考虑远期合约交易的电力市场均衡分析

针对丰富的合约交易形式将对电力市场产生重大影响的问题,基于Cournot模型建立了远期与现货市场的两阶段市场均衡模型,利用反向推导方法对模型进行了求解,通过比较电力市场环境下引入远期合约交易前后的电力需求弹性与供电量间的变化及市场雷纳指数的变化,分析了远期合约对市场效率的影响,并以内蒙古三个区域市场实际交易信息为例对模型进行了验证.结果表明,该模型合理、正确.     

基于多时空尺度辅助服务的多类能源协同运营优化机制研究

在可再生能源参与电力现货市场交易的环境下,考虑可再生能源发电波动性、系统节点电压稳定性以及实时负荷需求的影响,构建含有可再生能源的多类能源联盟体运营模式,模拟光伏、风电能源分别接入不同节点系统,以及选择系统典型的日负荷需求曲线(峰谷差率分别取55.68%、37.03%)设计不同的运行场景;并基于联盟体中各主体的均衡收益、收益均衡离散性评价、发电功率优化分配以及系统总收益构建多时空尺度辅助服务优化运营模型。研究表明:1)多类能源联盟体模式可有效减少可再生能源波动性对系统稳定性的影响,促进联盟体多个时段总体运营收益明显改善,充分挖掘系统辅助服务的市场价值;2)以满足负荷实时需求的多时空尺度辅助服务组合策略,可实现对于各主体多时段的出力优化以及市场投标报价决策的支持,以提升联盟体的市场竞争力;3)揭示了联盟体多时空尺度辅助服务总收益、各主体的均衡收益与负荷实时变化的关联规律和机理,为完善联盟体模式参与电力实时市场交易理论提供了实证数据支撑。     

基于系统辅助服务收益动态优化的多能联盟体市场策略

考虑风电或光伏能源发电波动性以及水电或火电能源对于电力系统辅助服务的支撑作用,以满足电力市场实时电量交易平衡和各主体最优效益为目标,基于多类能源联盟体运营机制,模拟各主体多尺度组合并构建辅助服务收益和出力比例关联的Shapley值动态分析模型,通过分析负荷峰、谷值运行时各主体最优发电比例和收益之间的变化规律,以此为各主体参与市场投标配置最优发电量和成本控制提供决策依据;同时论证了满足实时负荷需求的峰、谷值功率差额模式与辅助服务动态分配的耦合关系,该模式反映了辅助服务市场均衡组合变化趋势,并可从总体上平衡可再生能源波动性以减少实时市场交易增量对各主体收益的负面影响,且为各主体之间动态组合优化决策以及挖掘联盟体内部的资源价值奠定了基础。     

计及排放权交易的电力市场长期均衡分析

为分析计及排放权交易的电力市场长期均衡,综合分析了厂商最优化、市场出清条件和排放许可的分配规则,建立了市场长期均衡模型,采用非线性互补规划法求解模型的均衡解,并应用PATH软件计算了不同排放限制、不同配送比率条件下的市场均衡点.算例结果表明,该模型可行、有效.     

基于双层优化的灵活调节服务交易

介绍了美国加州电网近期的灵活调节服务机制的基本概念,基于双层优化理论建立了灵活调节服务市场均衡模型,通过粒子群算法对模型进行求解。结合算例进行电力市场各发电主体收益分析,结果表明,引入灵活调解服务交易后,能够缓解电网短时间功率不平衡问题,同时在现行分时电价的背景下,提高了电力市场中各发电主体的收益。     

省际电力市场竞争的对策模型

研究了各省电力企业主体参与省际电力市场竞争的决策问题;运用对策论原理与方法,分析了各竞争主体的策略选择问题,并得到均衡解。     

基于隐式拍卖的跨区(省)电力交易模型研究

针对跨区（省）电力交易中价格缺乏公平合理性、上网电价偏低及输电费用偏高、发电企业利益受损的现象,建立了基于隐式拍卖的跨区（省）电力交易模型。通过电力交易和阻塞同时被管制时修订区域内市场的竞价函数,从竞价效应、电量效应角度优化跨区（省）电力交易的利益分配,以实现区域内各参与主体的利益均衡,促进电力交易的可持续发展。     

模型的流域水资源冲突分析

随着经济社会的发展,水资源短缺问题突显,水资源冲突越来越严重。图模型方法是一种有效的冲突分析方法。利用图模型动态描述流域水资源冲突主体,分析冲突过程中流域内各主体的策略互动过程,构建流域水资源配置的图模型;在不同稳定性定义的基础上,寻求流域各主体博弈的均衡解;对流域水资源配置进行均衡分析。结果表明,流域水资源管理机构的协调能有效促成冲突主体间达成水权交易,推动流域水资源冲突向均衡状态演化。研究成果可为区域水资源开发与管理提供参考。     

欧盟内部电力市场分析及对我国南方区域电力市场建设的启示

回顾了欧盟内部电力市场的建设历程,分析了内部电力市场的市场机制,介绍了日前耦合电力市场的交易时序、交易类型、交易机制及各区域之间的市场耦合机制,同时对远期容量市场、日内市场和平衡市场进行了分析。最后结合南方区域电力市场现状,总结分析了其对南方区域电力市场建设的5点启示,为我国探索区域电力市场的建设提供参考与借鉴。     

光伏微电网的多主体合作运营模式及效益分配

摘要： 新电改方案允许拥有分布式电源的用户或微电网系统参与电力交易,有利于微电网经济效益的提高。该研究针对由多方经济主体构成的微电网,包括光伏运营商、储能运营商和用户等,分析了电力市场环境下光伏微电网内各主体的市场交易模式,分析形成联盟的动力,提出各经济主体之间合作博弈的模型。光伏微电网以最大化联盟收益为目标采用分时调度模型,对各主体的运行状态进行实时决策,并采用Shapley值法根据各个主体的贡献度对收益进行了分配。可见,合作模式下光伏运营商、储能运营商和用户均提高了经济效益,各方的效益相互间达到平衡,计算复杂度低,有利于促进光伏微电网规模化发展。     

Nash bargaining model for direct electricity trading on distribution side with multi-microgrids participation

随着售电侧电力市场改革的不断深入，研究多微电网参与下的配电侧直接电能交易具有重要意义。针对多微电网与负荷聚合商之间的直接电能交易，以各主体在传统交易方式下的最优效益作为谈判破裂点，提出了一种基于合作博弈论的纳什议价模型，模型中博弈参与者可获得帕累托最优效益。模型为非线性非凸问题，不易直接求解，将其分成求解支付和联盟效益最大化两个子问题。为保护交易主体内部隐私，联盟效益最大化问题采用交替方向乘子法进行分布式求解，交易双方在求解过程中仅需相互交换期望的交易电量。仿真结果表明该模型可以有效地提升交易双方的运营效益。     

计及购电成本的电网交易能力研究

在电力市场环境下,考虑购电成本对电网交易能力的影响,建立兼顾电网交易能力和购电成本的多目标交易优化模型,运用模糊建模的方法将多目标优化问题转化为求解最大满意度的单目标非线性规划问题,采用原对偶内点法求解。通过对IEEE-30节点测试系统进行仿真计算,结果表明所提出的多目标交易优化模型,可以在提高交易能力的同时尽量减小购电成本,验证了模型及算法的有效性。     

过渡时期发电企业竞价模式研究

自2002年国家提出建立竞争性的电力市场的目标以来,多个采用不同竞价机制的区域电力市场试点已初步形成。但是由于我国的电力产业自身条件的特殊性和电价衍变过程的复杂性,决定了竞价机制改革必须在充分考虑历史遗留因素的条件下稳步推进。本文通过分析电价的衍变过程和电力市场化改革的区域试点工作,针对向市场化过渡的特殊时期所必须面临的问题,提出了一种新的发电企业竞价模式。该模式采用了新的两部制电价计算方法和电力市场运营模式,在有效解决电力产业的一些历史遗留问题的条件下,为不同技术类型、不同时期建设的发电机组提供了一个统一的竞争平台,同时为该模式提供了一些配套的政策建议。     

Economic viability and regulation effects of infrastructure investments for inter-regional electricity transmission and trade in China

The transition of energy structure to renewable energy is a social and systematic engineering that requires complex regional power interconnection as a support. Thus, an assessment of the economic viability of infrastructure investments for supporting such transmission expansion is crucial. This study presents a multi-regional power system optimization model to evaluate the potential economic benefits of infrastructure investments for the national inter-regional electricity network in China under various scenarios in the context of low-carbon transformation. Key factors influencing economic benefits are analyzed specifically and regulation barriers associated with inter-regional electricity trade are given particular attention. The results show that approximately 140 Giga Watt (GW) of infrastructure construction for the inter-regional electricity trade network is economically viable during the planning horizon. These new interconnections would lead to 250–440 billion RMB of economic benefits. Regional electricity trade barriers caused by imperfect market mechanisms have a negative impact on the economic benefits of transmission infrastructure investments, although they promote scale and utilization efficiency in the power sector of electricity-importing regions. Improving the national grid coordination mechanism to break the grid isolation between the State Grid Corporation of China and the China Southern Power Grid is crucial, because a large number of transmission lines connecting these two national-level power grids are economically viable.     

Long-term cross-border electricity trading model under the background of Global Energy Interconnection

Environmental problems caused by traditional power production and the unbalanced distribution of energy resources and demand limit the development of sustainable societies. A feasible method to optimize the resource allocation has been proposed, and it involves cross-border and cross-regional electricity transactions. However, the uncertainty of renewable energy and the specific features of the cross-border electricity market are key issues which need to be considered in the trading mechanism design. Based on this, this paper sets up a long-term cross-border electricity trading model considering the uncertainty of renewable energy. First, annual transactions are matched according to the declared data of bidders with consideration of cross-border interconnection development benefits, potential benefit risks, and transmission costs. Second, for annual contract decomposition, the model uses the minimum generation cost function with a penalty item for power shortages to allocate electricity to each month. Additionally, the scenario reduction algorithm is combined with the unit commitment to construct a stochastic generation plan. Finally, a case study of the numerical results for the multinational electricity market in northeast Asia is used to show that the proposed trading model is feasible for cross-border electricity trading with high penetration of renewable energy.     

Potential of trading wind power as regulation services in the California short-term electricity market

A short-term electricity market is usually composed of the energy market and ancillary service market. However, wind power is not allowed to be traded in ancillary service markets although it has been proven technically feasible to be regulation services. This paper aims to explore the market potential of trading wind power as regulation services in the California electricity market. A model for wind power trade in the day-ahead (DA) market is established considering the uncertainties of market prices and wind power. An optimal trading strategy for wind power producers is derived by using an analytical algorithm. Trading wind power as regulation is tested by using actual data and the impacts of market control on the market outcome are discussed. The results show that, based on the current framework of the California electricity market, wind power producers can earn much more money if they bid in the DA energy and regulation markets than if they only bid in the DA energy market. The results also show that the potential to enhance profit for wind power producers is larger in the regulation down market than in the regulation up market.     

Trading behaviour on the continuous intraday market Elbas

Intraday markets for electricity allow for trading of energy until shortly before the period of delivery. This offers market participants a possibility to reduce their expected imbalances and to offer own unused flexibility. Because this form of distributed balancing before the period of delivery can be profitable for market participants as well as beneficial for system operations, intraday trading is expected to gain more importance in future, especially with increasing shares of variable renewable energy sources in the generation mix.So far, intraday markets are still a research field with many open questions. This paper contributes by a first analysis of intraday trades on Elbas, one of the European intraday markets. The analysis gives a detailed picture on trading activity and price development and is intended to improve understanding of continuous intraday trading.Findings include that trading activity differs significantly between price zones, that most trades occur in the last hours before gate closure and that market participants have to handle substantial price variations during the trading period. The paper also investigates the imbalance settlement rules in the Nordic countries and studies which effects one- and two-price imbalance settlement systems have on the market participants' profitability of intraday trading.