高密度压装炸药燃烧转爆轰研究

为了给高密度炸药装药的安全性分析提供更准确的依据,在不同约束条件下(DDT管长420 mm,壁厚分别为10,20 mm),进行了PBXC03压装炸药燃烧转爆轰实验,采用电离探针测量了炸药中反应波速度,通过观测管体和反应波速度变化,判断炸药燃烧转爆轰(DDT)的情况.根据高密度炸药状态,建立了炸药燃烧转爆轰计算模型,采用...     

AP和Al含量对DNTF基炸药燃烧转爆轰的影响

为了研究配方组分对二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)基复合炸药燃烧转爆轰性能的影响,设计了AP和Al粉摩尔比分别为0.306、0.414、0.574的三种配方。采用同轴电离探针测试技术,对这三种DNTF基复合炸药配方进行了燃烧转爆轰性能试验。从燃烧转爆轰过程中波阵面传播速度及诱导爆轰距离的变化分析了AP和Al粉摩尔比对炸药燃烧转爆轰的影响。结果表明,随着炸药配方中AP和Al摩尔比从0.306增大到0.574,炸药初始燃烧持续时间从1065μs增大1395μs,燃烧速度从141 m·s~(-1)减小到108 m·s~(-1),但对流燃烧段和爆燃段持续时间快速减小,对流燃烧速度从500 m·s~(-1)增加到1668 m·s~(-1),爆燃速度从3000 m·s~(-1)增加到4800 m·s~(-1),发生燃烧转爆轰的诱导爆轰距离从675 mm左右减小到425 mm左右。     

常温和75℃条件下PBX-2炸药射弹撞击响应特性

为了研究常温和75℃条件下PBX-2炸药射弹撞击响应特性,采用高温撞击试验装置对PBX-2炸药进行了射弹撞击试验。采用冲击波超压传感器测量了炸药的反应超压,结合回收样品综合分析了常温和75℃下炸药的响应特性。采用有限元程序LS-DYNA计算分析了不同撞击速度对应的常温和75℃PBX-2炸药的受力变化。结果表明,常温下PBX-2炸药撞击点火反应速度阈值为263.5~269.9m·s~(-1);加热至75℃时,PBX-2炸药撞击点火反应速度阈值为316~367m·s~(-1)。相比常温状态,当射弹撞击速度低于800m·s~(-1)时,75℃条件下PBX-2炸药反应程度明显下降,但射弹撞击速度高于800m·s-1时,约1.54GPa的输入压力就能使75℃PBX-2炸药产生剧烈反应。     

不同升温速率热作用下PBX-2炸药的响应规律

采用不同升温速率3,5,10,25,105℃.min-1分别对PBX-2炸药进行了烤燃试验,试验中用热电偶分别测试样品半径处和中心处的温度变化过程,通过冲击波超压测量分析了样品的反应程度,根据热分析和烤燃试验结果宏观上分析了PBX-2炸药在热作用下的响应规律。试验结果初步表明:热作用试验中PBX-2炸药随着升温速率升高反应程度降低。采用Arrhenius模型对PBX-2炸药在热作用下响应进行了数值模拟,模拟的炸药温度变化结果与试验测试结果基本一致。     

乳化炸药局部引燃实验研究

为了研究乳化炸药局部燃烧特性,根据法国燃烧转爆轰试验方法和美国燃烧转爆轰试验方法,在钢管中,对膨胀珍珠岩敏化的乳化炸药进行局部引燃试验,试验结果发现药温对于乳化炸药的燃烧有着重要的影响。无论是黑火药还是电热丝引燃,乳化炸药都没有实现燃烧波的传播。结果表明,在常压下乳化炸药局部燃烧不能实现燃烧波的传播,乳化炸药的燃烧存在最小临界燃烧压力。     

PBX炸药药片的摩擦感度响应特性

为研究高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)在摩擦作用下的响应特性,采用药片摩擦感度试验装置分别对PBX-923和PBX-2炸药进行了试验,采用冲击波超压传感器测量了样品的反应超压,根据回收样品分析了两种炸药的响应特性,计算了摩擦作用下PBX发生点火的摩擦功阈值和摩擦功率,分析了药片摩擦感度试验中炸药的点火机制。结果表明,炸药与光滑的钢板摩擦时PBX-923炸药和PBX-2炸药的反应摩擦功分别大于515.9 J和583.2 J,摩擦功率分别大于10.12 k W和11.44 k W,而PBX-923炸药与砂靶摩擦时对应的反应摩擦功阈值为294.7~368.3 J,摩擦功率为7.80~9.75 k W,PBX-2炸药与砂靶摩擦时反应摩擦功阈值为147.3~191.5 J、摩擦功率为3.90~5.07 k W,表明摩擦作用难以整体均匀加热PBX发生点火,炸药与砂靶摩擦的点火主导机制是摩擦引发的剪切作用点火。     

药片剪切试验中PBX-2炸药的响应特性

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元计算程序模拟设计了药片剪切试验装置,研究了Φ20 mm×5 mm和Φ20 mm×9 mm两种厚度的PBX-2药片在剪切试验中的响应特性。采用锰铜压力计测试样品中压力的变化过程,通过高速录像照片分析了撞击点火反应过程,用冲击波超压传感器测量了炸药的反应超压,综合分析了PBX-2炸药在药片剪切试验中的响应规律。结果初步表明,药片剪切试验中PBX-2炸药厚度由5 mm变化至9 mm,其反应落高阈值由3.5～3.7 m降低为3.0～3.1 m,即随着该炸药厚度增加,其反应落高阈值略有降低。     

基于Mushroom试验的炸药爆轰反应速率方程参数校验

为了更准确的校验炸药爆轰反应速率方程参数,以HMX/TATB混合炸药PBX-1为研究对象,采用Mushroom试验方法,研究了炸药在不同传爆直径下的拐角传爆特性,并采用LS-DYNA程序利用拉式试验标定的三项式点火增长模型参数对Mushroom试验进行了数值模拟,通过观察爆轰波的成长和传播历程以及拐角参量的对比,校验已标定反应速率模型参数的准确性.对比试验结果和数值模拟结果发现,Mushroom试验可以反映出爆轰波沿不同方向上爆轰成长过程的差异,进而证明了通过Mushroom试验校验炸药的反应速率模型参数是可行的.     

枪击试验中不同尺寸PBX-2炸药响应规律研究

采用改进的枪击试验(12.7 mm机枪)对Φ100 mm×45 mm(1#)、Φ50 mm×100 mm(2#)、Φ75 mm×150 mm(3#)和Φ100 mm×200 mm(4#)四种不同尺寸PBX-2炸药柱进行试验,测试了子弹在样品中的穿行时间和子弹撞击样品后的速度,测量了炸药的反应超压,分析了枪击试验中PBX-2炸药的响应规律。结果初步表明,枪击试验中随着PBX-2炸药长度的增加,其反应程度也随之增强。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序对1#、2#和4#样品的枪击试验进行了数值模拟,计算结果与试验测试结果基本一致。     

常温附近温度变化对炸药冲击起爆特征的影响（英文）

为了研究常温附近温度变化对炸药冲击起爆特征的影响程度和规律,设计并建立了炸药局部加热和冷却装置,结合拉氏分析方法研究了HMX/TATB基复合高能炸药PBX-1和TATB基钝感高能炸药PBX-2在常温附近(5~75℃)的冲击起爆压力成长过程。基于实验结果,利用点火增长模型对两种炸药的冲击起爆过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,随着温度升高(5~75℃),炸药的冲击起爆压力成长过程均逐渐变快,到爆轰距离变短,点火增长模型中的反应速率参数G_1变大,说明两种炸药随温度的升高对冲击变得更敏感,常温附近温度变化对炸药安全性的影响不能忽略。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.