渗流对竖直地埋管换热器换热性能的影响

为了确定渗流对竖直地埋管换热器换热性能的影响,基于多孔介质传热理论与Darcy定律,利用多物理场耦合软件COMSOL建立了三维热渗耦合模型,模拟了有无渗流条件下竖直地埋管换热器周围土壤温度场的变化。结果表明,地下水渗流有助于竖直地埋管换热器换热,且渗流速度越大,竖直地埋管换热器换热效果越明显;平行于渗流方向处温度场偏向下游,垂直于渗流方向处温度场始终保持对称分布,渗流速度由0m/s增大到1.0×10-5 m/s时,对应热作用半径由0.42m减小到0.32m。     

广州地区土壤温度场对U型埋管换热性能的影响

针对广州地下50m以内土壤温度分布来研究广州地区地温的分布特性和变化规律,建立了垂直u型地埋管地下换热区域温度场的三维稳态和瞬态传热模型.同时就该系统在冬季和夏季运行分析了不同工况下埋管区域土壤温度场的分布情况以及进一步确定了热泵机组连续和间歇运行对地埋管换热性能、埋管区地温恢复状况的影响.最后,通过对某别墅工程的动态负荷计算,选用ASHRAE推荐的地埋管地源热泵设计模拟软件GLHEPRO 3.0进行30a运行模拟,分析得到了地下埋管区域土壤热平衡对埋管换热性能的影响程度,从而为华南地区推广使用地埋管地源热泵系统的长期高效运行提供理论参考.     

深层地埋管换热器换热性能模拟及稳定性研究

以深层地源热泵地埋管换热器为研究对象,对其换热特性进行数值模拟和实验研究。建立考虑轴向地温梯度的深层地埋管换热器传热模型并进行模拟计算,通过示范工程现场测试数据验证该模型的正确性。对深层地埋管换热器换热的性能稳定性进行研究,发现深层地埋管换热器连续长期运行及间歇长期运行下换热性能基本稳定。当按不同运停比运行时,岩土温度恢复效果良好。研究结果表明深层地源热泵有较好的换热性能及运行稳定性,为深层地热能的开发利用提供了新思路。     

地源热泵制冷运行特性实验研究

采用实验的方法分别研究上海市松江区地源热泵机组制冷工况连续运行特性和间歇运行特性。实验结果表明,在72 h实验运行时间内,地源热泵机组制冷工况间歇运行模式,3口90 m地埋管井换热量平均值为15.68 k W,钻孔导热系数Kb平均值为3.09,与连续运行模式相比分别提高2.4%、12.3%。同时,热泵机组制冷性能系数与连续运行模式相比提高4.1%。地源热泵间歇运行模式可有效改变土壤温升率,最大限度地发挥地下埋管的换热能力,保证地源热泵机组长时间高效运行。     

地源热泵间歇制热运行的试验研究

地下埋管内的水温主要与埋管换热器的长度、地下土壤温度、土壤的热物性及系统运行模式等因素有关.系统最佳运行模式对于地下温度场的恢复、系统运行优化以及减少埋管换热器的造价都有重要意义.文章通过人为控制机组的运行模式,探求连续运行及间歇运行模式下埋管换热器内水温变化规律,以期找到地下换热系统运行优化的最佳手段.     

地源热泵制冷工况间歇运行的实验研究

地下埋管内的水温主要与埋管换热器的长度、地下土壤温度、土壤的热物性及系统运行模式等因素有关。如果能找出系统最佳运行模式,对于地下温度场的恢复、系统运行优化以及减少埋管换热器的造价都有重要意义。本文就是基于这样的目的,通过人为控制机组的运行模式,探求连续运行及间歇运行模式下埋管换热器内水温的变化规律,以期找到地下换热系统运行优化的最佳手段。     

运行模式对地埋管换热器热交换性能的影响试验

运行模式对地埋管换热器的热交换性能具有显著影响。文章借助桂林理工大学建立的地源热泵实验平台,对桂林地区地源热泵制冷工况下3种运行模式进行试验,研究地源热泵的运行状况及管壁温度变化特性,分析运行模式对地埋管热交换性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:3种运行工况下,地源热泵机组的性能系数COP分别为4.30,4.03,3.48,竖埋管单位管长换热量为14.4~32.8 W/m,水平埋管单位管长换热量为14.8~17.9W/m;地埋管的管壁温度随着地源热泵的运行发生变化,其恢复程度与停机时间的长短有关;间歇运行模式有利于土壤温度场的恢复,提高地埋管换热器的热交换性能;停运比Ps-o由0变化到1时,热泵机组性能系数COP增加了15.8%。     

集群地埋管换热器的传热分析

地源热泵技术在我国的应用绝大部分为竖埋管系统。地热换热器长期运行时,各个钻孔的换热会受到周围钻孔的影响,产生热干扰现象。基于有限长线热源模型以及地热换热器土壤温度计算程序,通过Mtatlab绘制出集群土壤温度分布云图。着重研究冬夏季负荷平衡时不同工况下的集群竖埋管土壤温度的简化计算方法。以无渗流矩阵形式布置的地下管群为例,采用埋管矩阵代替原地下管群进行传热分析。通过分析比较,认为在确定地质条件、埋管几何参数、负荷及运行条件等相同情况下,可以通过单根埋管的传热影响半径确定集群埋管传热矩阵,从而代替原集群埋管进行传热分析。     

夏季间歇运行工况下相变温度对相变回填地埋管换热器传热性能的影响

为探究相变温度对相变材料回填地埋管换热器传热性能的影响,建立管内流体换热、回填区域相变换热及土壤换热的三维耦合传热数值模型,利用焓-多孔介质模型对相变区域相变问题进行处理,研究夏季间歇运行工况下不同相变温度回填材料对埋管换热器传热性能的影响。结果表明:添加PCM,可有效提高换热量,短期内缓解埋管周围热积聚,利用相变温度18℃的PCM回填,单位井深换热量至少比普通材料回填提高49.54%;在间歇运行初期,换热量随相变温度的升高逐渐减小,低相变温度的PCM可明显改善埋管换热量,但随着时间的进行,较高相变温度PCM回填对换热器换热量的改善效果优于前期低相变温度。此外,在运行期间,不同相变温度的PCM表现出不同的熔化、凝固特性,当PCM的熔化、凝固过程交替进行时,可减缓土壤温度在运行期间内波动幅度。     

热泵间歇制热及土壤热响应特性的研究

研究了广东地区地源热泵机组间歇式运行模式下埋地管换热器的换热能力及土壤热响应特性。土壤源热泵系统的单U、双U埋地管换热器深30m,在连续运行工况下,系统运行12h后土壤温度变化很小,单U和双U井的土壤平均温度分别下降5.16℃和6.30℃,系统停机后自然恢复到初始温度需要长达75h。分别取开停时间比3h:5h和4h:5h进行实验,并比较了间歇和连续两种工况下地埋管换热能力的大小,发现间歇工况下单U井的换热能力可分别提高8.3%和7.6%,双U井可分别提高10.2%和3.1%。     

A review of the applications of heat pipe heat exchangers for heat recovery

The waste heat recovery by heat pipes is accepted as an excellent way of saving energy and preventing global warming. This paper is a literature review of the application of heat pipes heat exchangers for the heat recovery that is focused on the energy saving and the enhanced effectiveness of the conventional heat pipe (CHP), two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) and oscillating heat pipe (OHP) heat exchangers. The relevant papers were allocated into three main categories, and the experimental studies were summarized. These research papers were analyzed to support future works. Finally, the parameters of effectiveness of the CHP, TPCT and OHP heat exchangers were described. This review article provides additional information for the design of heat pipe heat exchangers with optimum conditions in the heat recovery system.     

Internal heat generation in a discrete heat source: Conjugate heat transfer analysis

In the present work, we conduct an asymptotic and numerical analysis for the cooling process of a discrete heat source, which is placed in a rectangular-channel laminar cooling flow. In our physical model, the heated strip is embedded in a substrate, generating continuously a uniform volumetric heat rate. We assume that this heat-generation mechanism is due to an electrical current in the heat source. Hence, heat losses to the cooling fluid and to the substrate material during this process are presented. The governing equations of the cooling flow and the participating solid are reduced to an integro-differential equation that predicts the temperature variations of the heat source. We show that the conjugate heat transfer process is controlled by a conjugate nondimensional parameter, here denoted by α, which determines the basic heat transfer regimes between the cooling flow and the discrete heat source.     

地源热泵的套管式地下换热器传热研究

地源热泵是一种节能、对环境无害的绿色空调设备,可成为下个世纪冷暖技术的核心,采用能量平衡,建立了地下浅埋套管式换热器传热平衡式,进行求解,并分析了影响传热的各关联因子,提出了需研究的强化地下换热的措施,根据求解结果,给出了相应的函数关系图。对实验设计和工程实践有一定的指导作用。     

Waste heat recovery using heat pipe heat exchanger for heating automobile using exhaust gas

The feasibility of using heat pipe heat exchangers for heating applying automotive exhaust gas is studied and the calculation method is developed. Practical heat pipe heat exchanger is set up for heating HS663, a large bus. Simple experiments are carried out to examine the performance of the heat exchanger. It is shown that the experimental results, which indicate the benefit of exhaust gas heating, are in good agreement with numerical results.     

一种新颖简易的太阳能热动力转换装置--明托热机

明托热机(Minto Engine),俗称明托转轮,它 是通过液体活塞在转轮中不停地变换位置,产生不 同的动力矩,从而驱动转轮旋转的机器。明托热机 最早于1975年被维利·明托(Wally Minto)发明。 早期的明托热机结构十分简单,效率也很低,但由 于它能将低品位热能转变成高品位的动力。因而一 下子吸引了许多科学家的注意。之后,许多学者对 明托热机进行了研究,提出了许多改进的方向和应 用领域,推动了明托热机的发展。     

Forced convection heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks

This paper presents an analysis of forced convection heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks for electronic system cooling. In view of the small dimensions of the microstructures, the microchannel is modeled as a fluid-saturated porous medium. Numerical solutions are obtained based on the Forchheimer–Brinkman-extended Darcy equation for the fluid flow and the two-equation model for heat transfer between the solid and fluid phases. The velocity field in the microchannel is first solved by a finite-difference scheme, and then the energy equations governing the solid and fluid phases are solved simultaneously for the temperature distributions. Also, analytical expressions for the velocity and temperature profiles are presented for a simpler flow model, i.e., the Brinkman-extended Darcy model. This work attempts to perform a systematic study on the effects of major parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of forced convection in the microchannel heat sink. The governing parameters of engineering importance include the channel aspect ratio (α_s), inertial force parameter (Γ), porosity (ε), and the effective thermal conductivity ratio (k_r). The velocity profiles of the fluid in the microchannel, the temperature distributions of the solid and fluid phases, and the overall Nusselt number are illustrated for various values of the problem parameters. It is found that the fluid inertia force alters noticeably the dimensionless velocity distribution and the fluid temperature distribution, while the solid temperature distribution is almost insensitive to the fluid inertia. Moreover, the overall Nusselt number increases with increasing the values of α_s and ε, while it decreases with increasing k_r.     

Frosting of heat pump with heat recovery facility

This paper aims to prolong the heat pump frost time and reduce its growth with heat recovery facility, which should mix the exhausted indoor and outdoor air before entering the evaporator. An ideal mathematic model is developed for heat transfer, frost generation and airside pressure drop. The properties of the mixture would be obtained by solving the mass and energy conservation equations. A parametric analysis is performed to investigate the effects of air inlet temperature, relative humidity and air mass flow rate on total heat transfer coefficient, frost thickness and airside pressure drop, respectively. The results show that rationalizing the ratio of indoor and outdoor air could prolong frosting time and reduce the frost thickness greatly. The total heat transfer coefficient, frost thickness and airside pressure drop increase monotonically with time going, but are not proportional. Decreasing the mixture inlet air temperature and relative humidity could essentially reduce frost growth on the tube surfaces. This can also be observed when increasing the air mass flow rate.     

石墨烯-PFA复合材料换热器与金属换热器的传热性能对比

氟塑料换热器以其耐腐蚀、耐磨损等优点而备受关注,但氟塑料热导率较低,换热能力差,限制了其广泛应用。石墨烯-PFA复合材料兼具石墨烯优异的导热性和可熔性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)良好的耐酸碱腐蚀性,是新一代的换热器材料。搭建了余热回收测试实验台,对石墨烯-PFA复合材料换热器和金属换热器的传热性能进行对比。研究了不同烟气流速、不同进口烟气温度以及不同石墨烯配比对复合材料传热性能的影响。结果表明:对于金属换热器和复合材料换热器,当烟气流速从2.0增加到4.0 m/s时,传热系数分别增加到原来的1.19和1.34倍;随着进口烟温的升高,两种材质的传热系数分别降低了15.6%和14.7%;随着石墨烯含量增加,复合材料的导热系数以及传热系数均增加。