二阶滑模控制算法在滑翔增程弹中的应用研究

滑翔增程是目前采用的较为有效的一种弹箭增程技术,对滑翔增程弹进行控制,就要使弹丸在飞行过程中,能够尽可能地跟踪方案弹道。利用无陀螺捷联惯性测量装置,实时解算弹丸滑翔飞行过程中的实际飞行姿态和弹道参数,与方案弹道中的理想飞行参数进行比较,其偏差信号构成控制指令。将增程弹的弹道分为升弧段和降弧段:升弧段为无控飞行;降弧段采用二阶滑模控制算法设计控制器。通过鸭式舵控制弹丸飞行实现增程,获得了较高的指令跟踪性能,对滑翔增程弹的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

求解滑翔增程弹较优舵偏角方法

文中阐述了滑翔增程弹的飞行过程,建立了滑翔弹在纵向平面内的弹道模型,分别采用序列二次规划法和最大升阻比法,对俯仰舵面的较佳控制过程进行了分析,仿真计算表明,序列二次规划法优化得到的俯仰舵偏角规律较优,适用于滑翔增程弹求解俯仰舵偏角的后期优化工作;最大升阻比法所求得的俯仰舵偏角规律较差,但其方法及求解过程简单,适用于滑翔增程弹前期的论证工作.     

滑翔增程弹箭滑控段弹体运动模式对增程效率的影响

增程技术是弹箭技术重点发展方向之一,而滑翔增程是目前采用的较为有效的ー种弹箭增程技术。阐述了滑翔增程弹箭的飞行过程,建立了滑翔增程弹箭的滑翔段弾道模型,在滑翔控制段弹体分别采用俯仰滑翔飞行和旋转滑翔飞行,分析了在滑'翔控制段弹体的两种运动模式对弹箭增程效率的影响。仿真结果表明：在滑翔控制段弹体釆用俯仰滑翔飞行,增程效率高,但在滚转控制过程中控制系统复杂,对舵机的要求高;在滑翔控制段弹体采用旋转滑翔飞行,增程效率较低,但整个控制过程中控制系统简单,对舵机的要求低。     

滑翔增程弹方案弹道特性的研究

阐述了滑翔增程弹的飞行原理，建立了滑翔增程弹的方案弹道模型，通过数值计算得到了滑翔增程弹方案弹道的形状特征、弹丸飞行速度沿全弹道的变化规律和最大射程角的特点，对今后进行滑翔增程弹的设计有重要促进作用。     

无翼式布局制导火箭弹俯仰操纵气动特性

为了研究某无翼式布局制导火箭弹进行俯仰操纵时非线性气动特性对弹箭操纵性的影响,通过模型风洞试验和数值计算相结合的方法,分析了不同马赫数、舵偏角和攻角等因素对该火箭弹气动特性的影响。对模型进行超声速风洞试验,试验结果表明,俯仰操纵负舵偏角时俯仰力矩系数导数随攻角先增大后减小,正舵偏角时俯仰力矩系数导数随攻角先减小后增大。采用ANSYS FLUENT对不同工况下该弹气动特性进行数值计算,计算结果表明,得到的俯仰力矩与风洞实验结果吻合较好,最大误差仅为4.6%。各部件气动特性分析结果表明:弹身的压心在负舵偏角时前移,正舵偏角时后移; 上尾舵受弹身干扰影响法向力效率降低; 负舵偏角时下尾舵的法向力系数导数随攻角减小,正舵偏角时下尾舵的法向力系数导数随攻角增大; 各部件共同作用下弹箭气动特性呈非线性。     

滑翔增程弹气动特性分析

针对滑翔增程弹在有弹翼和无机翼两种情况下，气动特性进行了计算、分析和比较。计算结果表明，有弹翼时滑翔增程弹的升阻比与无弹翼时的升阻比相比大得多，因此滑翔增程弹能够较好的达到滑翔增程的目的。     

带鸭舵滑翔增程炮弹飞行弹道研究

文中针对鸭式布局的滑翔增程炮弹的飞行弹道特性,通过动力学分析,建立了滑翔增程炮弹的各飞行弹道段的弹道模型和控制模型,数值分析给出了滑翔增程弹飞行速度变化规律、最大射程角以及滑翔增程炮弹的滚转控制段与滑翔控制段的弹道特性,研究结果为鸭式布局滑翔增程炮弹的弹道设计提供了理论基础。     

旋转稳定二维弹道修正弹在固定舵作用下的角运动特性研究

为研究旋转稳定二维弹道修正弹在固定舵作用下的攻角及速度运动特性,建立了复数形式的角运动方程。推导了固定舵匀速转动时攻角的强迫运动解及固定舵产生阶跃激励时攻角的瞬态、稳态响应解析解;推导了有控时平均速度偏角的解析解,导出了平均偏角的幅值和相位角与固定舵参数的关系;提出了旋转稳定二维弹道修正弹在固定舵作用下的飞行稳定性条件。结果表明：二维弹道修正弹无控时应避免共振,有控时应限制攻角最大增量及平衡攻角幅值;有控时平均偏角的相位角较固定舵滚转角提前一个前置角。研究结果对旋转稳定二维弹道修正弹的飞行稳定性设计及制导方法研究提供了参考。     

滑翔增程弹弹道特性分析

滑翔增程是目前采用的较为有效的ー种弹箭增程技术。阐述了滑翔增程弹的飞行过 程,按其飞行过程将整个飞行弹道分为三段,并分别建立了各段的弹道模型;研究了整个飞行弹道 的特性,得到滑翔弹弹道与常规弹道在升弧段是一致的,在降弧段上则出现了较大的差別;在滚控 段采用“小步走”的控制策略,在滑控段采用开环控制。仿真计算表明：控制方法可行,计算结果与 设计思想一致,对滑翔增程弹的研制有一定的参考意义。滑翔增程是目前采用的较为有效的ー种弹箭增程技术。阐述了滑翔增程弹的飞行过 程,按其飞行过程将整个飞行弹道分为三段,并分别建立了各段的弹道模型;研究了整个飞行弹道 的特性,得到滑翔弹弹道与常规弹道在升弧段是一致的,在降弧段上则出现了较大的差別;在滚控 段采用“小步走”的控制策略,在滑控段采用开环控制。仿真计算表明：控制方法可行,计算结果与 设计思想一致,对滑翔增程弹的研制有一定的参考意义。     

超远程制导炮弹滑翔增程弹道仿真研究

本文对滑翔增程的原理及弹道特性进行了分析,建立了超远程制导炮弹滑翔增程外弹道的数学模型,对最大升阻比弹道进行了仿真,从而得出理想方案弹道及实际方案弹道。对仿真结果进行了分析,并对控制环节及鸭舵外形提出了改进措施,有效解决了飞行过程中姿态角及攻角震荡的问题,保证超远程制导炮弹能够进行稳定而有效的滑翔飞行。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.