鸭舵位置参数对弹箭滚转特性的影响

采用数值模拟方法,研究了一尾翼固定的鸭式布局弹箭舵尾间距以及鸭舵安装位置对滚转特性的影响。分析了其流场特性与气动特性,结果显示,固定尾翼鸭式布局弹箭的舵尾间距对滚转控制特性有较大的影响,且舵尾间距越小,鸭舵下洗诱导尾翼产生反向滚转力矩越大,鸭舵滚转控制效率越低; 鸭舵安装位置对滚转特性亦有较大的影响,安装在圆柱段上较安装在圆锥段上,其滚转力矩系数在跨音速得到提升,在亚音速和低超音速都有所下降,超音速时几乎不变。     

旋转体制下鸭式布局弹箭正弦打舵气动特性分析

为了研究鸭式布局弹箭正弦打舵滚转控制时非对称姿态飞行的气动特性,根据滚转周期内的飞行姿态建立了4组模型,进行风洞实验,得到全弹的气动力变化规律; 采用基于三维Navier-Stokes方程求解的时空二阶精度的隐式迭代算法,建立数值计算模型,对流场进行数值模拟,得到不同攻角下飞行时的弹箭各部件气动力数据。结果表明数值模拟气动力数据与风洞实验结果有相似的变化规律。采用后处理软件分析了鸭舵下洗对尾翼的影响,得到结论:鸭式布局弹箭鸭舵洗流对尾翼干扰明显,非对称姿态下鸭舵对尾翼的洗流会使弹箭产生诱导滚转力矩,且该滚转力矩随攻角增大而增大。     

鸭舵后掠角对火箭弹尾翼的滚转性能研究

根据具有较大翼面的鸭式布局火箭弹难以进行滚转控制的特性,文中采用数值流体力学分析手段,建立鸭式布局火箭弹外流场模型,仿真分析了鸭舵滚转效应产生机理、鸭舵下洗对尾翼气动耦合规律以及后掠角对火箭弹滚转性能的影响.仿真结果表明由于鸭舵下洗作用,在尾翼上诱导出一个舵控方向相反的滚转力距,使滚转控制能力降低甚至反效;在后缘后掠角x≠0°时,随着后缘后掠角的减小火箭弹的滚转控制能力基本不变.     

制导炮弹滚转控制系统设计

某鸭式布局的制导炮弹,采用自旋尾翼的方式可实现鸭舵对弹体的滚转控制。基于小扰动假设推导出制导弹滚转运动的扰动方程,分析了滚转运动特性及鸭舵偏转对滚转运动的影响,建立了相应的滚转运动稳定回路模型,回路中滚转控制用比例微分(PD)控制方式来实现。采用Matlab/Simlink软件建立了制导弹滚转控制的仿真模型,根据系统的性能要求用Simulink中的Simulink Response Optimization模块对控制系统进行了优化设计。结果显示弹体滚转位置0.2s可以控制到位,设计结果较好地满足了滚转控制系统品质指标的要求。     

旋转尾翼鸭式布局导弹数值模拟

通过数值方法求解三维非定常N-S方程组,对旋转尾翼鸭式布局导弹绕流流场进行了数值模拟。研究了时间步长、旋转角速度对导弹气动特性的影响,并比较了与准定常计算结果的差异,重点分析了尾翼旋转的滚转控制特性。数值计算结果表明:尾翼旋转对纵向气动特性影响较小,对横向气动特性影响较大,滚转力矩随转速的增大而增大;尾翼旋转可以有效提高鸭式布局导弹的滚转控制能力。     

简控火箭弹舵翼气动干扰特性研究

为了研究固定鸭舵简控火箭弹舵翼气动干扰特性,在验证数值方法适用性和可靠性的基础上,采用数值模拟方法对该弹气动特性进行仿真分析。计算得到不同弹长和不同舵翼相对夹角(鸭舵组件反旋角)工况下由鸭舵和尾翼产生的空气动力参数,仿真获得火箭弹外流场压力分布。研究分析了弹体长径比和舵翼相对夹角对鸭舵和尾翼气动特性的影响规律。结果表明:鸭舵与尾翼之间的气动干扰受弹体长径比影响,当弹体长径比达到一定数值时鸭舵对尾翼的气动干扰消失,且这种舵翼气动干扰特性对不同舵翼相对夹角情况同样适用; 研究结果可用于简化固定鸭舵火箭弹气动特性的研究方法,提高火箭弹气动外形设计效率。     

固定鸭舵双旋火箭弹超声速侧向气动特性

为研究加装了固定鸭舵修正组件的双旋火箭弹的气动特性,采用ANSYS Fluent软件计算弹体周围流场,采用滑移网格方法模拟弹箭旋转运动,在验证数值方法的基础上,对超声速下无鸭舵、鸭舵修正组件不旋和鸭舵修正组件反旋3种状态的双旋火箭弹进行数值模拟,重点分析了鸭舵修正组件对全弹和部件侧向力的影响。计算结果表明:加装鸭舵修正组件后,全弹阻力系数和法向力系数增加,侧向力系数随攻角大幅增加; 弹体侧向力受鸭舵的影响最大,也是全弹侧向力的主要组成部分,尾翼次之,修正组件产生的侧向力最小; 加装修正组件后,鸭舵尾涡与弹体体涡相互干扰是弹体和尾翼侧向力增加的主要原因。     

简易制导弹滚转控制研究

研究了鸭式布局简易制导弹的滚转控制方案,在对固定尾翼弹滚转控制进行分析的基础上提出了一种自适应式自旋尾翼设计方案,实现了可根据转速自适应改变尾翼滚转控制方式的结构布局。分析了自适应自旋尾翼自动解锁的原理与可行性,通过对固定尾翼与自旋尾翼滚转气动特性进行比较,表明了用鸭舵可实现对自旋尾翼弹滚转的有效控制。对全弹道进行了弹体转速的仿真计算,得到了理想的滚转控制性能。     

旋转稳定二维修正弹鸭舵法向力计算模型研究

为了研究修正组件滚转条件下二维修正弹鸭舵的法向气动力非线性规律,建立了鸭舵坐标系,考虑弹丸攻角、舵偏角、弹丸运动和迎风区与背风区等影响因素,采用多元泰勒展开理论,建立了动态鸭舵法向力计算模型; 采用数值计算分析了不同攻角、舵偏角组合的鸭舵法向力特性,得到了不同舵偏角下鸭舵法向力随攻角的变化规律,分析了滚转条件下舵偏角和攻角对4个鸭舵法向力系数的影响规律。结果表明:鸭舵法向力计算模型的计算结果与数值计算结果吻合较好,该模型为二维修正弹的气动力计算提供了参考。     

含尾翼张开运动的膛口流场三维数值模拟

带尾翼稳定装置的弹丸,尾翼在张开过程中会受到膛口流场的强烈扰动,导致尾翼结构变形甚至损坏,致使弹丸不能正常飞行.因此有必要对含尾翼弹丸的膛口流场进行数值模拟分析.运用三维N-S方程结合FLUENT局部重构法,对弹丸飞出制退器以及尾翼张开过程的膛口流场进行数值模拟和分析;根据数值仿真结果分析了膛口流场对尾翼受力状况和运动状态的影响;所得结论对研究膛口气流流动,尾翼的结构设计及后效期有效张开具有一定参考意义.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.