功能高分子亚氨基二乙酸树脂对钕的吸附行为研究

本文用亚氨基二乙酸树脂(D401)采用静态的方法吸附钕(Ⅲ),获得一些参数以指导实际应用.结果pH=5.73为最佳吸附pH;298K时每克树脂的静态饱和吸附容量179mg;用2.0mol·L-1HCl解吸,解析率达100%;等温吸附服从Freundlich经验式;298K时的表观速率常数k298=2.22×10-5s-1;吸附反应的焓变为ΔaHm= 18.8kJ·mol-1;D401对钕(Ⅲ)吸附反应的表观吸附活化能为51.3kJ·mol-1;树脂功能基与钕(Ⅲ)的配位比为3:1;用红外光谱探讨了该树脂和钕(Ⅲ)的成键情况.     

镁基储氢材料对AP/Al/HTPB复合固体推进剂性能的影响

用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了镁基储氢材料（Mg2NiH4，Mg2Cu—H和MgH2）对高氯酸铵（AP）及AP／Al／HTPB复合固体推进剂热分解性能的影响。结果表明，含量5％的镁基储氢材料对AP热分解过程具有明显的催化促进作用。含量1．3％的镁基储氢材料可以降低AP／Al／HTPB复合固体推进剂热分解过程的热分解温度，使分解热明显增加，表现出显著的增强促进作用。燃速测定结果表明，在8MPa下，含量1．3％的Mg2 NiH4，Mg2Cu—H和MgH2可以分别使AP／Al／HTPB复合固体推进剂的燃速提高3．5％、14．4％和13．9％。镁基储氢材料对AP和AP／Al／HTPB复合固体推进剂热分解的作用效果与其含氢量有关，MgH2的含氢量大，作用效果好。镁基储氢材料主要通过催化AP／Al／HTPB复合固体推进剂中AP的热分解，表现出对AP／Al／HTPB复合固体推进剂热分解具有较好的催化效果。     

CL-20分子印迹聚合物微球的制备及吸附性能

利用分子印迹技术,在模板分子六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)、功能单体丙烯酰胺(AM)、交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)的摩尔比为1∶7∶20,反应温度为60℃的条件下,采用沉淀聚合法制备了粒径约为1μm的CL-20分子印迹聚合物微球(CL-20-MIP)。用UV光谱,SEM对其进行了性能测试,研究了CL-20-MIP的吸附和识别性能。结果表明,CL-20与AM之间存在相互作用,所得产物为规则的球形。在1 mmol·L-1的CL-20/乙醇溶液中,CL-20-MIP和非印迹聚合物(NMIP)对CL-20的平衡吸附量分别为14.02 mg·g-1和6.77 mg·g-1;吸附过程由伪二级动力学模型和Freundlich方程描述。选择性吸附实验表明,CL-20-MIP对CL-20具有特异性吸附,对竞争吸附物RDX,TNT的吸附量分别为6.98 mg·g-1和8.46 mg·g-1。     

新一代起爆药设计与合成研究进展

高氮杂环化合物是火工品新一代起爆药,表现出优异起爆点火性能,可替代现役叠氮化铅、斯蒂芬酸铅,同时满足绿色环保要求。研究关键技术是高氮杂环中间体或配体、高氮杂环配位化合物及其系列盐设计与合成。新一代起爆药主要配体是5-硝基四唑(5-NT)、5-肼基四唑(5-HT)、1,5-二氨基四唑(1,5-DAT)及三唑类,它们具有芳香性,生成热高、氮含量达61%～85%,可以设计成配阳离子、配阴离子和盐3类高能钝感起爆药。高氯酸.四氨.双(5-硝基四唑)合钴(Ⅲ)(BNCP)已应用于激光、半导体桥(SCB)等先进火工品。5-NT配体的Ni/Cu/ZnBNCP同系物、DAT铜、铁、钴、镍配阳离子起爆药、5-NT亚铁及铜、钴、镍配阴离子起爆药、肼基四唑三唑Hg、Cu、Co、Ni、Cd盐类起爆药、DTA硝酸、高氯酸盐类起爆药均是国外新一代起爆药研究重点。其典型起爆药有:[CuⅡ(DAT)5(NO3)]NO3、(NH4)2[FeⅡ(NT)4(H2O)2]、(NH4)2[CuⅡ(NT)4(H2O)2]。     

ANPyO及其Cr(Ⅲ)和Zn(Ⅱ)含能配合物的制备及催化性能

合成了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(ANPyO) Cr(Ⅲ)和Zn(Ⅱ)两种过渡金属配合物。用FT-IR光谱和元素分析表征了这两个配合物。用DSC和TG-DTG研究了这两种配合物对RDX、HMX和AP热分解反应的影响。结果表明,Cr(Ⅲ)配合物的热分解只有一个剧烈的放热过程,残渣量为10.79%。Zn(Ⅱ)配合物的热分解有两个连续的放热过程,残渣量为12.68%。两种配合物对RDX和HMX的催化效果不明显,但使AP高温分解峰的峰温分别提前42.40 ℃和122.32 ℃,分解反应的放热量分别增加849.5 J·g-1和971.35 J·g-1,对AP分解反应有好的催化效果。     

稀土元素的快速方法测定合金钢中

苏联一种快速测定含 Cr,Ni,Co,Cu 合金钢中稀土元素的方法,是采用萃取色谱分离和偶氮胂Ⅲ试剂光度法测定。萃取色谱法要比用KY-2阳离子交换剂分离由20～25M HF 溶解的多种元素中的稀土元素更快速。为分离合金基体中的微量稀土元素,采用二(2-乙基·己基)-磷酸(Д2ЭГФК)作为萃取剂和采用粒度为100微米的憎水硅胶 KCK 作为萃取剂载体。载体容量     

离子交换树脂回收废水中3-硝基-1，2，4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）

为处理3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）精制过程产生的有害酸性废水,研究采用碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附的方法处理废水并回收NTO。通过静态吸附实验筛选出4种市售树脂（D301、D201、D311、IRA402）中吸附效果较佳的树脂,并研究了吸附时间及废水初始浓度对树脂吸附NTO的影响;通过动态吸附实验进行了模拟废水的pH、初始浓度及流速的筛选,得到最佳的吸附条件,筛选效果较佳的脱附剂,并在最佳条件下进行了吸附脱附的5次重复实验,对脱附液进行酸化及萃取处理回收NTO。结果表明D301湿树脂对NTO有较好的吸附能力,吸附曲线符合Langmuir方程,由方程可推得其理论饱和吸附量为232 mg·mL^-1。在模拟废水的初始浓度为8 mg·mL^-1,流速3 BV·h^-1,pH 3时,D301对NTO的吸附效果最佳,饱和吸附容量为205 mg·mL^-1。树脂经10%NaOH溶液脱附,脱附效果最好,脱附率可达到98%。重复实验中,NTO的回收率为82%~88%,表明树脂性能稳定,可循环使用。可见碱性离子交换树脂吸附废水中NTO方法可行,具有实际应用前景。     

新型含能材料FOX-12性能研究

研究了N-脒基脲二硝酰胺盐(FOX-12)性能，FOX-12不溶于冷水，结晶密度1．755g／cm^3，燃烧热1483．98kJ／mol，分解温度218．41℃，感度低，热安定性好。FOX-12相容性较好，能和HMX、RDX等火炸药常用组分相容。     

纳米活化长效高能竹炭

主要内容和技术经济指标：1．提升竹炭的吸附功能，现有竹炭存在明显不足，烧制500℃以上的竹炭比表面积只在150—385m^2／g之间，吸附速度慢、不彻底、竹炭用量大。研究内容：在不损害竹炭天然环保特质的前提下，加大单位竹炭的吸附量，加快吸附速度，从而提升其吸附功能，并且在净化自来水、净化空气、污水处理时，针对不同的物质，吸附功能有不同的侧重。关键技术：选用何种设备、工艺、添加哪些环保材料以达到预期效果？ 2．保持竹炭使用的长效性问题，竹炭在净化空气和水质后，会吸附很多的有害物质。如不及时清除，就会饱和并失去吸附功效，甚至存在二次污染的可能。研究内容：根据竹炭及其吸附的不同物质的物理和化学性质，寻求新型的技术和材料，将竹炭吸附的主要有害物质进行分解，消除潜在污染，延长竹炭的使用寿命，以达到节能降耗的目的，开发长效多功能竹炭制品。关键技术：对竹炭吸附的物质进行分类、分析其反应变化过程，在此基础上采用不同的技术和材料。对竹炭吸附的不同物质分别进行分解和清除。3．项目实施期内预计达到的主要目标：1）对竹炭进行深加工，扩张微孔数，将比表面积提升到800m^2／g以上，吸附功能提升3倍，绝大多数竹炭微孔的直径在1．6nm以上，大于所要吸附物质的分子直径，而深加工的成本则控制在普通竹炭烧制成本的2倍以下；2）完成对竹炭吸附的物质进行科学分类的基础工作，并分析出20余种主要物质的反应变化过程：3）找到能清除（要求80％以上）竹炭内吸附的主要微生物、甲醛、苯、甲苯、氨、氮化物、硫化物、自来水中余氯、农药残留物等有害物质的新型技术和相关材料，竹炭的使用寿命延长4倍，而清除的成本要与竹炭延长使用的时间长短、普通竹炭的烧制成本进行经济效益、市场前景等综合分析比较，使这项技术的运用有相应的社会效益和经济效益，并且产品适销对路。4．在上述研究成果的基础上。解决生产问题，使生产出来的竹炭具有以下效果：1）吸附功能比普通竹炭提升3倍以上；2）能够自动清除80％以上吸附物。     

金属氧化物对RDX热分解影响的研究

采用差热分析技术研究了金属氧化物(CuO、CdO、Fe2O3、Cu2O、PbO)对黑索今(RDX)热分解性能的影响。试验结果表明：金属氧化物对RDX的热分解有不同程度的催化作用，当质量分数为1．0%／--2．0％催化效果最明显，催化能力比较结果为氧化亚铜与氧化铜接近，其次分别为三硫化二铁、氧化铅、氧化镉。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.