导弹过载及摆动对喷管内两相流场影响的数值分析

计算分析了喷管的摆动角度以及过载对喷管内两相流动的影响。计算表明：（1）喷管摆动角度对喷管内粒子分布的影响比过载的影响大得多。（2）喷管摆动的情况下，粒子在壁面的聚集现象变得非常明显，摆动角度越大，聚集得越厉害，壁面上粒子的浓度分布呈现双峰分布。（3）当喷管的摆动方向和过载的方向相反时，在一定程度上，二者的影响会相互抵消。（4）粒子作用对喷管收敛段热防护影响很大，但对喷管扩散段影响较小。     

某两侧进气固冲发动机补燃室沉积研究

采用纯气相燃烧模型对某两侧进气固冲发动机补燃室内流场进行了数值模拟,根据流线图对补燃室内的沉积分布进行了预测,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,该构型固冲发动机补燃室内的沉积主要集中在进气道对称平面的补燃室壁面及冲压喷管收敛段,补燃室头部也有部分沉积;补燃室内的沉积包括一次燃烧产物中未燃烧完全的凝相粒子和二次燃烧产物冷凝形成的凝相粒子;采用纯气相模拟可以对该构型的补燃室沉积分布情况进行定性预测。     

过载对固体火箭发动机影响的研究

通过发动机的地面旋转过载试验,获得了在旋转过载条件下固体火箭发动机的性能曲线及绝热层的烧蚀率,经与地面静止点火试验数据对比分析后认为:降低推进剂的铝粉含量,可以减轻粒子流对绝热层的烧蚀、冲刷作用;同时优化喷管型面,可以减少粒子沉积,减轻粒子流对喷管的烧蚀冲刷作用。     

斜切喷管火箭发动机燃气射流流场特性研究

为了研究斜切喷管发动机的燃气射流流场特性,采用有限体积法数值求解非定常可压缩N-S方程,对不同喷管角度、不同海拔高度以及不同燃气温度条件下的发动机斜切喷管燃气射流流场特性进行数值模拟研究。结果表明:由于斜切喷管不对称外伸壁面的存在,导致喷管燃气射流流场不再对称; 喷管壁面不对称程度越大,则喷管燃气射流偏转与扩张角度越大; 随着海拔高度的增加,燃气流场核心区域与燃气射流的影响范围、以及射流偏转角度不断增大,但射流核心区域的波节数将不断减小; 此外,燃气温度变化,对喷管流场压强分布影响较小,但对流场速度值影响较大; 燃气温度越高,则喷管出口排气速度越大,致使喷管射流流场的燃气动能越大。     

柔性喷管SRM三维两相内流场数值模拟

针对柔性喷管固体火箭发动机的复杂多相流数值计算问题,基于Euler-Lagrange方法,应用k-ωSST湍流模型和颗粒轨道模型,建立了气固两相三维内流场计算模型。分析了发动机内部压强和温度场、燃气和粒子速度场、固相粒子沉积浓度和颗粒运动轨迹;重点分析了喷管无摆动和摆动5°状态下的发动机内流场变化特性。研究表明:2种工况下的燃烧室平均压强、温度场及喷管出口速度变化幅度较小,但对喷管柔性连接缝内的流场速度影响较大,固相粒子最大沉积率产生于发动机后封头的绝热层内壁;喷管无摆动时,柔性连接缝内的粒子沉积率较低,随着喷管摆动幅度增加,粒子沉积浓度大幅度升高。     

喷管对脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰噪声影响的实验研究

喷管不但可以增加脉冲爆轰发动机推力,而且对脉冲爆轰发动机噪声的形成与传播也具有重要作用。为探索脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰噪声形成机理及控制技术,搭建了脉冲爆轰发动机噪声测试实验系统,在不同位置不同角度对3种不同类型喷管的脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰噪声特性进行了研究。研究结果表明,收敛扩张喷管对于减小脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰噪声幅值作用最为明显,在0°方向3 000 mm处可以达到77.13%的降幅;对于收敛喷管,收敛角度越大指向性越明显,而扩张和收敛扩张喷管的喷管出口面积越大指向性越不明显;喉部直径48 mm的收敛扩张喷管与管口直径280 mm和320 mm的扩张喷管对参考半径影响最为显著,参考半径由1 600 mm减小至800 mm. 研究结果对于爆轰噪声机理研究以及脉冲爆轰发动机工程化应用具有重要参考意义。     

气体二次喷射矢量喷管混合流场数值模拟

采用二维雷诺平均方程和κ-ε湍流模型对气体二次喷射矢量喷管复杂干扰内流场进行数值模拟。空间上采用二阶迎风格式进行耦合求解，时间上采用显式Runge-Kutta方法进行迭代推进．直至流场收敛。数值模拟得到矢量喷管二次射流的激波系结构．以及复杂的主／次流干扰流动图像。二次喷射流场包含复杂的涡系结构和波系结构，还存在着边界层与激波的相互干扰、自由剪切层、激波、膨胀波和大尺寸分离。数值模拟还表明，二次冷喷流对喷管扩散段出口附近壁面有非常明显的冷却作用。     

烧蚀台阶现象及对喷管性能的影响分析

喷管内型面由不同材料对接而成,对接面处不可避免地会出现烧蚀台阶。本文对喷管的烧蚀台阶现象进行分析,说明了烧蚀台阶的成因和不利影响;对台阶对局部流场的影响进行仿真,展示了不同尺度的涡流现象;对不同台阶位置和深度时的喷管内流场进行计算,分析了其对喷管性能的影响。计算结果表明喉衬后缘的大尺寸烧蚀台阶对喷管性能影响很大,必须在喷管设计中予以避免。     

国外固液发动机喷管用烧蚀材料试验研究

本文论述了国外对固液发动机喷管用烧蚀材料的烧蚀机理的研究，以及碳／酚醛，二乳化硅／酚醛，碳／碳的测试与分析，结果表明分析测试方法对喷管设计是有效的，由于燃烧产物的影响，同种材料在固液发动机中的烧蚀率要高于固体发动机。     

喷管摆动对固体火箭发动机内两相流动的影响

采用颗粒轨道模型（欧拉-拉格朗日模型）以及分区网格技术，对带潜入式摆动喷管的固体火箭发动机中的三维两相流动进行了一体化数值模拟，得出以下结论：凝聚相的存在对发动机中的两相流动有明显的影响，喷管中粒子浓度高的区域速度低，温度高；喷管的摆动造成发动机后翼槽内流动的不对称，并对发动机的性能造成明显的损失，当喷管摆动到一定角度时候,喷管摆向一侧的后翼槽内出现漩涡；喷管的摆动影响发动机后翼槽内以及壁面上粒子浓度的分布。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.