微波谐振腔内强化换热的实验研究

微波热风技术是以微波为热源,利用吸波材料作为微波加热体,在微波场内吸收微波能,转换为热能后通过强化换热与冷空气进行热交换,实现微波热能的利用的微波热风新技术,具有清洁、温度稳定性好、热效率高、能耗低等优点。微波谐振腔内强化换热结构是保证微波热风系统正常高效运行的重要环节,也是微波热风技术的关键所在。对比了两种不同的微波谐振腔内强化换热结构,并探究了通过不同微波功率、换热结构、风速、散热对保温箱内温度的影响。     

太阳能热风发电技术及其应用

在太阳能热气流发电的基础上增设进风口,形成了利用太阳能和风能的太阳能热风发电系统。建立了太阳能热风发电热动力稳态数学模型,通过此模型可判断出发电系统的稳定性,并可解出热风风速、集热棚出口温度及稳态数学模型的其它参数。文章介绍了太阳能热风发电系统的实际运行情况,运行结果与数学模型计算结果相吻合。理论分析和运行实践表明,提高塔筒高度、加大塔筒内外温差、增加集热棚的太阳能吸收率、增大集热棚面积系数及风力发电机组的风能利用率,是提高太阳能热风发电量的途径。     

微波制备V-Mn/TiO_2脱硝催化剂及性能研究

利用浸渍法制备了二氧化钛负载型锰钒复合氧化物SCR脱硝催化剂,探讨微波干燥技术对其SCR脱硝性能的影响规律、探讨最佳微波干燥参数并揭示钒锰负载量的影响规律。结果表明:与传统干燥相比,微波干燥能够大幅度提高复合催化剂的低温SCR脱硝活性,活性温度250℃时,传统干燥所制备的催化剂其脱硝效率为51.9%,微波干燥使其脱硝效率提高了31.7个百分点,达83.6%。并借助XRD、SEM和BET对复合催化剂的晶相、微观结构及比表面积进行了表征,与常规干燥相比,微波干燥能够提高活性组分在载体上的分散度,改善催化剂的孔隙率结构。微波干燥的最佳参数为:微波功率210 W;微波时间20 min;锰钒的最佳负载量分别为3%和5%。     

环境风对直接空冷岛换热的影响

以国内蒙达电厂600MW直接空冷机组为例,针对当前直接空冷机组运行中的突出问题——环境风的不利影响,利用CFD数值模拟软件Fluent,对空冷岛外部流场进行数值模拟。发现炉后来风、热风回流、倒灌是造成空冷岛换热效率下降的主要因素,分析了炉后来风、热风回流、倒灌等对空冷岛外部流场和换热性能的影响机理,并得到环境风速与热风回流和倒灌的关系。     

磺化燃硫炉热风的回收利用

介绍了燃硫炉热风产生的过程，对热风回收利用系统进行了技术经济比较，将热风用于采暖系统表明，即节约了换热蒸汽耗量，又使这部分热量得到了充分利用，经济效益明显，对于节能具有重要的实际意义。     

热风热油载体锅炉的优化设计与仿真

基于能源合理有效利用的观点,开发出一套用于热风热油载体锅炉的优化设计和数值仿真系统。该方法综合运用了数据库管理系统、面向对象的编程技术和三维机械设计及其图像处理技术,使对热风热油载体锅炉的初步结构设计、热工计算及详细结构设计在电脑窗体中实现交互呈现,并可直接输出装配图、零件图和工程图,使设计成本大大降低,有一定的推广价值。     

太阳能热风发电技术应用与示范

文章设计一种新型的风光耦合发电技术。在设计结果的基础上,建立了热动力稳态数学模型并进行仿真,仿真结果验证了提高太阳能热风发电量的途径是升高塔筒高度、提高集热棚吸收能量的功率。其实际运行结果验证了数学模型的正确性,表明了当外界环境风速越大,光照强度越高时,系统的发电功率就越大。该电站的建设为今后太阳能热风发电系统的设计与建设提供了理论支撑及具体的技术指导。     

燃用玉米芯的循环流化床锅炉热风系统研究与设计

介绍了一种循环流化床锅炉热风系统的设计,该系统的热源为一燃用玉米芯的循环流化床热水锅炉,燃料燃烧产生的热首先产生热水,热水在换热器内与空气换热,然后产生43℃热风.这套系统设计关键为锅炉的燃烧温度选择、灰渣质量平衡以及如何保证热风风温稳定等.为进行这套系统的设计,通过试验研究了玉米芯在流化床内的燃烧特性、灰渣结焦特性以及循环床回料器的回料特性.在试验基础上,设计了这套热风系统,这套热风系统由锅炉、换热器、调节系统、除尘器等组成.首台采用该技术的热风系统已在山东登海先锋种业公司投产.这套系统可作为设计燃用稻壳、秸秆等其他生物质燃料锅炉的参考.     

燃用生物质的循环流化床热风系统结构与运行

本文介绍了一种燃用生物质玉米芯的循环流化床热风系统的结构及其运行，这套系统利用玉米芯燃烧产生的热量来生产热风，热风供种子烘干企业烘干玉米种子式样。本文主要介绍这套系统的组成以及主要部分的结构，首台采用该技术的热风系统已在山东登海先锋种业公司投产。运行中主要出现的问题是锅炉尾部积灰比较严重。     

热泵技术在食品干燥中的应用

一、前言许多食品加工（含农副产品）都需经干燥处理,且多属低温干燥（0℃～80℃）。常规采用自然风干、电热、锅炉制热热风干燥、冷冻干燥、真空干燥、微波干燥等干燥方法。每种方法在干燥质量、干燥时间、干燥能耗、设备投资等方面均存在某项明显不足,而热泵干燥技术与上述常规干燥方法相比,具有明显综合优势，应用前景广阔。     

空气作工质的真空集热管内流动与换热分析

针对热水作工质时真空集热管内普遍存在的冻结、腐蚀等问题,本文采用空气作工质,推导了空气作工质时真空集热管的集热效率、热损系数和集热管出口温度的方程,分析了影响空气作工质时各项参数对集热器热性能的影响。通过改变集热管进口空气流量来获得尽可能高出口温度的热空气,从而降低热损系数,提高集热效率。此外,由于热空气可以直接送入干燥室干燥物料,不需要二次转换,节能效果好。由理论分析和试验结果可以预见,利用空气作工质的真空传热管具有潜在的应用价值和前景。     

Computational model to predict thermal dynamics of planar solid oxide fuel cell stack during start-up process

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems have been recognized as the most advanced power generation system with the highest thermal efficiency with a compatibility with wide variety of hydrocarbon fuels, synthetic gas from coal, hydrogen, etc. However, SOFC requires high temperature operation to achieve high ion conductivity of ceramic electrolyte, and thus SOFC should be heated up first before fuel is supplied into the stack. This paper presents computational model for thermal dynamics of planar SOFC stack during start-up process. SOFC stack should be heated up as quickly as possible from ambient temperature to above 700 °C, while minimizing net energy consumption and thermal gradient during the heat up process. Both cathode and anode channels divided by current-collecting ribs were modeled as one-dimensional flow channels with multiple control volumes and all the solid structures were discretized into finite volumes. Two methods for stack-heating were investigated; one is with hot air through cathode channels and the other with electric heating inside a furnace. For the simulation of stack-heating with hot air, transient continuity, flow momentum, and energy equation were applied for discretized control volumes along the flow channels, and energy equations were applied to all the solid structures with appropriate heat transfer model with surrounding solid structures and/or gas channels. All transient governing equations were solved using a time-marching technique to simulate temporal evolution of temperatures of membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA), ribs, interconnects, flow channels, and solid housing structure located inside the insulating chamber. For electrical heating, uniform heat flux was applied to the stack surface with appropriate numerical control algorithm to maintain the surface temperature to certain prescribed value. The developed computational model provides very effective simulation tool to optimize stack-heating process minimizing net heating energy and thermal gradient within the stack.     

The thermodynamic effect of thermal energy storage on compressed air energy storage system

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy into energy market, it is urgent to solve the problem of fluctuations of renewable energy sources (RES). Energy storage technology is regarded as one method to cope with the unstable nature of RES. One of these technologies is compressed air energy storage (CAES), which is a modification of the basic gas turbine technology. Electric power supplied by CAES can meet peak-load requirement of electric utility systems. Because there is heat waste in the existing CAES systems during compression process, fossil fuels are used to improve the expansion work to generate peak power. In order to avoid the use of fuels and keep high efficiency of system, CAES system with thermal energy storage (TES) is designed to capture and reuse the compressed air heat. This paper uses a thermodynamic model of a CAES system with TES to analyze the effect of TES on system efficiency. Besides, this paper evaluates the influence of temperature and pressure on the utilization of heat in TES. Results show that even when power efficiency reaches maximum, there is still a proportion of thermal energy left in TES for other use. Meanwhile, the utilization of heat in TES can be affected by pressure in the air storage chamber. With appropriate selection of pressure limits, the utilization of compressed air heat can be optimized.     

固-固相变蓄热材料在太阳能高温空气集热系统中的应用研究

为利用太阳能获得稳定持续的高温空气工质,除了有效集热外,还需要解决因太阳辐射强度变化导致输出工质温度波动的问题。在性能优良的太阳能集热系统中采用蓄热技术是解决此问题的有效途径。根据给定的设计目标,研究将固-固相变蓄热材料季戊四醇应用到太阳能集热蓄热一体化的实验装置中。实验结果表明:按集热蓄热一体化思路设计的实验装置,集热单元能够输出最高温度超过220℃的高温空气,蓄热单元能够将高温空气的温度稳定在蓄热材料的相变温度附近。并且随着蓄热管级数的增加,空气出口温度稳定的时间就越长,为利用太阳能获得稳定持续的高温热媒工质奠定了基础。     

Comparison of energy consumption and specific energy requirements of different methods for drying mushroom slices

Energy consumption for drying of mushroom slices was evaluated using various drying methods including hot air, microwave, vacuum, infrared, microwave-vacuum and hot air-infrared. Results of data analysis showed that the lowest and highest energy consumption levels in drying mushroom slices were associated with microwave and vacuum dryers, respectively. The use of vacuum in conjunction with microwave drying increased energy consumption relative to microwave drying alone. Energy consumption in the hot air dryer showed a downward trend with increasing temperature and an upward trend with increasing air velocity. In drying mushroom using infrared radiation, it was observed that increased air velocity increases drying time and consequently the amount of consumed energy. Using a combination of hot air and infrared drying decreased energy consumption relative to infrared drying alone and increased it relative to hot air drying. In the combined microwave-vacuum dryer, drying time and consequently energy consumption decreased in comparison to the vacuum dryer. Hot air-infrared drying of mushroom slices proved to have the lowest energy consumption.     

Comparative study on dehydrogenation of bulky,branched and polycondensed naphthenes for hydrogen storage in microwave and thermal modes

Microwave radiation can effectively heat chemical reactors in which bulky, branched and polycondensed naphthenes convert into the appropriate aromatics at atmospheric pressure. Two types of catalysts, traditional Pt/C and bifunctional Ni–silica–alumina, were used for dehydrogenation of naphthenes under microwave radiation. From the dehydrogenation reaction in microwave mode and in conventional heating mode, it was found that the catalytic activity in microwave mode increased more greatly than that in conventional heating mode at the same reaction temperatures. Such an effect may result from the fact that the temperature of the metal particles (Pt, Ni) in microwave mode is higher than the average temperature of the catalyst bed in thermal mode.     

炼油装置加热炉节能途径与制约因素

加热炉是炼油装置的能耗大户,其节能水平对于提高炼油装置的节能水平具有重要意义。介绍了加热炉主要的节能途径：优化换热流程,降低加热炉热负荷;加热炉与其他设备联合回收余热;降低排烟温度、降低过剩空气系数、减少不完全燃烧损失、减少散热损失以提高加热炉热效率。探讨了上述节能途径的主要技术措施及应注意的问题。阐述了进一步提高加热炉节能水平的制约因素：降低排烟温度,要考虑经济性和露点腐蚀;过分降低炉外壁温度,会导致费用过高;预热空气温度过高对环保不利。提出了进一步提高加热炉节能水平的建议;认真净化燃料,降低露点温度;开发新的余热回收工艺;开发并应用“蓄热式高温空气预热贫氧燃烧技术”等新的燃烧技术;加强运行管理。     

椭圆扭曲管内数值模拟及其在热风炉空气预热器的节能应用

热风炉空气预热器是纳米碳酸钙生产过程中重要的节能设备,可以降低排烟温度,提高能源利用率。目前广泛采用的光滑圆管空气预热器体积庞大,换热效率低,造成排烟温度高,不仅污染环境,而且浪费大量的热量。为了解决这一问题,将椭圆扭曲管应用于热风炉空气预热器。结果显示,以椭圆扭曲管为换热元件的椭圆扭曲管空气预热器体积小、耗用钢材少、换热效率高,提高了烟气余热利用效率,降低燃料消耗量。以空气为工质,分别对椭圆扭曲管和圆管进行数值模拟,对比分析其传热性能。结果表明,相对于圆管,空气在椭圆扭曲管内湍动性更强,换热效果更好。通过对实际的工程案例进行分析,将椭圆扭曲管应用于热风炉空气预热器可减少换热面积27.9%,缩小体积37%,具有良好的节能节材效果。     

The review of thermal management technology for large-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage system

大容量锂离子电池储能系统对完善传统电网和高效利用新能源都具有非常重要的作用。为了实现大容量锂离子电池储能系统的高倍率化、长寿命化以及高安全性,高性能电池热管理系统的研发刻不容缓。本文总结了温度对锂离子电池性能的影响规律,综述了空冷、液冷、热管冷却、相变冷却这4种典型热管理技术的研究概况,分析了热管理技术在锂离子电池储能系统中的应用与研究状况。随着锂离子电池储能系统工作倍率的提高,产热量随之增大,对热管理系统的要求也越来越高。下一步的研究工作应围绕空冷系统优化、基于新型冷却介质的液冷系统、经济型热管及多目标优化设计这4方面展开。     

Simulation of interaction between high-temperature process and heat emission from electricity system in summer

During the hot summer season, using electricity systems increases the local anthropogenic heat emission, further increasing the temperature. Regarding anthropogenic heat sources, electric energy consumption, heat generation, indoor and outdoor heat transfer, and exchange in buildings play a critical role in the change in the urban thermal environment. Therefore, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was applied in this study to investigate the heat generation from an indoor electricity system and its influence on the outdoor thermal environment. Through the building effect parameterization (BEP) of a multistorey urban canopy scheme, a building energy model (BEM) to increase the influence of indoor air conditioning on the electricity consumption system was proposed. In other words, the BEP+BEM urban canopy parameterization scheme was set. High temperatures and a summer heat wave were simulated as the background weather. The results show that using the BEP+BEM parameterization scheme of indoor and outdoor energy exchange in the WRF model can better simulate the air temperature near the surface layer on a sunny summer. During the day, the turning on the air conditioning and other electrical systems have no obvious effect on the air temperature near the surface layer in the city, whereas at night, the air temperature generally increases by 0.6 ℃, especially in densely populated areas, with a maximum temperature rise of approximately 1.2 ℃ from 22:00 to 23:00. When the indoor air conditioning target temperature is adjusted to 25–27 ℃, the total energy release of the air conditioning system is reduced by 12.66%, and the temperature drops the most from 13:00 to 16:00, with an average of approximately 1 ℃. Further, the denser the building is, the greater the temperature drop.