微型燃气轮机圆筒原表面回热器的性能试验研究

对微型燃气轮机圆筒形原表面式回热器的传热与流动性能进行了试验研究.利用计算机控制检测传热性能试验台对该回热器在①两侧流量相等、改变两侧温度及②固定两侧温度,改变系统质量流量的情况下进行了传热性能和阻力性能试验.结果表明:随着质量流量的增加,回热器的传热系数增大,传热量逐渐增加,回热器的两侧压降也增大;在等流量时,回热器两侧的压降有所不同,高压低温侧压降比低压高温侧压降大,但低压高温侧压降增加较快,因此在设计回热器时必须重视两侧压降的变化情况,根据试验结果得出了传热和阻力随工况改变的变化趋势.     

无反向流脉动条件下波纹管内流体传热及阻力特性研究

利用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法,在无反向流脉动条件下,分析脉动参数雷诺数Re、斯特劳哈尔数St及振动分率P对波纹管中流体的传热和阻力特性的影响。入口速度为脉动速度,入口温度设为300 K,出口设为自由出口,壁面采用恒温壁面,温度为350 K。研究表明：波纹管内流体处于层流状态时,随着Re的增大,传热强化幅度不断增大;流体处于湍流状态时,传热强化幅度随Re的增大而降低;随着St的增加,传热强化幅度增大;振动分率P对传热强化幅度的影响不明显;平均摩擦系数随着Re的增大而减小,随着振动分率P的增加而小幅度增大,在一个脉动周期内摩擦系数呈正弦规律变化,且随着St的增大发生明显变化,但平均值几乎不变。     

横掠螺旋管束流动传热的数值模拟

螺旋管是一种紧凑式换热器的芯体形式,在工程中有较多应用。本文对螺旋管管束的流动传热情况进行了数值模拟研究,无量纲螺距0.15～0.3,进口雷诺数1000～5000,获得了横掠复杂螺旋管束的流场和温度场。结果表明：管外平均努赛尔数随雷诺数的增大而增大,欧拉数随雷诺数的增大而减小;减小螺距使平均努赛尔数和欧拉数均增大,且对欧拉数的影响要明显大于努赛尔数。同时通过对数值结果进行拟合给出了管束换热的关联式,式中考虑了无量纲螺距的影响。     

微型燃气轮机原表面回热器应力有限元分析

本文通过建立微型燃气轮机CW(Cross Wavy)原表面回热器热-结构耦合有限元分析模型,对其在设计工况下运行后的应力进行了有限元分析,验证了回热器所选材料的可靠性,并分析了压比和燃气入口温度对回热器的应力影响。分析结果表明:不考虑热应力,只计及压力时,回热器燃气出口侧最大应力和应变高于燃气进口侧最大应力和应变;与之相反,计及热应力时,在压力和温度耦合作用下,回热器燃气进口侧最大应力和应变高于燃气出口侧最大应力和应变;无论是计及热应力还是不考虑热应力,空气通道的波谷处应力最大,并且应力沿波谷处左右对称分布,计及热应力后,其最大应力增长较大,对应各处增幅最高达到34.1%;回热器空气通道向燃气通道侧变形,空气通道变大,燃气通道减小;随着空气侧和燃气侧压比的增加,回热器通道的最大应力也随之增加,当压比增加到8.4时,已达到换热片材料的强度极限;当燃气与空气出口温度不变、回热度减小时,随着燃气入口温度增加,最大应力随之增加,燃气入口温度每增加50 K,回热器最大应力增加约2.3 MPa。研究结果为回热器的设计提供了一定的参考依据。     

基于分形换热器的聚光太阳能PV/T一体化系统数值研究

建立基于分形换热器的聚光太阳能光伏光热一体化(PV/T)系统三维物理模型和稳态传热数学模型。采用控制容积法对系统模型进行求解,获得层流状态下不同雷诺数、不同聚光条件下系统内冷却流体的速度场分布、电池温度分布以及系统的电、热性能参数。计算结果表明:在一定范围热电联合效率随雷诺数的增大而增大,随聚光强度增强而增加,随入口温度的降低而增大;太阳电池板表面最大温差随雷诺数增大而减小。     

高实度菱形扰流柱冷却通道的传热及流动特性研究

采用数值模拟的方法对高实度(45%)菱形扰流柱在恒定通道和收敛通道内的传热及流动特性进行三维数值模拟研究,分析了不同雷诺数下两种通道内的传热及压力损失。研究结果表明:随着雷诺数的增加,恒定通道和收敛通道传热效果均增强,两种通道内的流动阻力损失也减小,但减小的趋势逐渐降低;在相同雷诺数下,收敛通道内扰流柱的表面尤其是背风面能够被有效冷却;恒定通道的压力损失变化平缓且呈线性分布,而收敛通道内的压力损失存在急剧增大区域。     

扰流肋柱在流动方向排列密度对矩形通道表面传热影响的数值研究

运用数值计算的方法将流动方向扰流圆柱排列密度对涡轮叶片尾缘冷却通道中流动传热的影响进行了三维数值研究。研究了流动雷诺数、流动方向圆柱排列密度对肋柱扰流矩形通道表面传热影响的规律。计算结果表明:在研究范围内,肋柱表面的平均Nu均随着Re的增大而增大。在Re相同的情况下,随X/D取值的增大,肋柱表面平均Nu有所减小。Nu在通道进口附近逐渐增加,然后达到充分发展值。传热在迎向流动方向的圆柱侧较强,在流动向背侧表面传热较弱。沿圆柱高度方向在中部传热较强。     

百叶窗翅片管换热器空气侧传热和流动特性数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对百叶窗翅片管换热器空气侧传热和流动特性进行研究,分析管排数、开窗角度和翅片间距对百叶窗翅片管换热器空气侧性能的影响。结果表明:空气侧传热系数随管排数增多而降低,最大降幅约12.5%,压降随管排数增多而增大;低雷诺数下百叶窗角度为20°时换热器具有较好的综合性能,较大雷诺数下25°为最佳百叶窗角度;随着翅片间距的减小,换热器传热因子j和阻力因子f均逐渐增大,但低雷诺数时翅片间距较小的换热器综合性能较差。     

增压富氧燃烧流化床炉内传热特性

建立了增压富氧燃烧流化床锅炉炉内传热模型.通过模型计算,分析了颗粒粒径、空隙率、床层温度及系统压力等因素对炉内传热特性的影响.结果表明：随着颗粒粒径增大,传热系数减小;随着空隙率增大,传热系数减小;随着温度升高,传热系数增大;随着压力升高,传热系数增大,但增加的幅度明显变小,说明当压力升高到一定程度时,继续升高压力对传热没有太大影响.     

百叶窗板翅式换热器换热与阻力性能数值模拟研究

为了解决百叶窗板翅式换热器的内部性能优化问题,通过对层流稳态下换热器燃气侧的典型流动换热单元进行建模及流动换热分析,得到了单元体内部速度、流线及温度的分布特性,并通过对换热系数、科尔本传热因子、进出口单位压降、范宁摩擦系数的比较,获得了不同燃气入口速度下翅片间距及翅片角度对换热器换热性能及流动阻力的影响。结果表明:在百叶窗翅片角度及其他尺寸参数不变时,当百叶窗间距为0. 7 mm时其换热性能最优,阻力随间距增大而减小;在翅片间距等参数不变而角度变化时,换热性能与阻力均随角度增大而增大,当百叶窗角度从15°增加至30°时,换热性能的增加幅度较为明显。     

A geometric study on shell side heat transfer and flow resistance of a six-start spirally corrugated tube

Heat transfer enhancement is of great importance for energy efficiency improvement. The utilization of spirally corrugated tubes is one of the efficient ways to strengthen heat transfer. In this article, based on a validated numerical model, the effects of geometric parameters of a six-start spirally corrugated tube, including the pitch p and the corrugation depth e, on the shell side heat transfer and flow resistance performance are numerically investigated, in high Reynolds number conditions ranging from 10,000 to 60,000. The shell side secondary flow velocity distribution, longitudinal vortex distribution, and temperature distribution of a six-start spirally corrugated tube are presented, respectively. In addition, the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics are evaluated by comparing the Nusselt number and the flow resistance coefficient with these of smooth tubes. Results show that the utilization of six-start spirally corrugated tubes can enhance the heat transfer performance at the expense of an increase of the flow resistance. However, with the same geometric parameters, the Nusselt number increases and the flow resistance coefficient decreases as Reynolds number increases. With the pitch increasing, the Nusselt number and the flow resistance coefficient decrease at a fixed Reynolds number. In contrast, as the corrugation depth increasing, the Nusselt number changes irregularly, and the flow resistance coefficient increases. Finally, correlations for the shell side Nusselt number and flow resistance coefficient of the six-start spirally corrugated tube are established. This work is of significance for engineers and scientists focusing on the heat transfer and the flow resistance characteristics of spirally corrugated tubes and their applications.     

Effect of a shield on the hydraulic and thermal performance of a plate-fin heat sink

The hydraulic and thermal performance of a plate-fin heat sink undergoing cross flow forced convection with the introduction of a shield was investigated. With a CFD numerical method, the influence of fin width, fin height, number of fins and Reynolds number were assessed without and with a shield. A shield that tends to decrease the bypass flow effect has a great influence on the variation of the thermal fluid field and the performance of the heat sink. The results of attaching a shield show that more coolant fluid is forced to flow into the fin-to-fin channel to enhance the heat transfer, increasing the pressure drop; this trend is significant at low Reynolds numbers. The decrease of thermal resistance due to the shield diminishes with increasing fin height, but increasing the width of the fins has a more radical effect. For a shield at a particular Reynolds number, the fin geometry should be selected carefully to fit the demands of enhanced effectiveness of heat transfer and decreased power consumption.     

Heat transfer of a parallel flow two-layered microchannel heat sink

A numerical study is conducted to predict the thermal performance of a parallel flow two-layered microchannel heat sink on heat transfer and compared to the case of counterflow for various channel aspect ratios. Findings reveal that the parallel flow configuration leads to a better heat transfer performance except for high Reynolds number and high channel aspect ratio. Further study on the horizontal rib thickness shows that lower thermal resistance can be achieved in a parallel flow two-layered microchannel heat sink with smaller thickness of middle rib.     

开缝布置方式对开缝翅片管换热器 传热与阻力特性的影响

为了获得开缝布置方式对开缝翅片管换热器传热与阻力特性的影响规律,对5种不同翅片管换热器进行了数值模拟研究,并进行了模化试验验证。结果表明：增加开缝会提高翅片管换热器的传热性能,但阻力也随之增加;与开缝位置相比,开缝数量对开缝翅片管换热器传热与阻力特性的影响更大;在Re=4800~7500日时,开缝翅片管换热器综合流动传热性能 随着Re数的增大而增大;在5种翅片中,开缝翅片的综合流动传热性能高于普通平直翅片;数值模拟与试验结果偏差较小,采用数值模拟方法能够比较准确地分析开缝翅片管换热器的传热与阻力特性。     

板式空气_空气热交换器热工性能实验研究

本文以两台波纹铝板空气一空气热交换器为例,对其传热和阻力特性进行了实验研究,得出了雷诺数在900～4000范围内,传热因子j和平均摩擦阻力系数f随雷诺数的变化规律,并分析了热交换器结构和不同强化传热元件对其换热和阻力特性的影响。     

扰流柱对间断交叉肋流动换热特性的影响研究

为了探究扰流柱对间断交叉肋通道流动与换热特性的影响,针对不同扰流柱数量和排布位置建立了不同的交叉肋模型,并通过数值模拟的方法,计算了各模型的阻力系数比、强化换热系数以及综合热效率3个性能指标的变化情况。研究结果表明：随着扰流柱数量的增大,阻力系数比和强化换热系数逐渐增大,而综合热效率不断下降;在进口雷诺数为20 000时,14柱模型与32柱模型相比,阻力系数比升高了15.4%,强化换热系数升高了32%,综合热效率提高了2.6%;将相同数量的扰流柱排布在通道内的不同位置对综合热效率的影响并不明显。     

Fully developed natural convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical annular porous medium with asymmetric wall temperatures and concentrations

This work examines the effects of the modified Darcy number, the buoyancy ratio and the inner radius-gap ratio on the fully developed natural convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical annular non-Darcy porous medium with asymmetric wall temperatures and concentrations. The exact solutions for the important characteristics of fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer are derived by using a non-Darcy flow model. The modified Darcy number is related to the flow resistance of the porous matrix. For the free convection heat and mass transfer in an annular duct filled with porous media, increasing the modified Darcy number tends to increase the volume flow rate, total heat rate added to the fluid, and the total species rate added to the fluid. Moreover, an increase in the buoyancy ratio or in the inner radius-gap ratio leads to an increase in the volume flow rate, the total heat rate added to the fluid, and the total species rate added to the fluid.     

Measurement of performance of plate-fin heat sinks with cross flow cooling

This work assesses the performance of plate-fin heat sinks in a cross flow. The effects of the Reynolds number of the cooling air, the fin height and the fin width on the thermal resistance and the pressure drop of heat sinks are considered. Experimental results indicate that increasing the Reynolds number can reduce the thermal resistance of the heat sink. However, the reduction of the thermal resistance tends to become smaller as the Reynolds number increases. Additionally, enhancement of heat transfer by the heat sink is limited when the Reynolds number reaches a particular value. Therefore, a preferred Reynolds number can be chosen to reduce the pumping power. For a given fin width, the thermal performance of the heat sink with the highest fins exceeds that of the others, because the former has the largest heat transfer area. For a given fin height, the optimal fin width in terms of thermal performance increases with Reynolds number. As the fins become wider, the flow passages in the heat sink become constricted. As the fins become narrower, the heat transfer area of the heat sink declines. Both conditions reduce the heat transfer of the heat sink. Furthermore, different fin widths are required at different Reynolds numbers to minimize the thermal resistance.     

Thermal performance of a single-row fin-and-tube heat exchanger

Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of a single-row aluminum fin-and-tube crossflow heat exchanger with an emphasis in the regime of low flow rate of the in-tube fluid. The Chilton-Colburn analogy, in conjunction with the least-squares power-law technique, was used to correlate experimental data. Both air- and water-side heat transfer correlations were developed in the form of the Nusselt numbers as a function of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The experimental observations are quantitatively compared to the predictions of correlations available in the published literature. Different transfer mechanisms were found to be operative in the ranges of water-side Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter. In a range of Reynolds number from 1,200 to 6,000, the water-side thermal resistance accounts for less than ten percent of the overall thermal resistance. The dominant thermal resistance is always on the air-side. On the other hand, the thermal resistance of water-side is nearly equal to that of air-side in a Reynolds number range from 500 to 1,200.     

Heat transfer augmentation in 3D internally finned and microfinned helical tube

Experiments are performed to investigate the single-phase flow and flow-boiling heat transfer augmentation in 3D internally finned and micro-finned helical tubes. The tests for single-phase flow heat transfer augmentation are carried out in helical tubes with a curvature of 0.0663 and a length of 1.15 m, and the examined range of the Reynolds number varies from 1000 to 8500. Within the applied range of Reynolds number, compared with the smooth helical tube, the average heat transfer augmentation ratio for the two finned tubes is 71% and 103%, but associated with a flow resistance increase of 90% and 140%, respectively. A higher fin height gives a higher heat transfer rate and a larger friction flow resistance. The tests for flow-boiling heat transfer are carried out in 3D internally micro-finned helical tube with a curvature of 0.0605 and a length of 0.668 m. Compared with that in the smooth helical tube, the boiling heat transfer coefficient in the 3D internally micro-finned helical tube is increased by 40-120% under varied mass flow rate and wall heat flux conditions, meanwhile, the flow resistance is increased by 18-119%, respectively.