CFB局部颗粒浓度的试验研究与对比

对CFB提升管中局部颗粒浓度进行试验研究，分析操作条件中表观气速Ug和颗粒循环量Gs对局部颗粒浓度的影响，并与前人研究结果进行了对比，指出其关联式的适用局限性。     

Study on Prediction Model for Solid Circulation Rate in a Dual Circulating Fluidized Bed Based on LM Algorithm

为准确预测双循环流化床生物质气化的颗粒循环流率Gs,设计并搭建了双循环流化床冷态试验台,研究了提升管流化风速、二次风量、二次风送风方式、二次风口高度及二次风口数量对颗粒循环流率的影响,并建立了基于Levenberg-Marquardt优化算法的BP神经网络预测模型,通过对比找出了最优模型,对颗粒循环流率进行了预测.结果表明：Gs随着提升管流化风速和二次风量的增大而增加,二次风量超过一定值后,增加的趋势变缓;二次风径向引入比切向引入时的Gs大;Gs对二次风口高度的变化十分敏感;应用该BP神经网络模型得出的Gs预测值与试验值的平均偏差为0.07 kg/（m2.s）,平均相对误差仅为0.49%,模型准确地预测了提升管送风特性对颗粒循环流率的影响.     

高通量循环流化床2种返料系统气固流动特性数值模拟

采用计算颗粒流体力学(CPFD)方法在直径0.5 m、高8.5 m的高通量循环流化床物理模型上,对分别采用U型和N型返料阀的全回路进行气固流动特性数值模拟研究。对比分析了不同工况下提升管颗粒浓度、物料循环流率和压差梯度分布等,并以此评价返料器的工作性能。循环物料为B类颗粒,初始床料量M_p为380～665 kg。在提升管底部以均匀进气的方式通入流速为1.5～5.5 m/s的空气。结果表明:在采用相同流通面积的U型和N型返料阀的全回路流动中,后者的提升管颗粒浓度更高;在M_p为600 kg时,N型阀最大返料流率为1 220.85 kg/(m~2·s),而U型阀仅能达到904.37 kg/(m~2·s);N型阀设计更满足高通量循环要求,操作弹性大且物料循环稳定。     

循环流化床系统物料分布及循环流率的实验研究

在一冷态循环流化床实验装置上,考察了一定颗粒原始存料量下,流化风速和回料风量对物料在循环系统中的分布和循环流率的影响.实验结果表明,当固定回料风量时,系统颗粒循环量随着流化风速的增加先增加后有所减少.流化风速较高时,系统将离开了传统的快速床操浊?为在高风速下保持和提高颗粒循环流率,需要进一步提高回料阀的输送能力.当固定流化风速时,回料阀松动风的增加将提高系统颗粒循环流率;但随着料封高度的降低,回料阀向提升管输送的颗粒量趋于稳定.过高的松动风量将破坏正常的料封,这对实际操作是不利的.     

卧式循环流化床回料器性能实验研究

为了研究卧式循环床回料器立管高度偏低导致其工作特性可能改变的问题,以12,t/h蒸汽炉的返料器为原型,按照1∶1的比例搭建了冷态回料器实验台.研究了松动风流量、回料风流量、物料性质等对回料器工作性能的影响.实验研究表明,回料量随输送风流量和松动风流量的增加而增加.对于河沙,当输送风流化数接近1.0时,回料质量流率达到饱和,而对稻壳灰只有当输送风流化数接近1.5才达到饱和值.松动风流量越大则饱和值越大,可调节输送风量使其处于饱和区,然后利用松动风控制回料量,该现象可与三极管的工作原理比拟.实验台回料器尺寸、立管高度设计上与实际的工业装置类似,本文成果可供设计工业装置回料系统时参考.     

循环流化床锅炉流化密封返料器输送特性研究及运行故障分析

探讨了流化风量、松动风量和狭缝高度以及输送风速对流化密封返料器工作性能的影响 ,并以某2 5t/h循环流化床锅炉为例 ,分析了流化密封返料器常见故障的原因 ,并提出相应的解决措施 ,为循环流化床锅炉经济、稳定运行提供了实践依据。     

中心提升管内循环流化床颗粒循环流率预测研究

中心提升管内循环流化床生物质气化装置的关键是合理控制物料循环量.自行设计并搭建了中心提升管内循环流化床冷态试验台,在小型试验台上就运行参数对颗粒循环流率的影响进行了试验.试验结果表明:颗粒循环流率随着提升管风速或鼓泡床风速的增加而增加,并且当提升管风速或鼓泡床风速分别增加到一定程度时,颗粒循环流率增加趋于缓慢.在试验基...     

化学链气化串行流化床设计及试验研究

在生物质化学链气化反应基础上设计并搭建了一套串行流化床冷态模型。以石英砂为床料、空气为流化介质,在该冷态装置上开展了压力分布及控制规律试验研究。采用PY500型智能压力检测系统及PV-6型激光颗粒速度测量仪着重研究了循环流化床冷态装置的料层阻力特性及固体循环量,考察了空气反应器、燃料反应器、返料管部件的流化风量对循环状态和流化床内压力分布的影响,获得了串行流化床稳定运行的操作条件和控制规律。试验结果表明,最佳操作状态:燃料反应器流化气速为0.23~0.32 m/s,空气反应器气速为0.42~0.47 m/s,返料管气速为0.07~0.1 m/s,两反应器存料量为2.5~4.5 kg,为热态试验装置的设计、运行提供了参考依据。     

带提升管内循环流化床的流动特性研究

运行参数和结构尺寸是内循环流化床物料循环流率的重要因素。设计并搭建了内循环流化冷态试验台,通过实验分析了气化室风速、提升管风速、返料孔高度及大小对物料循环流率的影响。实验表明:物料循环流率随气化室风速、提升管风速的增大而增大,但增加幅度变化不同;随返料孔位置的增高而下降,且下降速度加快;随着返料孔面积的增大,先增大然后减小。     

中心提升管内循环流化床颗粒循环流率实验研究

自行设计并搭建中心提升管内循环流化床冷态试验台,试验研究提升管风速、鼓泡床风速、鼓泡床静床高、床料平均粒径对颗粒循环流率的影响。试验结果表明:对于给定的床料,颗粒循环流率随两床风速的增加而增加,并且当提升管风速或鼓泡床风速分别增加到一定程度时,颗粒循环流率增加趋缓;固定两床风速,颗粒循环流率随鼓泡床静床高的增大而增加,随物料平均粒径的增大而减小。通过实验数据回归,得到颗粒循环流率计算关联式,计算值相对误差在±18%以内,可以很好地预测颗粒循环流率。     

Solids acceleration length in a cold dense transport bed

The solids acceleration length was investigated in a cold dense transport bed(0.10m-ID×17m-height)with three kinds of silica sand.The solids circulation rate(Gs)was up to 954 kg/(m2s).The effects of operating conditions,particle properties,and riser structures on the solids acceleration length were investigated under high Gs conditions,with the effect of riser height non-negligible.The solids acceleration length increased with the increase of the riser height.Based on the experimental data,an empirical correlation was proposed to predict the solids acceleration length.Predictions of the correlation were in good agreement with the experimental data in this work and those from the literature over a wide range of Gs(18～954kg/(m2s)).     

Hydrodynamics investigation of laboratory-scale Internal Gas-lift loop anaerobic digester using non-invasive CAPRT technique

Internal gas-lift loop reactor (IGLR) was used as an anaerobic digester and its hydrodynamics were studied using Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT) Technique. This paper deals with the experimental study on a laboratory-scale digester. An anaerobic digester is a three-phase system consisting of gas, liquid, and solids; however solid–liquid slurry was treated as a single phase due to smaller size and lower density of solids. The effect of various geometric and operating variables on the hydrodynamics was studied. The superficial gas velocity was maintained at very low values and IGLR was operated in bubbly flow regime, which is suitable for operation of anaerobic digesters. The flow pattern and liquid velocity profile was obtained and effect of gas superficial velocity, draft tube diameter, type of sparger on liquid velocity and dead volume was studied in detail. Mean circulation times were calculated and compared for different digester configurations. Results showed that the increasing gas velocity increases the liquid velocity, decreases circulation time but does not offer any significant advantages in reducing the dead volumes. The configuration with draft tube diameter to tank diameter ratio of 0.5 showed good liquid circulation throughout the digester volume and low mean circulation time implying better mixing.     

加压导向管喷动流化床部分气化炉颗粒循环倍率的研究

以宽筛分的灰渣和2种不同粒径的窄筛分玻璃珠为实验原料，对加压导向管喷动流化床部分气化炉内颗粒循环倍率进行了试验研究。提出了导向管喷动流化床颗粒循环倍率和床内压降理论关系，分析了环形区的充气量在不同系统压力、导向管位置和喷动管直径对颗粒循环倍率增加因子的影响，在此基础上提出了预测颗粒循环倍率增加因子的试验关联式。结果表明：环形区充气后不仅改善了环形区的气固接触，而且显著增加了环形区和喷动区的颗粒交换，有利于床内气固非均相反应的进行。图10表1参10     

双流化床提升管二次风对其循环流率的影响规律

双循环流化床提升管二次风特性是影响颗粒循环流率的重要因素。设计并搭建了双循环流化床冷态实验台,通过实验分析了二次风风速、送风方式、风口高度及风口数目对颗粒循环流率的影响。实验表明:对于物料固定粒径、固定静床高时,颗粒循环流率随着二次风速的增加而增加,风速达到一定值后,颗粒循环流率的增加趋势趋于平缓;风速一定时,径向送风比切向给风时颗粒循环流率大,4个二次送风口比2个送风口时颗粒循环流率稍大;二次风口在距布风板15cm时比20cm时颗粒循环流率明显增加,且风口高度对颗粒循环流率的影响随着风速的增加逐渐明显。     

隔板式内循环流化床的流动特性研究

以石英砂和稻壳为实验床料,在隔板式内循环流化床气化炉冷态实验装置上对颗粒的内循环流动特性进行了研究,考察了高速区和低速区的流化速度、结构尺寸和侧风量等对颗粒内循环流动的影响.结果表明:在保持低速区流化速度一定的条件下,随着高速区风速增大,颗粒循环量先增大后减小;流化速度不变的条件下,颗粒循环量随孔口和侧风量的增大而增加,但增加趋势逐渐变缓.实验给出了合理的运行设计参数.通过实验数据回归,得到了石英砂和稻壳通过隔板式内循环流化床孔口的颗粒循环量关联式,计算结果与实验值误差分别小于6%和14%,能较好地预测孔口颗粒流动.     

锥形布风板双循环流化床颗粒循环流率研究及预测

在锥形布风板双循环流化床冷态装置上,研究了提升管风速、气化室风速、物料质量和颗粒粒径对提升管颗粒循环流率的影响,并与水平布风板的结果进行了对比．利用3种改进的BP神经网络算法建立模型来预测循环流率．结果表明：提升管颗粒循环流率随着提升管风速和气化室风速的增大而增大,当风速达到一定值后,增大趋势逐渐平缓;循环流率随着物料质量的增大基本呈线性增大,随着颗粒粒径的增大而明显减小;锥形布风板比水平布风板更具优势,同样条件下可以增大循环流率;BFGS拟牛顿算法的预测效果最佳,其颗粒循环流率预测值与实验值的最大相对误差为7．7035％,平均相对误差为3．5943％．     

Influence of Solids Circulation Flux on Coal Gasification Process in a Pressurized High-density Circulating Fluidized Bed

The coal gasification behaviors in the pressurized high-density circulating fluidized bed under various solids circulation fluxes were studied with the CFD method, which combines the two-fluid model and coal gasification reactions represented by the chemical percolation devolatilization and the MGAS models. The numerical method was validated with two experimental cases, and detailed distributions of gas species and temperature in the riser were illustrated to understand the gasification process. To fully understand the influence of solids circulation flux on the gasification behavior, a series of cases were simulated with the solids flux varying gradually from 260 to 1010 kg/m~2 s, and the composition and quality of syngas were compared between various cases. The higher heating value of syngas firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of solids flux, and it reached the highest value around 480 kg/m~2 s. The influence of solids flux on gasification process was further analyzed through the contours of temperature, solids concentration, and gas composition in the riser.     

Measurement of water transport rates across the gas diffusion layer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell,and the influence of polytetrafluoroethylene content and micro-porous layer

Water management in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is one of the critical issues for improving fuel cell performance and durability, and water transport across the gas diffusion layer plays a key role in PEM fuel cell water management. In this work, we investigated the effects of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) content and the application of a micro-porous layer (MPL) in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the water transport rate across the GDL. The results show that both PTFE and the MPL play a similar role of restraining water transport. The effects of different carbon loadings in the MPL on water transport were also investigated. The results demonstrate that the higher the carbon loading in the MPL, the more it reduces the water transport rate. Using the given cell hardware and components, the optimized operation conditions can be obtained based on a water balance analysis.     

循环流化床布风方式对颗粒循环流率的影响

在带中心提升管的内循环流化床冷态试验台上,针对锥形和平板形2种布风板布置方式下各控制参数对循环流率的影响进行了试验研究．结果表明：锥形布风板上的临界全部流化速度明显大于物料临界流化速度;随着气化室和提升管内风速的增加,循环流率增大,但增大的速率逐渐降低;气化室和提升管内风速以及料层高度对锥形布风板下循环流率的影响大于平板形布风板,但是物料粒径对锥形布风板循环流化床循环流率的影响却小于平板形布风板．     

煤基化学链燃烧串行流化床的冷态试验研究

采用“湍动床＋快速床”作为煤基化学链燃烧（CLC）系统的空气反应器（AR）,鼓泡床作为燃料反应器（FR）,设计了流动密封阀和旋风分离器,分别用于隔绝2个反应器之间的气氛和进行气固分离,在冷态试验装置上分析研究了CLC系统的压力分布、固体循环流量、气体泄漏率及煤灰与循环载体的分离效果．结果表明：该串行流化床反应器之间气氛隔绝性良好,气体泄漏率较低,固体循环流量达到甚至超过设计标准,FR二级旋风分离器的分离效率接近100％,FR中煤灰进入AR的质量分数小于1．55％,煤灰分离效果良好;装置可以长时间连续稳定运行,且操作气速范围较广,自行设计建造的循环流化床作为煤基化学链燃烧试验装置是可行的．