地埋管流体速度对地源热泵系统运行性能影响研究北大核心CSCD

文章综合考虑热泵机组和埋管侧循环水泵总的运行能耗,建立了地源热泵系统耦合仿真平台,研究了不同地埋管换热流体速度对系统运行性能的影响,并进一步分析了不同因素对最佳运行流速的影响规律。研究结果表明,系统最佳运行流速为0.2~0.4 m/s,与0.6 m/s相比,系统全年运行能耗至少可降低7.2%~8.5%。土壤的热导率和比热容、管间距、回填材料以及管壁粗糙度和水泵效率基本不影响最佳运行流速范围。随着压缩机整体效率提高,最佳运行流速降低0.2~0.3 m/s,系统年运行能耗进一步降低了10.7%~11.7%。     

一种提取次表层海水冷量的新型换热方案

提出了一种新的冷媒水与海水在海中进行换热的方案.将自来水作为冷媒水,通过输水管道送入设置于海中一定深度的换热单元,与次表层海水换热后通过地下含水层输送到用冷区域.在不同管径和流速的情况下进行的热力学计算表明,流速较小、管径较小时单管换热情况较好;在满足总供冷量一定的条件下,换热管径为0.7m、流速为0.1m/s时总输水耗功及总管长最小.与陆上换热方案相比,海中换热方案能够应用于盐度较高的海区,减少输水耗功,提高海水的冷量利用率.     

主蒸汽管径对余热锅炉设计的影响

本文以某公司F级燃机余热锅炉为例，选三种主蒸汽管径计算管道压降与温降，探求对余热锅炉高压过热器和蒸发器换热面的影响，认为高压主蒸汽管道选型应与余热锅炉设计同步优化确定，并认为管内蒸汽流速在30～40m／s之间比较合适。     

碟式聚光斯特林系统地面混凝土桩储热研究

为了解决碟式太阳能斯特林发电系统的储能问题，建立1 kW β型碟式斯特林发动机储能的地上混凝土储热单元，采用计算流体力学方法，针对熔融盐流速v、储热时间t、换热管管径D、熔融盐初始温度T对混凝土桩蓄热量Q和对流换热系数h的影响进行双因素分析。结果表明：v与Q呈线性关系，但v的增大导致接触时间减少而不能充分换热，最佳流速为3 m/s;D越大达到相同Q所需时间就越短，但大管径会导致混凝土体积降低、蓄热量减少，管径为25 mm最佳；随着v的增加达到相同h所需温度越低；h随D的增大而减小，D越大达到相同h所需温度越高。通过优化管型，采用S型换热管，使得对流换热系数、蓄热量、蓄热效率都较直型换热管有所提高。     

海水源空调用盘管换热节能效果分析

为了研究海水源空调用盘管换热器节能效果,采用现场实验的方法对盘管单位管长换热量进行测定.基于实验测试值,结合工程实例,对海水源空调系统冷却水采用盘管换热器获取方式和传统冷却塔在节能、经济和环境方面进行对比.研究结果表明,管内流速越大换热量越大,在流速为0.7 m/s时,PE32的换热管单位管长换热量为27.2 W/m.此外,夏季采用盘管与海水换热制备冷却水的海水源空调系统经济性和环境效益明显.     

椭圆形换热单管积灰特性的数值模拟研究

椭圆形换热管作为一种强化换热元件,在抗积灰性能方面具有一定优势。本文基于ANSYS FLUENT软件平台建立了一套模拟程序,针对椭圆形换热单管的积灰特性展开了数值模拟研究。重点研究了换热管的椭圆度、烟气流速以及飞灰颗粒粒径对飞灰沉积特性的影响。研究表明,当换热管的椭圆度在1 ~ 2之间变化时,5 ~ 100 μm粒径的颗粒沉积率最小值大体分布在1.2 ~ 1.6之间;烟气流速在1.14 ~ 9 m/s变化时,粒径30 μm以上颗粒的撞击率增大,但黏附率下降,最终沉积率呈下降趋势;随着颗粒直径的增大,颗粒的撞击率增大,但其黏附率下降,而其沉积率先增大后降低,烟气流速在3 ~ 9 m/s变化时,颗粒沉积率的峰值出现在粒径为20 ~ 30 μm之间。     

矩形通道内过冷流动沸腾传热特性试验研究

以高强化发动机缸盖材料蠕铁作为加热块材料,在矩形通道内开展了接近发动机冷却系统的不同流动工况下过冷沸腾传热特性的试验研究。流动工况取发动机常用范围:压力为0.10~0.25MPa,主流温度为60~95℃,流速为0.347~6m/s。研究结果表明:提高冷却液流速可以强化壁面对流换热强度,但是存在沸腾换热的低流速工况同样能够达到高流速工况下换热效果,系统压力和主流温度都会影响冷却液过冷度,进而影响沸腾传热效果。可视化结果表明:气泡直径增大、生长频率升高及气泡之间相互作用都会使气泡对边界层流体扰动增强,从而提高传热效率。在压力为0.2MPa、主流温度为95℃、流速为1m/s工况下,在壁温达到170℃以上时沸腾开始出现,在壁温达到210℃时,沸腾传热效率比单相对流换热提高了40%以上。     

基于三维CFD技术的发动机冷却水套流动分析

利用计算流体力学软件对发动机冷却水套流动进行了三维数值模拟研究.研究结果表明:平均流速大于0.5m/s时,气缸体水套内表面的上部平均流速和换热系数均比下部高;缸盖火力面冷却效果较好,换热系数高于10kW/(m~2·K),流速大于1.0m/s,但冷却效果欠均匀;总压力降为38.2kPa;上水孔的布置和尺寸使缸盖下层的各火力面有较好的冷却效果.     

挡板对某双层U型管流动特征的影响

针对双层U型管中有无挡板及其安放位置对流动特征的影响展开研究。热水入口流速0.5m/s,冷水入口流速1.0m/s,使用商用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS FLUENT进行流场数值模拟,得到了管道内流体速度、涡量、压力和温度的分布。设置挡板后,管道内湍动剧烈,涡强度增强,平均流速先增大后减小。设置挡板可以显著改善隔板出口处的压力分布情况,而随着挡板到隔板距离的增大,挡板处的压差逐渐增大。无挡板时,出口处流体间换热效果最好,设置挡板后,随着挡板到隔板距离的增大,换热效果变差。     

毛细管网辐射空调末端换热性能实验研究

为了研究毛细管网空调末端的换热性能,对郑州中南科莱空调设备有限公司会议厅毛细管网空调辐射系统空调末端进行了设计计算,并在该系统上进行了冬季供暖实验研究,通过分析实验数据,计算得到毛细管网辐射末端的平均换热量和综合传热系数,分别为38.95 W/m2和4.14 W/（m2·K）,与已有经验数据基本吻合,但是由于实验条件的局限性,该结果有待进一步校核。     

Numerical Modeling of Heat Transfer for Gas-Solid Flow in Vertical Pipes

A two-fluid model (TFM) based on the kinetic theory was used to study the heat transfer of gas-solid flows in a vertical pneumatic conveyor. A 2-D, vertical pipe with 1.1 m length and 0.017 m internal diameter was chosen as the computation domain. Pipeline has 0.86 m heat transfer section after a 0.28 m developing section. It was found that the voidage has minimum and dimensionless velocities, and temperatures have maximum values in the centerline. A convective heat transfer coefficient decreases along the pipeline, and it was found that the heat transfer coefficient of gas-solid flow is greater than clean gas.     

Heat extraction from salinity-gradient solar ponds using heat pipe heat exchangers

This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical analysis on the heat extraction process from solar pond by using the heat pipe heat exchanger. In order to conduct research work, a small scale experimental solar pond with an area of 7.0 m² and a depth of 1.5 m was built at Khon Kaen in North-Eastern Thailand (16°27′N102°E). Heat was successfully extracted from the lower convective zone (LCZ) of the solar pond by using a heat pipe heat exchanger made from 60 copper tubes with 21 mm inside diameter and 22 mm outside diameter. The length of the evaporator and condenser section was 800 mm and 200 mm respectively. R134a was used as the heat transfer fluid in the experiment. The theoretical model was formulated for the solar pond heat extraction on the basis of the energy conservation equations and by using the solar radiation data for the above location. Numerical methods were used to solve the modeling equations. In the analysis, the performance of heat exchanger is investigated by varying the velocity of inlet air used to extract heat from the condenser end of the heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE). Air velocity was found to have a significant influence on the effectiveness of heat pipe heat exchanger. In the present investigation, there was an increase in effectiveness by 43% as the air velocity was decreased from 5 m/s to 1 m/s. The results obtained from the theoretical model showed good agreement with the experimental data.     

A comparison of the predicted and experimental heat transfer performance of a finned tube evaporator

Experimental data have been generated for a single-circuit, multi-pass finned tube heat exchanger representative of an element of a typical packaged air conditioning unit evaporator. The data have been used to validate a cross flow heat exchanger computer program (ACOL5), developed originally for large scale steam plant, for air conditioning applications. The tests were conducted for a wide range of spatially uniform air flow conditions on to the coil, together with a variety of R22 refrigerant entry dryness fractions. The correspondence between the predicted and experimental heat transfer performance was good, thus suggesting that the program could be used with a degree of confidence in the design of air conditioning and refrigerant equipment. A particular application is that of prediction of the effects of maldistribution of air flow through heat exchangers, a common cause of loss of efficiency in air conditioning and refrigeration units; this topic is addressed in a companion paper.     

Optimum design of double pipe heat exchanger

Heat exchangers are used in industrial processes to recover heat between two process fluids. Although the necessary equations for heat transfer and the pressure drop in a double pipe heat exchanger are available, using these equations the optimization of the system cost is laborious. In this paper the optimal design of the exchanger has been formulated as a geometric programming with a single degree of difficulty. The solution of the problem yields the optimum values of inner pipe diameter, outer pipe diameter and utility flow rate to be used for a double pipe heat exchanger of a given length, when a specified flow rate of process stream is to be treated for a given inlet to outlet temperature.     

小型热管能量回收机组的实验研究

根据传热学原理,对热虹吸管换热器的传热热阻进行分析,得出影响其热传效率的主要因素为外部对流换热热阻。如何强化热管与外界传热是热虹吸管换热器设计的关键。同时在研究热虹吸管传热的基础上,根据风机盘管的结构,研制出小型吊装单元式热虹吸管能量回收机组。在冬季工况下,通过实验分析了室外新风温度、倾角、迎面风速、室内外温差等参数对样机温度效率的影响,以及样机回收热量与迎面风速的关系,并对样机做经济效益分析,为工程应用提供了参考依据。     

Heat transfer coefficients under dry- and wet-surface conditions for a spirally coiled finned tube heat exchanger

In the present study, the average tube-side and air-side heat transfer coefficients in a spirally coiled finned tube heat exchanger under dry- and wet-surface conditions are experimentally investigated. The test section is a spiral-coil heat exchanger, which consists of six layers of concentric spirally coiled tube. Each tube is fabricated by bending a 9.6-mm outside diameter straight copper tube into a spiral coil of four turns. Aluminium fins with thickness 0.6 mm and outside diameter 28.4 mm are placed helically around the tube. The chilled water and the hot air are used as working fluids. The test runs are done at the air and water mass flow rates ranging between 0.02 and 0.2 kg/s and between 0.04 and 0.25 kg/s, respectively. The inlet-air and -water temperatures are between 35 and 60 °C and between 10 and 35 °C, respectively. The effects of the inlet conditions of both working fluids flowing through the heat exchanger on the heat transfer coefficients are discussed. New correlations based on the data gathered during this work for predicting the tube-side and air-side heat transfer coefficients for the spirally coiled finned tube heat exchanger are proposed.     

Numerical evaluation and the effects of geometrical and operational parameters on thermal performance of the shell and double coil tube heat exchanger

Heat exchangers are extensively used in various industries. In this study, the impact of geometric and flow parameters on the performance of a shell and double helical coil heat exchanger is studied numerically. The investigated geometric parameters include external coil pitch, internal coil pitch, internal coil diameter, and coil diameter. The influences of considered geometrical parameters are analyzed on the output temperature of the hot and cold fluid, convective heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and average Nusselt number. Water is considered as working fluid in both shell and tube. As an innovation, double helical coils are used instead of one in the heat exchanger. To compare the obtained results accurately, in each section, the heat transfer area (coil outer surface) is kept constant in all models. The results show that the geometrical parameters of double helical coils significantly affect the heat transfer rate.     

An experimental study of thermal performance of shell-and-coil heat exchangers

In the present study an experimental investigation of the mixed convection heat transfer in a coil-in-shell heat exchanger is reported for various Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, various tube-to-coil diameter ratios and dimensionless coil pitch. The purpose of this article is to assess the influence of the tube diameter, coil pitch, shell-side and tube-side mass flow rate over the performance coefficient and modified effectiveness of vertical helical coiled tube heat exchangers. The calculations have been performed for the steady-state and the experiments were conducted for both laminar and turbulent flow inside coil. It was found that the mass flow rate of tube-side to shell-side ratio was effective on the axial temperature profiles of heat exchanger. The results also indicate that the ? − NTU relation of the mixed convection heat exchangers was the same as that of a pure counter-flow heat exchanger.     

Numerical Investigation of Conjugate Heat Transfer to Supercritical CO2 in a Vertical Tube-in-Tube Heat Exchanger

Conjugate heat transfer to supercritical CO₂ in a vertical tube-in-tube heat exchanger was numerically investigated. The results demonstrate that most models considered are able to reproduce the heat transfer processes qualitatively, and the Abe, Kondoh, and Nagano model shows optimal agreement with the experimental data. The influences of hot fluid mass flux and temperature of the shell side, supercritical fluid mass flux of the tube side, flow direction, and pipe diameter on conjugate heat transfer were investigated based on velocity and turbulence fields. It is concluded that hot fluid mass flux and temperature of the shell side significantly affect heat transfer of the tube side. Mixed convection is the main heat transfer mechanism for the supercritical CO₂ conjugate heat transfer process when the inner diameter of the tube is greater than 1 mm. In addition, density variation is highly significant for heat transfer of supercritical CO₂ while high viscosity hinders the distortion of the flow field and reduces deterioration in heat transfer.     

Experimental investigation of wraparound loop heat pipe heat exchanger used in energy efficient air handling units

Building legislation along with environmental and comfort concerns are increasingly driving designers of building services and air conditioning equipment towards more energy efficient solutions. Heat pipe technology is emerging as a viable, efficient and environmentally-sound technology for applications in efficient air handling unit designs. In this paper, an experimental investigation on the thermal performance of an air-to-air heat exchanger, which utilises heat pipe technology, will be presented. The heat exchanger consisted of 7 loop heat pipes with finned evaporator and condenser sections. The heat exchanger was fully instrumented to test for the effect of the variation of heat load and the air velocity, through the heat exchanger, on the overall thermal resistance of the loops. The values of the effectiveness of the heat pipe heat exchanger are shown to vary with the air velocity as expected but the results also allow the prediction of effectiveness variation with the heat load and operating temperature (previously assumed to be constant). The results allow an interpretation of the overall thermal performance of each loop heat pipe as a function of the load and air velocity. The paper concludes with a theoretical analysis of the energy savings that would be expected when utilising the technology in a representative application.