发动机急变速自动测控系统研究

本文对发动机急变速自动测控系统的原理进行了介绍，提出了该系统的硬件组成结构，并对软件的设计思路及方法进行了研究，实现了发动机急变速的自动测控。该测控设备在实际运行中，性能稳定，操作简单，证明了研究的正确性。     

发动机进排气系统稳流试验装置的设计与研制

本文着重论述了发动机进排气系统稳流试验装置的有关机械设计部分内容，并介绍了该试验装置的测控系统。     

汽车发动机批量热试系统的开发

应用系统集成思想,将国内现有的发动机测控技术、总线数据通信技术和汽车通信协议原理相结合,开发了汽车发动机热试测控平台。该系统具有程控运行、自动记录数据、自动输出试验结果、数据库管理等功能,并且能够满足汽车发动机批量生产的需要,从而保障了汽车发动机的产品质量。     

计算机测控的风冷发动机风扇试验系统的研制

本文介绍的计算机测控的风冷发动机风扇试验系统，采用传感器和计算机技术实现风冷发动机风扇性能试验的数据自动采集、数据自动处理与数据库管理功能，还可配合流场测量装置测量冷却风流场。该系统实现了测试自动化，精度高，应用效果好。     

发动机稳态参数综合测试系统开发研究

本文开发了一套发动机稳态参数综合测试系统,系统包括数据测试模块及上位机软件两部分。数据测试模块包含信号调理电路及数据采集电路两部分,信号调理电路能够处理热电阻、K系列热电偶、电压及电流等多种信号;数据采集电路以Freescale MC9S08DZ系列单片机为微处理器;整个数据测试模块能够同时采集120路通道的传感器信号,并通过CAN总线将数据传送到上位机。上位机软件能够实现数据的采集、显示、存储、通道标定及参数超限报警等功能;通过CAN总线获取湘仪测控系统测试转速、转矩、功率及油耗等参数;通过LAN总线获取HORIBA尾气分析系统测试的各种排放物的数据。实机试验结果表明,该系统功能完善、性能稳定、可靠性高,满足发动机性能开发试验的需要。     

应用PUMA试验台避免柴油机碾瓦事故扩大化

PUMA测控系统是李斯特公司针对汽车发动机市场开发的一款成熟产品,该系统应用于大功率柴油机测试领域则属首次。结合调试和使用该系统的经验,介绍PUMA测控系统的原理、功能及在避免柴油机碾瓦事故扩大化中的应用。     

HCCI汽油机分布式试验测控系统的研究

为了解决HCCI发动机试验研究复杂的试验系统管理、控制和数据分析问题,本文建立了基于 分布式测控方式的HCCI汽油机试验测控系统,主控计算机通过多串口卡,将发动机管理单元、试验测 控单元、温控单元进行有机集成,有效实现了发动机管理、试验控制、燃烧分析、数据自动记录和管理等 功能,为HCCI发动机相关研究提供有效平台。实际应用表明了该系统的可靠性和方便性。     

一种新的发动机性能测控仪设计

介绍了一种新的发动机性能测控系统,运行结果表明该系统的性能优良,动态响应速度快,测试精度高,是发动机性能测试的理想仪器。     

发动机台架测控系统抗干扰技术

在发动机台架系统的运行过程中,干扰可能导致测控系统失效。从分析干扰源、耦合通道以及被干扰对象的情况入手,对测控系统硬件和软件进行抗干扰研究,确定了发动机台架测控系统的主要抗干扰措施,实际结果是满意的。     

可编程控制器在锅炉回转预热器轴承油温测控系统中的应用

本文分析了锅炉回转预热器轴承油温测控系统的原理。为提高系统运行的可靠性，采用可处理模拟量的可编程控制器作为控制器进行油温的测控，采用ＡＤ５０９作为测温元件，给出了其放大电路及信号变换电路。     

Oxidative steam reforming of ethanol on rhodium catalyst – I: Spatially resolved steady-state experiments and microkinetic modeling

Oxidative steam reforming of ethanol is an important process for on board production of hydrogen in fuel cell based auxiliary power systems. Although the process has been extensively studied from a catalyst perspective, accurate models that capture species and temperature information required by model-based control algorithms during operation have not yet been developed adequately. In this work, we develop a reduced micro-kinetic model for ethanol oxidative steam reforming, which can be used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies and subsequently to develop model-based control strategies. We experimentally study cordierite monolith based reactors in which Rh/CeO₂ catalysts are prepared by the solution-combustion method. The catalyst system is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), temperature programmed reduction and temperature programmed desorption analyses. The experimental reformer design enables measurement of species concentrations at various points along the reactor length, along with radial temperature profiles. A micro-kinetic model is adapted from the literature and validated against these experiments, with good agreement. The model results suggest a linear activation pathway for ethanol over rhodium catalysts by forming ethoxide, acetyl and acetate intermediates. After formation of single carbon species, the methane reforming pathway is followed. We expect that these studies, when coupled with transient studies will help in formulating model-based control strategies for ethanol reformers in complex fuel cell systems.     

Measurement system design and implementation for grid-connected marine substation

A marine substation for a grid-connected wave power plant has been designed and constructed at Uppsala University. The measurement system for the substation has been developed from basics, and the procedure is described in this article. Subsea electrical installations set high constraints on the control and data acquisition systems used, and traditional GSM networks and GPS time synchronization are difficult and inefficient. These circumstances exclude many well-proven methods to be utilized. A compactRIO-based system, with integrated real-time controller and Field-Programmable Gate Array chip, is chosen as most suitable for this task. The system is designed to meet the special requirements encountered in this unusual application, including large data sampling, grid connection control and protection systems. The system is communicating to shore via a subsea copper cable and single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line modems. The design was successful and full-fills all the system requirements. The aim of the article is to provide future researchers with a good design and implementation procedure for setting up large measurement systems.     

A new and inexpensive open source data acquisition and controller for solar research: Application to a water-flow glazing

A water-flow window consists of two glass panes making up a chamber in which a water layer flows in a controlled way. Such windows may be considered as Building-Integrated Solar Thermal (BIST) collectors, and could assist to incorporate renewable energy systems in buildings, improving their energy efficiency, especially when they are properly managed by a control system. Despite the need of an automatic controller for this kind of window and the advantages of microprocessor-based control for solar systems, only differential controllers have been described. A novel controller based on an inexpensive open source microcontroller board has been designed, built, programmed and installed in an experimental prototype water-flow window. The proposed data acquisition and control system, the code sequence steps, a model algorithm, and a comparison between the data collected by the system and a commercial datalogger are presented. The advantages of using an open source board for the proposed control system are analysed and the benefits of using a control system based on a microcontroller are discussed.     

虚拟技术在内燃机试验研究中的应用

运用虚拟技术开发了一个由计算机控制的数据采集与监控系统。该系统的发动机试验数据采集与运行控制程序由图像语言－Ｇ语言－ＬabＶＩＥＷ编制,所有动、静态测试参数均能在发动机运行中拟图表、曲线或数显形式显示在微机屏幕上,还可省去大量二次仪表,并大大缩短试验时间。提出了一个用于发动机扭矩设定的自适应调节模型,能自动调节水力测功器的控制电机以达到所设的发动机负载。运用这些方法生成了一个紧凑、有铲和低成本的发动机台架试验系统。     

基于ARM微处理器的船用发动机示功图测试系统开发

以ARM处理器为主要控制单元开发船用发动机示功图测试系统。该测试系统主控芯片具有集成度高、片内资源丰富、数据分析速度快、精度高,在高温和振动等工作环境下稳定工作的特点;外围电路设计简单,抗干扰性强。通过测量的各缸气缸压力示功图和特征参数计算结果的比较,可以准确有效地定位柴油机故障。试验验证表明:所开发的测试系统的功能和精度满足船用发动机气缸压力测量要求。     

Theoretical and experimental investigations on thermal management of a PEMFC stack

In recent years micro-cogeneration systems (μ-CHPs), based on fuel cells technology, have received increasing attention because, by providing both useful electricity and heat with high efficiency, even at partial loads, they can have a strategic role in reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. For residential applications, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), is considered the most promising, since it offers many advantages such as high power density, low operating temperature, and fast start-up and shutdown.In this paper the electrical and thermal behaviors of a PEMFC stack, suitable for μ-CHP applications, have been investigated through experimental and numerical activity.The experimental activity has been carried out in a test station in which several measurement instruments and controlling devices are installed to define the behavior of a water-cooled PEMFC stack. The test station is equipped by a National Instruments Compact DAQ real-time data acquisition and control system running Labview™ software.The numerical activity has been conducted by using a model, properly developed by the authors, based on both electrochemical and thermal analysis.The experimental data have been used to validate the numerical model, which can support and address the experimental activity and can allow to forecast the behavior and the performance of the stack when it is a component in a more complex energy conversion system.     

Controller for a small induction-generator based wind-turbine

Design of a low-cost micro-controller for a small induction-generator based grid-connected wind-turbine is presented in this paper. The controller senses the parameters of the wind-turbine generator and the grid, and makes decisions about grid connection and disconnection. Low-cost instrumentation circuitry has been developed to measure the generator and grid parameters. Based on the measurement of voltage and frequency of the wind-turbine generator and the grid side, a control decision is taken to connect the system to the grid. The controller makes decision to disconnect the system from the grid based on the power flow measurement between the wind turbine and the grid. The power flow between wind turbine and the grid depends upon the availability of the wind. The prototype controller has been developed based on a micro-controller PIC16F877 and has been tested in the laboratory.     

A solar thermal cooling and heating system for a building: Experimental and model based performance analysis and design

A solar thermal cooling and heating system at Carnegie Mellon University was studied through its design, installation, modeling, and evaluation to deal with the question of how solar energy might most effectively be used in supplying energy for the operation of a building. This solar cooling and heating system incorporates 52 m² of linear parabolic trough solar collectors; a 16 kW double effect, water-lithium bromide (LiBr) absorption chiller, and a heat recovery heat exchanger with their circulation pumps and control valves. It generates chilled and heated water, dependent on the season, for space cooling and heating. This system is the smallest high temperature solar cooling system in the world. Till now, only this system of the kind has been successfully operated for more than one year. Performance of the system has been tested and the measured data were used to verify system performance models developed in the TRaNsient SYstem Simulation program (TRNSYS). On the basis of the installed solar system, base case performance models were programmed; and then they were modified and extended to investigate measures for improving system performance. The measures included changes in the area and orientation of the solar collectors, the inclusion of thermal storage in the system, changes in the pipe diameter and length, and various system operational control strategies. It was found that this solar thermal system could potentially supply 39% of cooling and 20% of heating energy for this building space in Pittsburgh, PA, if it included a properly sized storage tank and short, low diameter connecting pipes. Guidelines for the design and operation of an efficient and effective solar cooling and heating system for a given building space have been provided.     

A multisensor pyranometer for determination of the direct component and angular distribution of solar radiation

This paper describes a technique for determining the direct component and the angular distribution of the diffuse component of solar radiation. The information is obtained by measurement of the total radiation on slopes of different orientations. This has been done using a new multidirectional pyranometer, called a multipyranometer, specially developed for this purpose. The instrument incorporates 25 radiation sensors mounted on a metal hemisphere. Each sensor consists of a blackened copper plate with a semiconductor temperature transducer. Sensors are enclosed in an evacuated glass envelope and each of them is connected to its own digital integrator. Computer programs have been developed for data quality control, monitoring and computations. Some of the results from laboratory tests and solar radiation measurement obtained over a period of two years are given. Comparisons are made between observations obtained with the multipyranometer and those obtained with conventional pyranometers. Experimental observations are also compared with some radiation models.     

分级模块结构的内燃机自动测控系统研究

本针对内燃机测试项目繁多，技术复杂的特点，提出内燃机机测控系统的分级模块结构设计方法。这种结构方法可缩短系统的开发周期，降低成本，提高系统的整机性能，是内燃机测量领域微机应用的发展方向。