变速恒频双馈风力发电系统RBF网络整定PID控制器设计

针对双馈风力发电系统基于近似线性化模型的PID控制系统动态性能较差、抗干扰能力较弱的缺点,该文给出基于非线性逆系统伪线性化模型的具有RBF网络整定的PID控制策略.首先使用非线性控制系统的逆系统理论对双馈风力发电系统的完整数学模型进行解耦,然后利用RBF神经网络在线调整PID控制器参数,处理系统参数不确定性和外部干扰对控制性能的影响.理论分析和仿真研究结果表明:该控制器能保证系统在风速变化情况下最大程度地获取风能,且达到电网恒频恒压的要求,实现安全稳定地并网运行.     

WTGS非线性动态模型的T-S模糊线性化

针对变速变桨风力发电系统(WTGS)的非线性动态模型,采用Takagi-Sugneo(T-S)模糊建模理论处理其非线性,以得到高精度的线性形式控制设计模型.首先,提取代表WTGS变工况特性的外部参量作为变化参数,并理论抽象出一类仿射非线性参数变化(ANPV)模型,给出其齐次线性T-S模糊线性化步骤并得到线性参数变化(LPV)T-S模糊模型.然后,将上述方法应用于WTGS非线性动态模型的T-S模糊线性化.最后,针对WTGS的LPV T-S模糊模型对其非线性特性的逼近性能进行仿真验证.结果表明:通过改变T-S模糊模型前提变量输入空间的划分精度,可以有效调节LPV T-S模糊模型对WTGS非线性特性的逼近性能.     

重型燃气轮机分段线性化状态空间模型的建立

基于西门子V64.3重型燃气轮机非线性动态模型,建立了该重型燃机的分段线性化状态空间模型。介绍了重型燃机模型的线性化方法,对燃机不同功率稳态工作点进行线性化,得到该工况下的燃机状态空间模型,选取燃机功率为参数建立燃机分段线性化状态空间模型。通过对重型燃机稳态工作点小扰动和加载过程的线性化模型和非线性模型仿真结果对比,表明了本文所建立的分段线性化状态空间模型的准确性。     

柴油机电控单体泵燃油系统的稳定性研究

利用AMESim软件建立电控单体泵系统仿真模型,与试验数据对比证实仿真模型能够准确预测系统各工况的喷射特性参数。选取典型工况下的不同时刻点对系统进行线性化处理,得出电控单体泵单缸高压喷射系统和多缸高低压耦合系统的特征值分布规律。结果表明:不同工况下同一系统矩阵特征值的分布具有相似的规律,只是随着时间的推移,系统矩阵发生很大的变化。在整个燃油喷射系统的工作过程中,单缸高压喷射系统是一个在喷油过程中处于准稳定状态、其他过程非稳定的系统;而多缸高低压耦合系统则是一个时变、不稳定的高度复杂系统。     

带恒功率负载多电平Boost变换器的复合非线性控制

针对带恒功率负载的多电平Boost变换器,提出一种将非线性干扰观测器和自适应滑模控制器相结合的复合非线性控制策略。首先应用精确反馈线性化方法将模型转化为布鲁诺夫斯基标准形式。然后在保证大信号稳定的前提下,将自适应控制方法和非线性干扰观测器加入到滑模控制器的设计中,利用李雅普诺夫理论证明整个闭环系统的稳定性。仿真和实验结果表明,与双闭环PI控制方法相比,该控制策略具有更好的动态调节性能和更强的鲁棒性。     

水平轴失速型风力机主动非线性控制

讨论了大型主动失速型风力机在额定工况以上时的主动非线性控制问题。直接利用所推导的仿射性非线性模型．采用微分几何精确线性化理论,实现恒速风力机全局精确线性化控制,给出了反馈控制算法,并对闭环系统进行了数字仿真。     

永磁同步风电机组神经网络滑模多目标优化控制

将永磁同步风力发电机组中的变流器和电网用等效负载代替并对控制回路进行简化,得到非线性仿射形式的机组模型,利用反馈线性化方法对系统进行精确线性化。固定参数离散指数趋近律滑模控制算法主要缺陷是如两个参数匹配不当,可能会使求得的控制量过大,同时系统在滑模面附近剧烈的高频抖振会导致机组所要承受的机械应力增加,动态性能变差,利用神经网络的自适应学习能力对这两个控制参数进行实时优化,根据机组控制目标定义一个综合性能指标,通过优化该指标得到网络权值修正算法。仿真结果表明,该方法可以使系统快速到达滑模面,实现了机组对最优转速的快速跟踪;同时有效抑制了系统的抖振,减小了额外的疲劳载荷,实现了多目标优化控制。     

双馈风力发电矩阵式变流系统动态解耦研究

针对背靠背双PWM变流器励磁的双馈风力发电存在功率因数低以及传统矢量控制策略存在动态解耦性能不佳的问题,提出采用非线性控制策略的双级矩阵变换器励磁双馈风力发电系统解决方案。通过输入输出线性化解耦控制理论,将双馈风力发电系统精确为一个线性化系统,采用矢量坐标变换和非线性控制策略,实现对双馈风力发电系统高性能解耦控制,提高了系统的动态性能,提升了系统的响应速度。结合系统各部分的控制目标,搭建整个系统的仿真模型,仿真结果表明采用双级矩阵变换器及其非线性控制策略可实现双馈风力发电有功和无功功率的解耦控制和最大功率点跟踪等性能指标,达到风力发电控制的要求。     

基于无源性理论的风力机最大风能捕获控制

讨论了具有随机性风速变化和非线性的风电系统的最大风能捕获控制问题,系统采用基于无源性控制方案下的浆距角和触发角双输入控制方案,通过选择适当的状态稳态特性和注入阻尼的方法,将风能的最大捕获与系统的全局稳定性相结合,设计出了一种对风速变化和参数摄动具有鲁棒性且使风电系统具有良好动态特性的控制系统。仿真结果显示,对于具有随机性风速变化和变参数风电系统,该控制策略可以实现风能的最大捕获。     

计及多能设备变工况运行特性的综合能源系统日前优化调度北大核心CSCD

针对传统恒定效率设备模型存在的仿真误差大、适用范围窄等问题,文章将更加精确的设备变工况特性模型应用于系统优化调度中,建立了计及多能设备变工况运行特性的综合能源系统日前优化调度模型。在模型求解过程中,文章应用增量线性化策略,对目标函数和约束条件中的非线性项进行线性化处理,将原始的非线性优化调度模型转化为一个混合整数线性规划,通过调用成熟的商用求解器进行快速求解。在设备变工况运行特性约束的线性化处理过程中,文章提出了一种基于误差控制的分段点选取方法,通过构造偏差函数并控制其极值的上界,可以将最优解的误差水平限制在事先给定的范围内。算例结果表明,文章所提线性化处理方法与分段点选取策略,能够有效求得原始非线性规划问题的近似最优解,并且可将近似最优解的误差水平限制在5%以内。     

基于RBF神经网络整定PID的 风力发电变桨距控制

为了改善变速恒频风力发电系统在恒功率输出运行区域内的动态性能,在分析系统变桨距控制研究现状的基础上,基于RBF神经网络（RBFNN）整定PID控制理论设计风力发电系统变桨距控制器,建立了风力机及变桨距机构模型,以发电机转速测量值与额定转速相比后误差为输入设计控制器。在随机风作用下对设计的RBFNN整定PID控制器进行仿真,结果表明基于RBFNN整定PID控制理论的变桨距控制器具有良好的动态性能及对风速扰动的鲁捧性,能够有效改善风力发电系统变桨距控制效果。     

交流励磁变速恒频风力发电系统控制策略研究

本文分析了风力机传动系统动态特性和机电能量转换与传递原理，介绍了交流励磁变速恒频风力发电系统低风速时的转速控制策略和高风速时的功率控制策略，建立了直接转速控制策略和扰动调节控制策略的线性化数学模型，实验结果验证了数学模型的有效性。     

分数阶PID混合算法的水轮机调速系统优化控制与建模分析

为深入研究水轮机调速系统的非线性动态特征,分析水轮机在负荷波动时调速系统对水轮机转速、出力及输出电压电流波形的控制情况,提出一种采用混合算法(BP-FOA)的分数阶PID(FOPID)双目标函数控制系统;并利用Matlab平台建立了能够反映动态负荷变化及发电机情况的水轮机模型,使其更具实际适应性。仿真及实例分析表明,经混合算法优化后的水轮机调速器在调节性能与鲁棒性上均有一定的提升,同时亦为水轮机动态模型建模提供了借鉴。     

Dynamic model of wind energy conversion systems with variable speed synchronous generator and full-size power converter for large-scale power system stability studies

This paper presents a dynamic model for variable speed wind energy conversion systems, equipped with a variable pitch wind turbine, a synchronous electrical generator, and a full power converter, specially developed for its use in power system stability studies involving large networks, with a high number of buses and a high level of wind generation penetration. The validity of the necessary simplifications has been contrasted against a detailed model that allows a thorough insight into the mechanical and electrical behavior of the system, and its interaction with the grid. The developed dynamic model has been implemented in a widely used power system dynamics simulation software, PSS/E, and its performance has been tested in a well-documented test power network.     

Maximum Power Tracking Control for a Wind Turbine System Including a Matrix Converter

This paper focuses on maximum wind power extraction for a wind energy conversion system composed of a wind turbine, a squirrel-cage induction generator, and a matrix converter (MC). At a given wind velocity, the mechanical power available from a wind turbine is a function of its shaft speed. In order to track maximum power, the MC adjusts the induction generator terminal frequency, and thus, the turbine shaft speed. The MC also adjusts the reactive power transfer at the grid interface toward voltage regulation or power factor correction. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is included in the control system. Conclusions about the effectiveness of the proposed scheme are supported by analysis and simulation results.      

基于PSCAD/EMTDC的直驱式风力发电接入系统建模与仿真

针对频率可变的多极直驱式同步风力发电机接入系统,该文在考虑风力机大转动惯量的情况下,采用电网电压矢量定向和双闭环控制技术,实现了基于背靠背VSC换流器的有功无功独立控制。研究了不依赖于风速测量的直驱式机组最大功率追踪策略,桨距角控制器设计以及变风速下风电机组对电网的无功支持问题。最后通过PSCAD/EMTDC搭建了该接入系统模型,阶跃和随机风速下的仿真结果验证了该模型的合理性及控制策略的有效性。     

Autonomous renewable energy conversion system

This paper briefly reviews the need for renewable power generation and describes a medium-power Autonomous Renewable Energy Conversion System (ARECS), integrating conversion of wind and solar energy sources. The objectives of the paper are to extract maximum power from the proposed wind energy conversion scheme and to transfer this power and the power derived by the photovoltaic system in a high efficiency way to a local isolated load. The wind energy conversion operates at variable shaft speed yielding an improved annual energy production over constant speed systems. An induction generator (IG) has been used because of its reduced cost, robustness, absence of separate DC source for excitation, easier dismounting and maintenance. The maximum energy transfer of the wind energy is assured by a simple and reliable control strategy adjusting the stator frequency of the IG so that the power drawn is equal to the peak power production of the wind turbine at any wind speed. The presented control strategy also provides an optimal efficiency operation of the IG by applying a quadratic dependence between the IG terminal voltage and frequency V∼f². For improving the total system efficiency, high efficiency converters have been designed and implemented. The modular principle of the proposed DC/DC conversion provides the possibility for modifying the system structure depending on different conditions. The configuration of the presented ARECS and the implementation of the proposed control algorithm for optimal power transfer are fully discussed. The stability and dynamic performance as well as the different operation modes of the proposed control and the operation of the converters are illustrated and verified on an experimental prototype.     

Transient and dynamic control of a variable speed wind turbine with synchronous generator

In this article, a controller for dynamic and transient control of a variable speed wind turbine with a full‐scale converter‐connected high‐speed synchronous generator is presented. First, the phenomenon of drive train oscillations in wind turbines with full‐scale converter‐connected generators is discussed. Based on this discussion, a controller is presented that dampens these oscillations without impacting on the power that the wind turbine injects into the grid. Since wind turbines are increasingly demanded to take over power system stabilizing and control tasks, the presented wind turbine design is further enhanced to support the grid in transient grid events. A controller is designed that allows the wind turbine to ride through transient grid faults. Since such faults often cause power system oscillations, another controller is added that enables the turbine to participate in the damping of such oscillations. It is concluded that the controllers presented keep the wind turbine stable under any operating conditions, and that they are capable of adding substantial damping to the power system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Network power flux control of a wind generator

In this paper, a network power flux control of a variable speed wind generator is investigated. The wind generator system consists of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to the network associated to a flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The dynamic behaviour of a wind generator, including the models of the wind turbine, the doubly fed induction generator, the back-to-back AC/AC converter, the converter control and the power control of this system, is studied. Is also investigated a control method of the FESS system which consists of the classical squirrel-cage induction machine (IM) supplied off the variable speed wind generator (VSWG). In order to verify the validity of the proposed method, a dynamic model of the proposed system has been simulated, for different operating points, to demonstrate the performance of the system.     

Control of a switched reluctance generator for variable-speed wind energy applications

This paper presents a novel control system for the operation of a switched reluctance generator (SRG) driven by a variable speed wind turbine. The SRG is controlled to drive a wind energy conversion system (WECS) to the point of maximum aerodynamic efficiency using closed loop control of the power output. In the medium and low speed range, the SRG phase current is regulated using pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) control of the magnetizing voltage. For high speeds the generator is controlled using a single pulse mode. In order to interface the SRG to the grid (or ac load) a voltage-source PWM inverter is used. A 2.5-kW experimental prototype has been constructed. Wind turbine characteristics are emulated using a cage induction machine drive. The performance of the system has been tested over the whole speed range using wind profiles and power impacts. Experimental results are presented confirming the system performance.