头部锥角变化对压电晶体应力影响较大,引信头部最优锥角为100°;采用7A04铝合金代替2A12铝合金作为引信头材料可以使大着角碰击目标时压电晶体表面的碰靶应力至少增大30%以上,进而可提高引信的发火正确性。     

三元复合驱溶液组分对P110钢腐蚀电化学性能的影响

采用电化学工作站测试P110油管钢在强碱(NaOH)三元复合驱(ASP)溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,研究ASP中不同组分、不同含量对P110钢腐蚀行为的影响,用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对P110钢在ASP溶液中静态浸泡后的腐蚀形貌进行分析。结果表明,在实验条件下,P110钢在ASP、AS、A、AP溶液中,腐蚀速率依次增大。在实验浓度内,P110钢在强碱ASP溶液中钢表面形成保护性良好的钝化膜,耐蚀性随碱含量的增加而增加。加入表面活性剂起到抑制P110钢腐蚀的作用,且抑制作用随加入量增加而增强。加入聚丙烯酰胺后,耐蚀性随浓度的增加呈现先增加后下降趋势。经80℃在ASP溶液中静态浸泡20 d后,P110钢主要发生均匀腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为Fe(OH)3、FeCO3、Fe2O3。     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

An Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Machining of Microelectrode

Puts forward a new method in machining microelectrode by electro chemical machining （ECM） and plastic deformed theory. The procedure of this method is to machine the microelectrode according to the basic rule of ECM theory at first. Then, with the change of ECM machining parameters, one of the microelectrode ends is exerted by a load. As a result, the elastic and plastic deformation is produced at the machining section and the microelectrode diameter is reduced. It has been proved that the proposed method can determine the optimum machining parameters to machine the microelectrode of Cu.     

Unscented Kalman Filter for Autonomous Warship Attitude Determination

To address a problem of autonomous attitude determination algorithm using gravitational field and geomagnetic field observation, a new recursive optimization autonomous attitude estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on unscented Kalman fiher(UKF), and can synchronously provide the attitude rate information. The simulated results show that the measurement precision of the method could be increased by 2 times compared to that of the common methods.     

Error Coefficient Estimation of Inertial Platformin Its Calibration

The error coefficient estimation of inertial platform in the course of its consecutive ground calibration is studiedA separate-bias algorithm is adopted to estimate the error parameters effectively. The ill-conditioning problem of the equation solution caused by the huge state dimension is also resolved. And the simulation result shows its validity.