HMX晶体内部孔隙率、缺陷类型及颗粒度对冲击波感度的影响

采用标准隔板试验方法分别研究了HMX的晶体内部空隙(用晶体表观密度表征)、颗粒度、形貌和缺陷类型对冲击波感度的影响规律.冲击波感度测试采用隔板试验,药柱配方为HMX/食用油(76/24),药柱采用液体填充方式制备.隔板试验研究表明:随着非孪晶HMX晶体表观密度在1.8992 ～1.9016 g·cm-3范围内增加,炸药...     

一种重结晶黑索今的冲击波感度研究

为了改善黑索今(RDX)结晶形态和降低感度,以二甲基亚砜为溶剂、以Twin-80为晶体改性剂,对普通RDX进行重结晶处理,使用光学显微镜、密度瓶法等分析测试了RDX重结晶前后的晶体形貌和质量,表明重结晶RDX的晶体颗粒表观密度提高约0.007g.cm-3,颗粒外形更加规整圆滑。标准SSGT小隔板试验表明,以重结晶RDX制备的浇铸PBXs,其冲击波感度比相同配方下普通2类RDX降低25%。     

改性双基推进剂冲击波感度研究

采用隔板试验法研究了改性双基推进剂配方组成、所含高能炸药RDX粒度、粒度级配等因素对其冲击波感度的影响。研究结果表明,含有NG和RDX等组分的改性双基推进剂具有较高的冲击波感度,当配方中的敏感组分NG和RDX被不敏感的增塑剂TMETN和感度较低的高能量密度材料FOX-7全部取代时,隔板值由41.4mm降至16.5mm,降幅达60%;同时,粗细粒度高能炸药按一定比例级配使用有利于降低推进剂冲击波感度,粗细颗粒质量比为3:1时,降感效果最佳,隔板厚度降低5.3%。     

典型炸药柱的400kg落锤撞击感度特性分析

为了研究炸药在冲击作用下的安全性能,利用400 kg落锤加载装置对梯恩梯(TNT)、B炸药(Comp.B)、钝化黑索今(P-RDX)等典型炸药柱进行了撞击感度试验,将所测结果与GJB772A - 97方法测试的炸药撞击感度、抗压强度进行了相关性分析.结果表明,在试验条件下,组成相近的配方,药柱撞击感度与抗压强度、成型工...     

基于粒子群神经网络的黑索今基混合炸药大隔板试验冲击波感度预测

应用粒子群神经网络模型对黑索今（RDX）基混合炸药冲击波感度的大隔板厚度值进行预测以减少试验量,节约试验成本。选取具有不同密度、空隙率、装药方式、RDX含量等特征的41组 RDX基混合炸药,考察炸药实际密度、空隙率、RDX和附加物含量影响因素,通过分析它们与大隔板厚度值的非线性关系,建立大隔板厚度值与上述4个变量之间的粒子群算法优化神经网络模型,采用100进化次数,40种群规模进行计算。计算与试验结果表明：4个变量与大隔板厚度值之间的映射模型良好;模型预测值与试验值吻合良好,相对误差在10%以内。该粒子群神经网络模型预测值对RDX基混合炸药大隔板试验具有一定参考价值。     

黑索今粒度及粒度级配对高分子粘结炸药冲击波感度的影响

采用小隔板试验(SSGT)测定了主体炸药黑索今(RDX)粒度和粒度级配对不同密度的RDX/F2641(95/5)高分子粘结炸药冲击波感度的影响,RDX粒度范围为1～150 μm,试验的炸药密度为80%、90%和95%理论密度。结果表明随RDX平均粒度的增大,混合炸药冲击波感度提高,但不同密度时,影响程度有所不同。在本试验条件下,试验结果主要反映了炸药粒度对热点点火过程的影响。     

钝感传爆药JHB-1的配方设计

介绍了钝感传爆药JHB－1的配方研究过程，该配方采用TATB和RDX的混合物作主体炸药，EVA和F26的共混物作粘结剂，通过慢速烤然和小隔板试验确定了组分配比。性能试验结果表明，JHB－1的撞击感度和冲击波感度均远远小于特屈儿，爆速高于特屈儿，在慢速烤燃试验中仅发生部分燃烧反应，而特屈儿发生了爆轰。     

微纳米HMX基PBX力学、导热性能及药片撞击感度

为了研究微纳米尺度下颗粒尺寸对于炸药撞击感度的影响规律及作用机制,将三种奥克托今(HMX,粒径为100~300 nm,1~2μm,10~20μm)基高聚物粘接炸药(PBX)造型粉压制成表观密度分别为1.74 g·cm~(-3)与1.50 g·cm~(-3)的PBX样品,研究了HMX粒径与表观密度对PBX样品压缩力学性能、导热性能以及药片撞击感度的影响。使用扫描电镜观察了样品受落锤撞击前后的微观形貌,并通过自行设计的试验装置测试了落锤撞击加载过程中样品的受力情况。结果表明,PBX样品的压缩强度、压缩模量、导热系数及热扩散系数均随HMX粒径的减小而显著增大。在相同表观密度下,PBX样品的撞击感度随HMX粒径减小而明显降低;对于含同种粒径HMX的PBX样品,撞击感度随表观密度的增加而略微升高。撞击作用下HMX粒径较大的样品主要发生孔穴压缩与颗粒破碎,HMX粒径较小的样品主要发生颗粒层的剪切滑移。在相同撞击条件下,作用于试样力的峰值随表观密度的增大或粒径的减小而增大。认为炸药颗粒细化所带来的撞击感度降低是细化后炸药内部孔隙尺寸减小、孔隙结构均匀化程度提高以及导热性能提升等因素共同作用的结果。     

CL20及其混合炸药的机械感度研究

介绍了六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（CL20）单质炸药及其混合炸药的撞击感度与摩擦感度的试验结果。将其单质炸药的试验结果与HMX、RDX、PETN进行了比较，同时还对其混合炸药的不同配方的试验结果进行了比较和讨论。根据CL20颗粒形状的特点提出了配方粘结剂、钝感剂选择的原则。     

JO-9159/ECX复合装药的冲击波感度研究

采用隔板试验研究了分别由厚度为3,5,10,20 mm挤注炸药(ECX)和Ф20 mm×20 mm JO-9159炸药构成的复合装药的冲击波感度G50,并采用有限元方法进行了数值模拟.结果表明,试验值与计算值结果基本一致,复合装药的冲击波感度在JO-9159、ECX两种炸药冲击波感度之间,随着ECX炸药厚度的增加,复合装药的冲击波感度呈G50=12.96 5.13e-h/6.41一阶指数衰减形式下降.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.