网络热力学的建模方法

为进行热经济学的能量系统兼顾生态环境的第三层次优化，引入了网络热力学建模，进而形成了一种热经济学的新模式——网络模式。简要回顾网络热力学的起源和发展，提出了网络热力学的建模理论和方法。进行了某生态系统的网络热力学方法分析，表明网络热力学可把许多复杂问题转化为非电问题的电气网络，实现了复杂问题的描述离散化，最终演化成矩阵分析的简洁处理。因而，网络模式热经济学不但扩大了网络热力学的运用范围和规模，而且顺应了计算机发展的新形势，网络热力学必将成为分析各种复杂的包括生态系统在内的物理与工程系统的强有力的通用工具。     

热经济学的辉煌发展

阐述了节能理论与技术中的热经济学,说明其诞生与发展,用途与用法。简介当今出现的各种不同模式。热经济学是热力学分析与经济因素结合的产物,鉴于全球性环保问题的严重性,也对其进行了深入的研究,并发现了一条难以逾越的鸿沟,这就是尚未解决的生物熵的求解问题。解不出生物熵,就别奢谈求解生物Ｙｏｎｇ,更无法求解生态平衡。本文前半部分主要介绍热经济学,后半部分则主要叙述在越过生物熵来求解生物Ｙｏｎｇ的路上的一些探     

舰用燃气轮机的热经济性分析

阐述了热经济学的思路,针对舰用燃气轮机的热力学模型,建立了燃气轮机的热经济学模型,并讨论了燃气轮机购置费用的估算方法。实例计算结果表明,舰用燃气轮机的总费用率存在一个最小值,且燃料的市场价格、动力装置的年运行时数对装置的总费用率影响较大。     

不可逆损失方程在热经济学结构理论中的重要作用

热经济学是热力学与经济学得交叉学科,目前,热经济学结构理论普遍应用于火电机组的故障诊断,此文推导了热经济学结构理论中的不可逆损失方程,并指出了此方程在进行故障和障碍分析中的重要作用,为以后运用结构理论进行热经济学故障诊断提供了方便。     

热经济学结构理论中不可逆损失方程的推导

热经济学是热力学与经济学得交叉学科,目前,热经济学结构理论普遍应用于火电机组的故障诊断.热经济学结构理论故障诊断方法的主要目的是确定故障发生的部位,与其它的分析方法相比具有实用性广,简洁,准确的特点.此文推导了热经济学结构理论中的不可逆损失方程,为以后运用结构理论进行热经济学故障诊断提供了方便.     

热电价格参数化框架

确定热、电价格的首要一步是，用相应的工程热力学参数合理确定热、电燃料分摊问题；第二是，从利润入手，确定盈余年均利润，以充分反映影响热、电价格的种种因素；第三步，仿效热、电燃料分摊参数化，正确选定相应的行业参数；最后一步，将影响热、电价格的各种因素，包括行业参数在内，融于一体--经济方程中，建立热、电价格参数化框架。本文把上述确定热、电价格的全过程称为跨学科的热经济学课题，是工程热力学和技术经济学这两门学科的交叉课题。     

关于换热系统优化目标函数的探讨

通过对影响换热系统可用能费用损失的各种因素进行分析,综合考虑换热器的材料消耗费用,提出了基于热力学第二定律的对换热系统进行优化的目标函数,并利用工程热力学、流体力学及热经济学的理论对目标函数进行了推导,得到了目标函数的计算公式。     

熵与yong及yong分析与yong传递

能量与能质寓于同一的客观属体——能，又分别表征能的不同的客观属性。热力学可划分为基础热力学和应用热力学两大类，相应地形成了分别以熵和yong为核心的两个热力学参数框架体系。yong理论的直接应用是，用分析法；其扩展应用是与经济学结合产生的热经济学，与传输学结合产生炯传递理论。     

熵与(火用)及(火用)分析与(火用)传递

能量与能质寓于同一的客观属体--能,又分别表征能的不同的客观属性.热力学可划分为基础热力学和应用热力学两大类,相应地形成了分别以熵和(火用)为核心的两个热力学参数框架体系.(火用)理论的直接应用是(火用)分析法;其扩展应用是与经济学结合产生的热经济学,与传输学结合产生(火用)传递理论.     

节能热力学和热经济学《连载》

第九讲 热经济学(上) 热经济学是本世纪六十年代兴起的一门研究热系统经济运转的应用性学科,也是热力学和经济学两门学科结合而产生的一门边缘学科。 热经济学的研究对象是热系统的经济行为,因而是一门微观经济学。所谓热系统,乃是指它通过能量传递—转换,能对社会提供有用商品的一个技术组合实体。因此,动力装置、化工装置等均可视为这样的实体。     

CPR1000核电机组加热器系统炯损分布规律研究

热力学第二定律及热经济学结构理论构建的加热器系统烟分析方法.可以全面分析加热器系统粗(用)炯损分布规律.以CPR1000核电机组加热器系统为例进行了计算,得到系统在热力学方面的薄弱环节,利于今后采取相应的措施对其进行改进.     

EXERGOECONOMIC EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT

The second law of thermodynamics combined with economics represents a very powerful tool for the systematic study and optimization of energy systems. This combination forms the basis of the relatively new field of thermoeconomics (exergoeconomics). This approach allows the monetary evaluation of costs caused by irreversibilities (exergy losses) as well as comparisons between these costs and the investment and operating costs for each component of a power plant. A 35MW solar thermal power plant has been analyzed with the aid of the exergoeconomics. It is found that in the reheater, heat exchanger and pumps it will be profitable to reduce exergy losses even by increasing the capital costs. Whereas it will be profitable to reduce capital cost in feed water heaters (no. 1, 2 and 3) by compromising with exergy losses. Most crucial component is the solar collector field where exergy losses are severe and it requires efficient collector design. Unfortunately not much could be done at the moment for the collectors. Its fate will depend on the advancements in collector technology.

The analysis permits identification and evaluation of inefficiencies in the plant and opportunities for improvement in the plant components.     

电站锅炉传递描述

能量的传递和转换必然伴随其"质"--(火用)的传递和转换.能量在传递和转换过程中其量守恒,而炯在传递和转换过程中其量不守恒,因此(火用)必有其独特的传递和转换规律.常规(火用)平衡分析综合热力学第一定律和第二定律,以(火用)效率为评价指标,属于静态热力学研究.参照工程(火用)传递评价准则,提出了堋传递系数、(火用)流密度、(火用)损率等评价指标,并针对某台锅炉机组进行了(火用)传递分析,通过与常规的传热及(火用)平衡分析比较,提供了一些新的技术评价信息.     

A contribution for thermoeconomic modelling: A methodology proposal

This work presents a thermoeconomic optimization methodology for the analysis and design of energy systems. This methodology involves economic aspects related to the exergy conception, in order to develop a tool to assist the equipment selection, operation mode choice as well as to optimize the thermal plants design. It also presents the concepts related to exergy in a general scope and in thermoeconomics which combines the thermal sciences principles (thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics) and the economic engineering in order to rationalize energy systems investment decisions, development and operation. Even in this paper, it develops a thermoeconomic methodology through the use of a simple mathematical model, involving thermodynamics parameters and costs evaluation, also defining the objective function as the exergetic production cost. The optimization problem evaluation is developed for two energy systems. First is applied to a steam compression refrigeration system and then to a cogeneration system using backpressure steam turbine.     

Thermodynamical analysis of human thermal comfort

Traditional methods of human thermal comfort analysis are based on the first law of thermodynamics. These methods use an energy balance of the human body to determine heat transfer between the body and its environment. By contrast, the second law of thermodynamics introduces the useful concept of exergy. It enables the determination of the exergy consumption within the human body dependent on human and environmental factors. Human body exergy consumption varies with the combination of environmental (room) conditions. This process is related to human thermal comfort in connection with temperature, heat, and mass transfer. In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of human heat and mass transfer based on the 2nd law of thermodynamics in presented. It is shown that the human body's exergy consumption in relation to selected human parameters exhibits a minimal value at certain combinations of environmental parameters. The expected thermal sensation also shows that there is a correlation between exergy consumption and thermal sensation. Thus, our analysis represents an improvement in human thermal modelling and gives more information about the environmental impact on expected human thermal sensation.     

燃气初温对燃气轮机[火用]损失的影响分析

基于热力学第二定律,对燃气轮机实际简单循环推导出了燃气轮机各部件[火用]损失的计算公式。通过对某型燃气轮机的定量计算,得出了燃气轮机在不同燃气初温下的[火用]损失。结果表明,燃气初温对燃气轮机的[火用]损失有较大的影响。     

原油管输不可逆过程火用的传递和转换规律研究

基于不可逆过程热力学的基本理论,探讨了原油管输过程各不可逆过程的强度量势场梯度驱动力作用下的火用流传递现象,结合原油管道输送过程的基本场平衡方程组和普遍化热力学体系的火用平衡动力学方程,推导了管输过程的热火用和压火用传递和转换方程,进一步建立管输过程的总火用传递方程。以某原油管道为例,对管道输送过程进行数值分析得到管输过程中热火用和压火用的传递和转换火用流分布规律,为将火用的传递转换规律应用到管道节能体系中提供理论基础和合理依据。     

A phenomenological equation of exergy transfer and its application

A phenomenological equation of exergy transfer, which indicates the relation between exergy flux, exergy resistance and exergy driving forces, is derived by applying non-equilibrium thermodynamics to second law analysis, and simultaneously the expressions of the coefficients of exergy transfer are obtained. The results show that exergy transfers in different forms interact on each other. This study also proposes a simplified expression of exergy transfer coefficients by neglecting some minor engineering couplings in exergy transfers. Furthermore, a mixture consisting of two components is discussed. As an application of this result, thermal exergy transfer within a flat plate is studied.