浙江供热现状及蒸汽供热距离的研究

分析了浙江火电机组供热现状和发展趋势.随着浙江经济的快速发展,供热市场潜力巨大且多以稳定的生产工艺热负荷为主.但电厂与热用户之间的距离相对较远,国家现行的供热相关标准已经不能满足浙江工业快速发展的现状.故通过对机组在不同抽汽参数和输送管径下供热距离进行计算分析,得出蒸汽供热距离随供汽参数、流量、管径及保温等因素的变化规律.且在满足热用户用汽参数的前提下,合理解决了蒸汽长距离供热的一系列问题,为电厂采用蒸汽长距离供热方式提供了技术参考.     

供热汽轮机抽汽供热循环耦合汽水流量分配计算的研究

以常规热平衡法为基础,推导出了考虑加热器散热损失的供热机组T级抽汽供热循环系统热平衡矩阵方程,并将等效热降法应用于供热机组T级抽汽供热循环耦合汽水流量的分配计算,计算结果与常规热平衡法完全一致.本方法简单明晰,通用性好,为供热机组热力系统发电与供热的整体耦合分析计算奠定了基础,并可简捷快速地计算出热力系统连接方式以及局部参数变化对抽汽供热循环耦合汽水流量的影响.     

等效焓降法在大型机组抽汽供热的热经济性分析中的应用

主要是关于等效焓降法在大型机组抽汽供热的热经济性分析中的应用.用等效焓降法对某台超临界机组两种不同的抽汽供热方案的热经济性进行计算分析.等效焓降法的计算结果和常规热平衡法完全一致,表明等效焓降法应用的正确性.而且再热器冷段供热的热经济性优于再热器热段供热,在满足锅炉和汽轮机运行安全的基础上,可以选择再热冷段供热.     

供热汽轮机新汽耦合做功计算的研究

以常规热平衡法为基础,根据供热汽轮机凝汽循环和抽汽供热循环的实际耦合作用,推导出了考虑加热器散热损失的供热汽轮机热力系统等效热降与抽汽效率计算的矩阵方程,并将其应用于供热汽轮机新汽耦合做功的计算,其计算结果与常规热平衡法完全一致。本方法概念清楚,通用性好,为供热机组热力系统简捷快速地进行整体分析和局部定量计算奠定了基础。     

利用热网凝结水直接供暖

利用热网75℃凝结水直供热用户,因距离近,管网改造容易,中间热损失小,经计算分析,可以满足热用户需求,实际改造后运行良好,当年回收改造成本。     

600MW火电机组抽汽供热的热经济性分析

针对亚临界和超临界600MW机组抽汽供热,运用常规热平衡法对不同抽汽方案的机组热经济性进行分析、计算,并对结果进行比较,说明抽汽供热能提高电厂的热经济性,且再热器冷段抽汽供热的经济性高于再热器热段抽汽.建议在安全性和经济性的基础上,合理选择抽汽供热方案,为电厂的供热改造提供经济性依据.     

供热机组热力系统循环吸热量计算

以常规热平衡方法为基础,经过严格的数学推导,首次将等效热降理论应用于供热机组热力系统循环吸热量的计算,并提出了适用于不同类型供热机组热力系统的通用数学计算模型.经实例验证,该数学模型简捷、准确,将为不同类型供热机组热力系统热经济性的定量计算和热电联产总热耗量合理分配的研究奠定良好基础.     

天然气热电厂工业供热流量计量和结算方式的探讨

我国沿海经济发达地区,新型建筑材料、传动部件以及制药等高新轻工业发展迅速,并形成了一定的规模.在大中型城市周边建成的工业高新产业,其中一大部分工业企业,为满足工艺流程要求需要工业供热. 绍兴市某工业区管网供热范围为东至嘉绍高速,西至越东路,北至滨海大道,南至世纪大道,供热范围约70km2.天然气热电厂地处热负荷中心,有利于管网的布局,缩短供热距离,减小热网损耗,并减少相应的管网投资.     

不同抽汽工况下供热机组热经济性分析

对评价供热机组热经济性能的指标进行了分析,建立了基于等效热降法的供热机组热经济性指标计算模型。以某60MW供热机组为例,采用常规热平衡法和等效热降法分别对不同抽汽工况下机组的热经济性指标进行了计算。结果表明,采用等效热降法的计算结果和采用常规热平衡法的计算结果具有相同的准确度,同时表明,该供热机组在最大抽汽工况下运行时热经济性明显高于其它抽汽工况时的热经济性。     

供热汽轮机抽汽供热循环做功计算的研究

以常规热平衡法为基础,通过严格的数学推导,首次将等效热降理论应用于供热汽轮机抽汽供热循环做功与做功不足的计算,并得出了相应的计算模型.实例计算表明,本模型通用性好,计算准确简捷,为供热汽轮机热电联产总热耗量合理分配的研究奠定了基础.     

基于凝结水节流调节的供热机组快速变负荷性能研究

为了促进电网消纳波动性强的可再生能源电力,需要提升供热机组的快速变负荷性能。以汽水分布矩阵方程为基础建立供热机组凝结水节流快速变负荷的静态模型,计算凝结水节流方案的负荷变化比例;在除氧器安全运行前提下,计算凝结水节流方案的可持续时间;并以某350MW供热机组为例进行实例分析。结果表明:采用凝结水节流可有效提高供热机组负荷调节速率,且机组发电负荷越大,凝结水节流的变负荷性能越强;滑压运行时凝结水节流变负荷性能优于定压运行;增加供热抽汽流量会减弱凝结水节流变负荷性能。     

热负荷动态监控供热系统的研究

介绍了新型节能的热负荷动态监控供热方法，构建了热负荷动态监控供热系统的工作模型并阐释了其工作原理。旁管-双暖气片供热技术的应用，改善了传统采暖结构，实现了用户按需调节供热负荷，避免了无效供热。最后指出采用热负荷动态监控技术是采暖供热的发展方向。     

西宁地区燃气锅炉供热成本调查及节能途径研究

根据2003年至2004年供暖期对西宁地区燃气供热锅炉运行费用进行实际调查的资料,对构成燃气锅炉房的运行成本进行了详细计算,分析了影响燃气锅炉供热成本的几个基本因素,客观地提出了西宁地区燃气锅炉供热成本的合理范围,指出了当前供热成本高的原因,并根据节能技术的发展提出了合理降低供热成本的方法。     

二次再热超临界供热机组热力系统经济性定量分析方法

针对二次再热超临界供热机组采用低压缸分缸抽汽供热的特点，利用等效热降理论，进行分析与数学推导，得出了该类型机组抽汽等效热降和抽汽效率的计算方法，形成该类型机组的经济性定量分析数学模型，从而将等效热降理论的应用范围拓展到二次再热供热机组。利用该模型，可以方便、迅速、准确地分析二次再热超临界供热机组热力系统的经济性。     

Scaling up concentrating solar thermal technology in China

More than 1300 GW new generating capacity will be added in China's power sector over the period 2005–2030 under the BAU scenario in [1], even higher than the total installed capacity in the United States to date. China’s industrial and service sectors are expected to maintain rapid development rate over the next decades, driving up the demand for electric power and heat. However, China’s power and industrial process heat generation are heavily relying upon coal-fired thermal power plants resulting in tremendous rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Clean technology such as concentrating solar thermal (CST) needs to play a more important role in power and heat generation in China to accelerate the decarbonisation in the power sector and commercial and industrial process heat generation cost-effectively. This paper attempts to explore the opportunity and challenge of development and deployment of CST in China from both technical and socioeconomic analysis perspectives. It is argued that rapid deployment of CST in China will contribute to enabling sustainable energy supply and environmental securities, as well as improved economic performance in new technology innovation in Asia Pacific area over the next decades. Supportive policy framework should be set up to encourage scaling up CST industry. The success of deployment of CST technology will also allow Chinese power and heat generators to strengthen their competitiveness in the context of intensified global constraint of carbon emissions. Institutional innovation and policy instruments for scaling up this technology and the enabling conditions of successful implementation are also investigated.     

Influence of the key parameters on the dynamic behavior of the hydrogen absorption by LaNi5

The optimal design of hydride tanks is a major technological issue for the rapid development of this technology. In this paper, a two-dimensional model of a closed metal–hydrogen reactor is presented. The temperature and the pressure temporal evolutions within the reactor as a function of time are reported. In order to determine the parameters to optimize a fast kinetic and optimal heat exchange, the impact of the supply pressure, the porosity and the dynamic viscosity have been studied. The results show that the effect of these parameters are key-factors for an optimized tank design.     

Rural household energy consumption with the economic development in China: stages and characteristic indices

This paper discusses history variance and general features on rural household energy consumption with the economic development in China. Energy shortage has been a long-standing problem in rural areas of China. The average effective energy consumption was 0.46–0.54 kgce per day per household in the 1960s and 1970s. The reason for this is that the rural household energy supply mainly relies on the available amounts of local natural energy resources. The problem of cooking fuel shortage was basically solved in the early 1980s since more straw and stalks were produced due to the rapid development of agriculture. The process of energy commercialization also started from the early 1980s due to the availability of coal, fuel oil and other energy sources in the market, and the reconstruction of rural power supply network. Energy consumption was 369.8 kgce per capita with 30% of commercial energy consumption and the effective heat per capita per day was 0.64 kgce in 1995. A closer relationship was found between household energy consumption level/structure and family income along with the economic development. This paper analyzed the rural household energy consumption of three typical regions, i.e., out-of-poverty, well-off and rich regions, in terms of effective heat per capita per day, percentage of commercial energy consumption in total effective heat, electricity consumption per capita and room temperature of northern areas in winter.     

化工区多热源协同供热成本和优化分析

研究工业热网多热源协同供热成本计算和供热优化问题,采用微增利润法计算多热源的供热成本,在保证各热用户供热质量的前提下,结合热网结构与热负荷情况,合理分配多个热源间的供热比,以达到经济效益最大化的目标。采用的微增利润法具有计算方便简单、定义清晰简明等优势,适用于燃气轮机联合循环、燃气锅炉、燃煤火电等机组多热源协同供热,并可指导运行人员对工业热网进行运行与调度。     

“NCB”新型专用供热机

对供热机节能增效途径进行论述,分析了目前供热机的优缺点,从而提出"NCB"新型供热机.通过与原300MW抽-凝供热机比较,证明"NCB"新型供热机在供热能力和节能效益两方面均有明显的优越性.     

供热系统_单耗分析_模型

本文首先介绍了提出了理论和方法的梗概,并在此基础上建立一现代供热系统的一般化模型,针对这一模型,计算了锅炉供热、电热供热;热泵供热和热电联产供热系统中燃料的理论单耗、附加单耗和在用户终端处供热的燃料单耗。给出了供热成本的计算公式,该计算方法适于在工程中应用。