3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)根锰（Ⅱ）盐[Mn(H2O)6](NTO)2.2H2O的制备和晶体结构

用3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）的锂盐水溶液和硫酸锰水溶液反应制得[Mn（H₂O）₆]（NTO）₂·2H₂O,对它进行了元素分析与红外表征。[Mn（H₂O）₆]（NTO）₂·2H₂O的结构用单晶分析法测定,其空间群为 C2/C,晶胞参数 a=23.423（3）Å,b=6.5262（9）Å,c=19.412（3）Å,a=90.00（0）°,β=142.713（7）°,γ=90.00（0）°,V=1797.6（4）ų,Z=4,D_c=1.70 g·cm^-3,μ=7.87cm^-1,F（000）=947.75。     

[Mg(H_2O)_6](NTO)_2·2H_2O的热分解机理及量子化学研究(英文)

用碱式碳酸镁与3 硝基 1,2,4 三唑 5 酮(NTO)在水中合成了[Mg(H2O)6](NTO)2·2H2O。用DSC,TG/DTG和IR研究了它的热分解机理。以晶体实验构型为初始值对配合物用6 31G基组在B3LYP水平下进行量子化学计算。结果表明Mg原子与配位水分子之间的配位键具有共价键性质。NTO环上的成环氮原子都带负电荷,而硝基上(—NO2)的氮原子带有正电荷,说明标题配合物在加热至一定温度时,—NO2将首先离去,这与热分解实验结果一致。     

NTO负一价离子的水合焓ΔhHm^θ（NTO^-）

借助M(NTO)n.mH2O(M=La,Ce,Pr,Eu,Sm,Gd,n=3,m=7;M=Y,Yb,n=3,m=6;M=Dy,Tb,n=3,m=5;M=Nd,n=3,m=8)在水中的溶解焓ΔsolHmθ、晶格焓ΔHLθ、晶格能ΔULθ和标准生成焓ΔfHmθ(Mn ,aq,∞)、ΔfHmθ(Mn ,g)、ΔfHmθ(H2O,g)、ΔfHmθ(H2O,l)、ΔfHmθ(NTO-,aq,∞)、ΔfHmθ(NTO-,g)以及Mn 的水合焓ΔhHmθ(Mn )的文献数据,估算了NTO负一价离子的水合焓ΔhHmθ(NTO-),结果显示,ΔhHmθ(NTO-)=-(153.73±0.21)kJ.mol-1。     

［Mg(H2O)6］(NTO)2·2H2O的热分解机理及量子化学研究（英）

用碱式碳酸镁与3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)在水中合成了[Mg(H2O)6](NTO)2·2H2O.用DSC,TG/DTG和IR研究了它的热分解机理.以晶体实验构型为初始值对配合物用6-31 G基组在B3LYP水平下进行量子化学计算.结果表明Mg原子与配位水分子之间的配位键具有共价键性质.NTO环上的成环氮原子都带负电荷,而硝基上(-NO2)的氮原子带有正电荷,说明标题配合物在加热至一定温度时,-NO2将首先离去,这与热分解实验结果一致.     

M(NTO)n·mH2O在水中的溶解行为

借助M(NTO)n·mH 2O(M=Ba,n=1,m=3;M=Li,n=1,m=2;M=Ca,n=2,m=4;M=Na,n=m=1;M=Co,Mg,n=2,m=8;M=Ce,Pr,Gd,n=3,m=7;M=Tb,Dy,n=3,m=5;M=Y,Yb,n=3,m=6;NTO=3-nitro-1,2,4-triazoI-5-...     

[Mg(H_2O)_6](TNR~-)_2·2H_2O的制备与分子结构研究

通过斯蒂酚酸与氧化镁反应 ,制备出标题化合物 ,测定了二水合斯蒂酚酸六水合镁 (II)的分子结构和晶体结构。该晶体属三斜晶系 ,P墿空间群?逖Р问?:a =0 .7889( 1)nm ,b =0 .882 1( 2 )nm ,c =1.0 433( 2 )nm ;α =77.47( 1)° ,β =70 .96 ( 2 )° ,γ =6 6 .74( 1)° ;V =0 .6 2 73( 2 )nm3 ,Z =1,DC=1.738g·cm-3 ,μ =0 .193mm-1,F( 0 0 0 ) =338。     

苦味酸氨基脲盐的制备与分子结构的研究

研究了苦味酸氨基脲盐的制备方法 ,并用元素分析、IR、DSC和X射线衍射对其进行了结构表征。其分子式为 :(H2 NCONHNH3 ) + [C6H2 (NO2 ) 3 O ] -。晶体属于三斜晶系 ,P墿的空间群 ,晶体学参数为 :a =5 .0 2 4(1) ,b =10 .2 0 9(1) ,c =11.5 5 1(1) ;α =79.0 0 (1)° ,β =81.11(1)° ,γ =82 .47(1)° ;V =5 71.42 (14 ) 3 ,Z =2 ,Dc=1.768g·cm-3 ,μ =0 .162mm-1,F(0 0 0 ) =3 12 ,R1=0 .0 3 2 4,Rw2 =0 .0 874     

2,4-二硝基咪唑二甲基铵盐的制备及晶体结构

以2,4-二硝基咪唑为原料,经中和、取代两步反应合成出了2,4-二硝基咪唑二甲基铵盐[(DNI)NH₂(CH₃)₂],产率为62.7%。用IR、¹H NMR及¹³C NMR、元素分析和单晶X-射线衍射对其分子和晶体结构进行了表征。结果表明: 该晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群C2/c,a=31.403(5) ,b=6.7133(7) ,c=22.769(4) ,α=90.00°,β=126.80(3)°,γ=90.00°,V=3843.6(10) ³,Z=16,D_c=1.404 g ·cm-3,F(000) = 1696.0,μ(MoKα) = 0.121 mm-1。分子内及分子间氢键作用微弱,分子堆积不紧密,密度较小。并用TG-DSC对[(DNI)NH₂(CH₃)₂]进行了热分解研究,表明其分解经过两步,熔点190.7 ℃,热稳定性良好。     

3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑(DNPP)百克量合成及DNPP.H2O晶体结构

研究了3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑(DNPP)的百克量级合成工艺,总收率由9.3%提高到17.9%。采用IR、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、元素分析、质谱等方法对中间体及DNPP的结构进行了表征。探讨了环化、还原“一锅法”反应机理及反应安全性;改进了重氮盐中间体的后处理方法: 采用冷冻结晶法代替萃取法,操作简单,避免大量使用有机溶剂,收率从77.0%提高到86.1%; 培养了DNPP·H₂O单晶,晶体结构分析表明,DNPP·H₂O为单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c,晶体学参数为: a=0.3480(4) nm,b=1.4134(16) nm,c=0.9027(11) nm,α=90°,β=94.327(16)°,γ=90°,V=0.4427(9)nm³, Z=4,D_c=1.756g·cm-3,μ=0.164 mm-1,F(000)=240,R₁=0.0503,wR₂=0.1391。     

小药量含能材料热安全性判据总标准偏差的分析（英）

借助M(NTO)n·mH2O(M=Ba,n=1,m=3;M=Li,n=1,m=2;M=Ca,n=2,m=4;M=Na,n=m=1;M=Co,Mg,n=2,m=8;M=Ce,Pr,Gd,n=3,m=7;M=Tb,Dy,n=3,m=5;M=Y,Yb,n=3,m=6;NTO=3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one)的摩尔用量(a)、水溶液浓度(b)及由Calvet微热量计所得的溶解过程热效应(Q)和摩尔溶解焓(ΔdissH),得到了描述这些NTO金属配合物的微分溶解焓(ΔdifHmθ)、标准摩尔溶解焓[ΔdissHmθ(b=0)]、相对表观摩尔焓(ΔdissHapparent)、相对偏摩尔焓(ΔdissHpartial)和稀释焓(ΔdilH1,2)的5个经验式。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.