基于改进熵权法与时序算子的配网规划适应性动态评价

鉴于配网规划受内、外部因素的共同影响,采用解释结构模型法提取关键外部适应性指标,构建配网规划适应性指标体系,应用最小二乘法对熵权法得到的客观权重进行优化,进而采用时序算子动态评价模型对指标体系进行综合评价。对浙江省某地区的三个配网规划方案的评价结果表明,利用该评价体系与评价方法可获得配网规划适应性的优劣排序,该评价方法能更好地适应内外部影响因子随时间发展而带来的变动。     

电网规划评价业务的计算机实现过程研究

在开展电网规划理论研究时,有必要建立科学、高效的规划评估手段和实现方式。通过对现有的电网规划评价指标体系进行分析,以一体化电网规划设计平台为基础,构建电网规划评价指标库,分析其对评价指标的数据支撑程度,结合数据抽取的技术实现方式,提出一种新的电网规划评价方法。该方法有利于摸清电网的状况和电网特点、衡量不同方案的优劣并有助于把握电网的发展趋势,对提高电网规划的科学性和有效性有重要作用。     

水利风景区规划环境影响评价指标体系构建

为合理评价水利风景区规划实施可能产生的环境影响,构建了水利风景区建设发展规划环境影响评价指标体系,采用专家打分法、层次分析法、灰色关联聚类法筛选指标。根据相关规范,对评价因子进行标准化说明,并以绍兴市水利风景区为例梳理该评价指标体系。应用表明,该指标体系考虑了水利风景区规划实施后对所在地区的社会经济、生态环境、人群健康及文化等方面的影响,对水利风景区的规划环境影响评价具有指导意义。     

园区能源互联网规划评价指标体系与方法

  [目的]  园区能源互联网是对多种能源、负荷和电网进行统一协调优化实现能效最优的复杂系统,评价指标体系的构建和规划方案的综合评价,是园区能源互联网规划所必须解决的关键问题。  [方法]  从能源互联网的作用出发,构建了其规划的评价指标体系,对体系中各指标的定义及计算方法进行了详细说明,并基于层次分析法进行了量化评价,最后基于实际工程队对该指标体系及评价方法的应用进行了分析。  [结果]  利用该方法,可对各类园区的能源互联网项目进行更加定量、客观的综合效益评估。  [结论]  算例分析表明:所提的方法准确有效,为项目投资运营模式及技术方案的决策提供方法支持。     

基于低碳理论SE-DEA模型的电网评判指标研究

针对低碳电力对城市配电网规划影响的复杂性问题,阐述了低碳经济背景下传统配电网规划综合评价指标存在的不适应性.借鉴SE-DEA模型评价决策方法的优势,基于传统配电网规划综合评价指标体系,引入了清洁能源占输送容量的比重、智能化配电网容量比、节能发电调度中心比例和低碳用户规模等4个低碳要素完善了配电网规划的评价指标体系.构建了基于低碳理论的SE-DEA模型的评价流程,在定性数据的处理上采用了德尔菲法,有效降低了人为的主观性,增加了定性数据的可信度.     

流域梯级开发环境影响评价指标体系研究

借鉴国内相关研究成果,分析了流域梯级开发环境影响评价指标的选择原则,提出了流域梯级开发环境影响评价指标体系构建及其评价标准、评价方法,将该指标体系应用于江西省修河流域梯级开发环境影响评价的研究中,验证了本文方法有效、可行,可为流域梯级开发规划环境影响评价研究提供参考.     

基于主客观权重的配电网规划效益评价

在电力体制改革背景下,制定最优化的投资规划是整体计划的重要环节。文中从经济效益、技术效益、社会效益、环境效益4个方面出发,构建了配电网规划效益评价指标体系,利用改进的层次分析法与熵权法分别计算指标的主客观权重,根据最小鉴别信息原理,求解出综合权重。在此基础上,以整体规划项目投资效益评价的得分为依据,对配电网规划方案进行综合评价,为规划提供决策依据。文中以实际电网现状和规划数据为例,用所提方法进行了评价,所得出的结果验证了该效益评价模型的合理性和可行性。     

配电网规划评价指标体系和评分方法的研究

以单个变电站的配电网为评价对象,运用层次分析法和德尔菲法构建了一套新的科学实用、可操作的评价指标体系,通过量化分析,为配电网规划提供理论依据。     

区间数-灰靶决策模型在低碳电网规划评价中的应用

低碳电网规划作为电力工业的一个重要环节,为深入分析和评价低碳电网规划,建立了低碳电网规划评价的综合指标体系,引入区间数理论处理电网规划面临的不确性问题,结合灰色系统理论中的灰靶决策方法构建区间型多指标灰靶决策模型,并以保定地区电网规划为例进行方案评价比选。结果表明,该方法有效合理,准确度和可信度较高。     

基于灰色关联度和证据理论的电源规划综合评价指标体系研究

为对电源规划方案进行全面、有效的评价,提出一种基于灰色关联理论和证据理论电源规划综合评价指标体系建立方法。首先建立电源规划综合评价指标体系,对规划方案的可靠性、安全性、经济性和环保性4个方面进行综合评价;采用灰色关联理论与证据理论相结合的方法实现客观的灰色关联理论与专家主观经验的结合,保证评价指标体系的正确性与合理性。其次建立基于云模型的指标权重集、和隶属度矩阵,进行云模型综合评价。在此基础上,通过算例仿真验证电源规划综合评价指标体系与云模型综合评价模型的相结合的方法,为电源规划方案综合决策提供一套较系统、完整的评价方法。     

Construction and application of a performance assessment model for energy conservation and carbon reduction industries

This study primarily focused on investigating energy conservation and carbon reduction performance assessment indexes as policy-making references for screening energy conservation and carbon reduction industries. Based on the perspectives of the value chain, the study classified these industries into energy supply, conversion, and utilization types. The upstream energy supply function was associated with the supply of energy sources; the midstream conversion function, with the conversion of energy sources into energy forms such as electricity or thermal energy; and the downstream utilization function, with the production of the function(s) required by users through electrical power or thermal energy. From the viewpoints of energy conservation and carbon reduction, this study divided the assessment indexes into five categories: energy supply efficiency, conversion efficiency, utilization efficiency, consumption, and carbon emission. This study first explained the investigation of energy conservation and carbon reduction indexes and then constructed an energy conservation and carbon reduction performance assessment model. Finally, as an example, a fuel cell-powered motorcycle developed by the hydrogen power and fuel cell industry was considered in order to estimate actual energy conservation and carbon reduction performance. Biomass fermentation was used to produce the hydrogen supply. The results indicated that this model could both estimate energy consumption and CO₂ emission and analyze major energy conservation and carbon reduction sources for these industries.     

An optimal method of the energy consumption for fuel cell hybrid tram

Energy conservation running for vehicle has been a promising research hotspot in the many universities and research institutions. In order to improve the energy utilization rate in the vehicle running process, an optimization method of the energy consumption and recycle based on fuel cell (FC)/supercapacitor (SC) hybrid tram is proposed in this paper. In the method, a tram operation energy management strategy based on Pontriagin's minimum principle (PMP) can effectively was proposed what adjusts the output power of FC and SC and decreases hydrogen consumption. In addition, a tram breaking velocity curve with maximum energy recovery and the allocation strategy between regenerative force and mechanical braking force be also studied in this paper. According to the simulation results, it could be obtained that the Energy conservation rate is about 5% higher than the un-optimized, it will effectively decrease hydrogen consumption.     

An investigation into the present situation and characteristics of china's energy consumption

The present situation of China's energy consumption and its composition in the past decade is introduced in this paper. The characteristics of energy consumption in China are: energy sources are mainly supplied domestically; coal predominates in the composition of energy consumption (average 725%); industrial energy consumption takes the largest proportion of the final energy consumption (average 65.6%); the utilization efficiency of energy is low; serious environmental pollution is caused by coal combustion. It is necessary to conduct technology innovation for energy conservation because of the low efficiency utilization of energy by appliances and the backwardness of industrial technologies. China must carry out continuously the principle ‘lay equal stress on development and conservation and give priority to conservation in the near future’ with the idea that the economy will have a high growth rate.     

江西能源结构与能源效率实证研究

节约能源是中国基本国策,省委、省政府对节能工作高度重视,明确提出“十一五”末单位GDP能耗下20％的奋斗目标。随着江西省工业化、江西城市化进程的进一步加快,国民经济增长对能源的依赖程度逐步增强。经济的发展离不开能源,但能源高消费也将给社会带来巨大的负面影响。因此,优化能源结构、提高能源利用效率,对促进国民经济向资源节约型社会转变具有十分重要的意义。那么优化能源结构到底在多大程度上影响到能源效率？文章根据1985—2008年江西能源消费数据,建立能源效率与能源消费结构的计量模型,定量分析煤品、油品、电力等能源结构对能源效率的影响,并根据模型结果,从能源消费结构的角度提出优化我省能源结构和提高能源效率的政策建议。     

The present situation and characteristics of China's energy consumption

China's present energy consumption and its composition in the past decade is introduced in this paper. Energy in China is mainly sourced domestically; coal predominates in the composition of energy consumption (average 72.5%); industrial energy consumption is a large proportion of final energy consumption (average 65.6%); the utilization efficiency of energy is low; serious environment pollution is caused by coal combustion. It is necessary to introduce technology innovation for energy conservation because of the low energy efficiency of equipment and the backwardness of industrial technologies. China must ‘lay equal stress on development and conservation and give priority to conservation in the near future’ while maintaining economic growth.     

我国工业节能现状调研和对策

近年来我国一次能源的消费持续快速增长,尤其是工业领域能耗巨大,约占我国总能耗的70%,能源供应形势严峻。针对目前我国以化石能源消耗为主的能耗结构,本文在用能现状分析的基础上,着重从科学用能的角度提出了节能降耗的关键技术路线,主要包括热能的梯级利用、能源-资源的综合利用、动力机械节能、余能的回收利用等,同时探讨了依靠良好的政策管理、积极的示范推广来实现节能的目的。     

世界主要国家能源消费实证分析

本文主要采用节能率、能源效率、人均能源消费量等指标,来长周期比较主要国家能源消费状况,并力求在指标对比中获取对中国实施节能优先能源消费战略可供借鉴的国际经验。     

汽车制造企业能耗分析及节能新技术

对目前国内主要汽车制造企业的能耗结构进行调研和分析,介绍了汽车制造企业在规划设计阶段可能采用的、节能效果较为显著的部分新技术,探讨了某些高能耗工艺可能采取的节能措施。     

An operating state estimation model for integrated energy systems based on distributed solution

In view of the disadvantages of the traditional energy supply systems, such as separate planning, separate design, independent operating mode, and the increasingly prominent nonlinear coupling between various sub-systems, the production, transmission, storage and consumption of multiple energy sources are coordinated and optimized by the integrated energy system, which improves energy and infrastructure utilization, promotes renewable energy consumption, and ensures reliability of energy supply. In this paper, the mathematical model of the electricity-gas interconnected integrated energy system and its state estimation method are studied. First, considering the nonlinearity between measurement equations and state variables, a performance simulation model is proposed. Then, the state consistency equations and constraints of the coupling nodes for multiple energy sub-systems are established, and constraints are relaxed into the objective function to decouple the integrated energy system. Finally, a distributed state estimation framework is formed by combining the synchronous alternating direction multiplier method to achieve an efficient estimation of the state of the integrated energy system. A simulation model of an electricity-gas interconnected integrated energy system verifies the efficiency and accuracy of the state estimation method proposed in this paper. The results show that the average relative errors of voltage amplitude and node pressure estimated by the proposed distributed state estimation method are only 0.0132% and 0.0864%, much lower than the estimation error by using the Lagrangian relaxation method. Besides, compared with the centralized estimation method, the proposed distributed method saves 5.42 s of computation time. The proposed method is more accurate and efficient in energy allocation and utilization.     

Energy policies for sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development of poor areas in China

Focusing on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households and regional sustainable development, this research takes Yan’an at the upper reaches of Yellow River and Zhaotong at mid-upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the study areas, extracts the central affecting factors of energy consumption and characteristic indexes of energy zoning based on 1560 rural household questionnaires of 85 villages in 4 counties (districts) and database analysis of socio-economic development, conducts energy zoning for the poor areas in China, and puts forward specific supporting policies for each type of zone. The research finds that (1) the study areas are found to have the following energy consumption characteristics: low per capita energy consumption (merely 1/4 of the national average), with energy consumption for non-production purposes taking up the main part (more than 70%), high proportion of non-commercial energy, i.e. firewood, straw, etc. (more than 45%), low utilization rate of such new energy resources as biogas, solar energy, etc. (lower than 2% in high mountain regions), remarkable differentiation of vertical and horizontal zonality, etc. (2) Physical conditions like temperature and topography, socio-economic factors, i.e. income of rural households, energy endowment, transportation conditions, and institutional factors like policy support are the major affecting factors of energy consumption and characteristic indexes of energy policy zoning. (3) According to the characteristic index evaluation and matrix classification of both the suitability for energy development and types of regional energy endowment, the poor areas in China can be divided into three energy policy-oriented zones, i.e. network-based centralized energy supply zone, diversified energy utilization zone, and new energy utilization zone.