气波增压柴油机性能的影响因素分析

在柴油机上进行了气波增压器的试验研究,为了提高气波增压柴油机的动力性能,对气波增压柴油机性能的影响因素进行了分析。灰色关联理论分析结果表明:进气流量和排气温度对气波增压柴油机的性能影响最大。在改进柴油机的进气管和排气管,加大柴油机进气管面积,并且对排气歧管采取保温措施后,进行的试验表明气波增压柴油机的动力性提高同时NOx的排放降低。     

Effect of air injection on the characteristics of transient response in a turbocharged diesel engine

An experimental study was performed to investigate the improvement of transient characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine under the conditions of low speed and fast acceleration with the load. In this study, the experiment for improving the low speed torque and acceleration performance is performed by means of injecting air into the intake manifold during the period of low speed and application of a fast acceleration. The effects of air injection into the intake manifold on the response performance are investigated at various thermodynamic parameters such as air injection pressure, air injection period, accelerating rate, accelerating time, engine speed and load. The experimental results show that air injection into the intake manifold at compressor exit is closely related to the improvement of low speed and acceleration performance of a turbocharged diesel engine. During the rapid acceleration period, the air injection into the intake manifold of turbocharged diesel engine indicates the improvement of the combustion characteristics and gas pressure in the cylinder. At low speed range of the engine, the effect of air injection shows the improvement of the pressure distribution of turbocharger and combustion pressure during the period of gas exchange pressure.     

基于数值模拟的排气歧管优化策略

在台架试验的基础上,采用一维发动机工作过程计算和三维CFD模拟技术研究了4缸柴油发动机各缸排气温度差异的影响因素.模拟结果表明:台架试验测量的各缸排温差异是受各缸工作过程、测量点位置和排气歧管结构的综合影响,其中排气歧管结构是主要的影响因素.排温测量点位置越接近排气门,越能反映缸内的热负荷状况.基于数值模拟结果,优化了原发动机排气歧管,并提出了排气歧管优化策略.     

SOFIM柴油机气波增压研究

将SOFIM涡轮增压中冷柴油机改造成气波增压中冷柴油机。匹配气波增压器的柴油机需重新设计进、排气管，根据气波增压的要求，采用进气均匀性更好、总管容积更大的进气管及中央出口渐扩式排气管，采用变频电机优化增压器转子与曲轴间的传动速比，使得在整个发动机工况内均能实现较高的增压比。试验结果表明，气波增压柴油机的动力性和排放性能在低转速下优于原机，在中高转速下比原机差，通过设计容量更大的进、排气管及进一步优化速比可改善气波增压柴油机在高工况下的性能。     

大型低速柴油机线性变参数状态空间模型

相对简单而准确的模型是现代控制算法设计的基础，是提高柴油机电控稳定性和性能指标，从而提高柴油机经济性并降低排放污染的基础。对平均值模型进行了简化，在此基础上选取柴油机转速、扫气箱压力、排气管压力和压气机功率为状态变量，转化为四阶线性变参数状态空间模型。以6S60MC型船用大型低速柴油机为例进行了仿真计算，并与平均值模型作了对比分析。结果表明，本模型相对简单而准确，可用于船用柴油机控制算法的设计分析。     

柴油/甲醇发动机的研究与应用

研究了进气预混甲醇柴油发动机的排放性能和经济性能,开发了控制甲醇喷射的电控装置,并在汽车上进行了应用。结果表明,利用进气管喷射甲醇与空气形成均匀的预混合气,在气缸内由柴油引燃的方法,可有效地降低柴油机碳烟和NOx的排放量,甲醇对柴油的替代率达到35.1%,并获得良好的经济性。     

直流扫气柴油机扫气流场分析

利用三维流体动力学(CFD)仿真软件FIRE,建立了二冲程柴油机气缸直流扫气三维模型,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了扫气口设计参数对换气过程的影响,对不同的气口设计方案下的气缸内残余废气浓度随曲轴转角的变化过程作了细致的描述,并对扫气口径向倾斜角的变化对换气过程的影响做了更进一步的探讨.     

车用柴油机4气门结构设计研究

运用一维气体流动模拟软件BOOST，对某公司的一款2气门柴油机改成4气门后的流动过程建立计算模型，对改型后柴油机的主要结构参数，如气门直径、气道直径、歧管直径、配气相位进行换气过程模拟计算。当该机采用直径分别为39．0mm的进气门、37．5～30．0mm的渐缩进气道、53．0mm的进气歧管、32．5mm的排气门、23．0mm的等直径排气管、32．5mm的排气歧管时可以获得较好的换气性能。通过对配气相位进行改进和优化，可以在整个转速范围内得到较理想的换气性能。     

基于欧VI排放标准的中型柴油机排气热管理试验研究

尾气后处理的转化效率受排温影响,而柴油机中低负荷下排温较低,难以满足要求。以某中型柴油机为对象,针对影响排温的进气节流阀(IAT)、电控废气旁通阀(EWG)和排气背压阀(EAT)进行了中低负荷稳态点控制策略的试验研究。试验结果表明:在满足低排放和低油耗的前提下,仅靠单一排气热管理措施难以提高排温,须两种或两种以上措施合理匹配,共同作用。基于此,提出了可行的排气热管理方案,并在WHTC测试循环下验证了该方案可使试验柴油机在保证经济性和排放的变化在可接受范围内,满足排温要求。     

４９３ＺＱ柴油机匹配气波增压器的研究

介绍了在４９３ＺＱ柴油机上匹配大容积进气管、渐扩式排气管的方法，以及在气波增压器与发动机之间寻找理想的转速比，对气波增压柴油机的性能及排气净化进行的试验研究，获得了实用的匹配规律。试验结果证明，与原涡轮增压样机相比，采用变速比的气波增压样机具有非常优良的排放性能和瞬态响应性能，同时还具有良好的动力性、经济性、加速时不冒黑烟，彻底克服了涡轮增压柴油机瞬态响应滞后、低速供气量小的弱点。采用新型转子的ＣＸ－１０２型气波增压器有效地降低了噪声。     

柴油机排气歧管流场分析与结构优化

建立了柴油机排气歧管的三维结构模型,并应用计算流体动力学软件分析流场。描述了排气管中的典型流动,并根据计算结果对排气管进行了优化。优化后的排气歧管模型内腔容积减小,管内部分漩涡消失,流通阻力减小,各缸流量均匀性提高。     

Influence of intake manifold design on in-cylinder flow and engine performances in a bus diesel engine converted to LPG gas fuelled, using CFD analyses and experimental investigations

Diesel engines, especially for trucks and buses, cause many economical and ecological problems. Diesel exhaust emissions are a major source of pollution in most urban centers around the world. Furthermore, the price of crude oil continues to increase rapidly. The use of alternative fuels (liquified petroleum gas, LPG and compressed natural gas, CNG) and the optimization of combustion present effective solutions. Improving combustion is directly related to improving the intake aerodynamic movements which is influenced by the inlet system, especially the intake manifold. In this paper we have studied the geometry effects of two intake manifolds on the in-cylinder flows by two methods, numerically and experimentally. These two manifolds are mounted on a fully instrumented, six-cylinder, 13.8 l displacement, heavy duty, IVECO engine, installed at the authors’ laboratory, which is used to power the urban bus diesel engines in Sfax. This engine was modified to bi-fuel spark ignition engine gasoline and gas fuelling. The 1st manifold presents an unspecified geometry whereas the 2nd presents an optimal filling geometry.A three-dimensional numerical modeling of the turbulent in-cylinder flow through the two manifolds was undertaken. The model is based on solving Navier-Stokes and energy equations in conjunction with the standard k-ε turbulence model, using the 3D CFD code FloWorks. This modeling made it possible to provide a fine knowledge of in-flow structures, in order to examine the adequate manifold. Experimental measurements are also carried out to validate this manifold by measuring the important engine performances. Brake power (BP), brake torque (BT) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), are increased by 16%, 13.9%, and 12.5%, respectively, using optimal manifold. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is reduced by 28%. Simulation and experiments results confirmed the benefits of the optimized manifold geometry on the in-cylinder flow and engine performances.     

Experimental investigation on biogas enrichment with hydrogen for improving the combustion in diesel engine operating under dual fuel mode

Biogas valorization as fuel for internal combustion engines is one of the alternative fuels, which could be an interesting way to cope the fossil fuel depletion and the current environmental degradation. In this circumstance, an experimental investigation is achieved on a single cylinder DI diesel engine running under dual fuel mode with a focus on the improvement of biogas/diesel fuel combustion by hydrogen enrichment. In the present investigation, the mixture of biogas, containing 70% CH₄ and 30% CO₂, is blended with the desired amount of H₂ (up to 10, 15 and 20% by volume) by using MTI 200 analytical instrument gas chromatograph, which flow thereafter towards the engine intake manifold and mix with the intake air. Depending on engine load conditions, the volumetric composition of the inducted gaseous fraction is 20–50% biogas, 2–10% H₂ and 45–78% air. Near the end of the compression stroke, a small amount of diesel pilot fuel is injected to initiate the combustion of the gas–air mixture. Firstly, the engine was tested on conventional diesel mode (baseline case) and then under dual fuel mode using the biogas. Consequently, hydrogen has partially enriched the biogas. Combustion characteristics, performance parameters and pollutant emissions were investigated in-depth and compared. The results have shown that biogas enriched with 20% H₂ leads to 20% decrease of methane content in the overall exhaust emissions, associated with an improvement in engine performance. The emission levels of unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are decreased up to 25% and 30% respectively. When the equivalence ratio is increased, a supplement decrease in UHC and CO emissions is achieved up to 28% and 30% respectively when loading the engine at 60%.     

Evaluation of a new computational fluid dynamics model for internal combustion engines using hydrogen under motoring conditions

The present work conducts a preliminary evaluation of a new CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model, which is under development at the authors' laboratory. Using this model, it is feasible to understand how the intake manifold and in-cylinder geometry affect the in-cylinder flow field and the mixing processes taking place in an Otto (spark-ignition) engine. The model is applied on a high-swirl, two-valve, four-stroke, transparent combustion chamber engine running under motoring conditions. To investigate the fuel–air mixing process, hydrogen is injected in the intake manifold. To evaluate the model three case studies are examined. First, the model is applied to simulate the external mixing in the intake manifold with a tee-mixer injection system. Secondly, the transient gas flow field in the intake manifold and engine cylinder is examined over the complete engine cycle. Finally, the transient mixing process in the intake manifold and the spatial and temporal distribution of species concentrations inside the cylinder are numerically computed using the developed model. To validate the model, the results obtained through the test cases examined are compared either with available experimental data or with simulated results, which are obtained using a commercially available CFD code applied under the same conditions.     

双燃料发动机天然气逃逸的仿真研究

以Z6170型柴油机改造后的进气总管喷射进气柴油/LNG双燃料发动机为研究对象,在Fluent软件环境中,运用动网格技术模拟气门重叠期天然气逃逸过程,定量分析转速、进气提前角和排气迟闭角对双燃料发动机气门重叠期天然气逃逸的影响。仿真结果表明:进气总管喷射进气双燃料发动机气门重叠期存在天然气逃逸现象;在其他条件相同的情况下,发动机转速升高,一个工作循环内气门重叠期CH_4逃逸量减少;气门重叠角大小对气门重叠期CH_4逃逸的影响最大,特别是进气提前角影响尤为突出。     

Performance of a stationary diesel engine using vapourized ethanol as supplementary fuel

The modification and testing of a compression ignition engine using diesel and vapourized ethanol as fuel has been carried out. Tests on the engine fuelled with diesel only were made, and the performance evaluated to form a basis for comparison for those of ethanol–diesel dual fuelling.

Modifications were made in the introduction of the ethanol and air. A carburettor was used to vapourize aqueous ethanol into the engine. The effect of preheating the intake ethanol–air mixture was also investigated. Performance was evaluated in terms of engine horsepower, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, the exhaust gas temperature, lubricating oil temperature and exhaust emissions. The vapourized ethanol partially reduced diesel fuel consumption but also increased total fuel delivery. Vapourization increased power output, thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions but lowered exhaust temperature and lubricating oil temperatures.     

基于CFD模拟的某低速柴油机排气集管结构优化设计

为判断某低速柴油机排气集管设计的合理性,对该排气集管的内部流场进行了 CFD分析.分析表明:原始排气集管结构设计存在问题.对此进行了优化改进.优化前后的CFD对比分析表明:优化后排气集管内部流道得到改善,内截面速度均匀性提高,压力损失减小,排气集管整体性能得到明显提高.     

基于时空守恒方法的内燃机进排气系统一维非定常流计算模拟

本文运用时空守恒元与解元方法对进排气系统中的气体流动进行了模拟计算。以某单缸汽油机为实例进行计算，计算结果与实测值吻合较好，同时预测了某柴油机在不同工况时的残余废气系数。     

Emission and engine performance analysis of a diesel engine using hydrogen enriched pomegranate seed oil biodiesel

The aim of this study is to determine the availability of pomegranate seed oil biodiesel (POB) as an alternative fuel in diesel engines and evaluate engine performance and emission characteristics of pure hydrogen enriched POB using diesel engine. For this purpose, the intake manifold of the test engine was modified and hydrogen enriched intake air was supplied throughout the experiments. Physical properties of POB and its blend with diesel fuel were also determined. The results showed that measured physical properties of POB are comparable with diesel fuel. According to engine performance experiments, although POB utilization has slight undesirable effects on some engine performance parameters such as brake power output and specific fuel consumption, it can be used as alternative fuel in diesel engines, by this way CO emission can be improved. Finally, hydrogen enrichment experiments indicated that pure hydrogen addition causes a slight improvement in both engine performance and exhaust emissions.     

带有进排气旁通的相继增压柴油机的计算分析

建立了带有进排气旁通的相继增压柴油机稳态仿真程序,缸内过程采用充满与排空法,进排气过程采用一维非定常流动模型,选择有限体积法对其进行离散求解。对某船用带有进排气旁通的相继增压柴油机,进行了多组性能模拟计算,结果表明:计算结果与试验数据基本一致;柴油机转速在855～920 r/min时,开启旁通阀,能增加压气机的空气流量,避免喘振,并提高了增压压力,降低了排温,改善了柴油机的大扭矩性能,但柴油机的经济性有少量降低。