欧美摩托车灯具配光性能测试中光源的使用

灯具配光性能是关系车辆行车安全的重要性能指标,本文对依据欧洲法规及美国标准进行配光性能测试的方法进行简要比较说明,并详细分析测试中光源的使用要求.     

国标中使用S1/S2灯泡的摩托车前照灯配光性能与美标的比较研究

对国标中使用S1/S2灯泡的摩托车前照灯配光性能与美标中的相应的配光性能要求做了介绍,并对两者远近光配光性能的不同之处作了详细的比较与分析.     

关于GB19152-2003《轻便摩托车前照灯配光性能》实施前景的分析与对策

20 0 3年 11月 1日 ,GB1915 2 - 2 0 0 3《轻便摩托车前照灯配光性能》正式实施。本文对该标准的实施前景进行了分析 ,提出了解决问题的办法。     

LED路灯自由曲面二次光学透镜的设计

半导体发光二极管（LED）的发光效率高、寿命长等优点,使其成为目前道路照明中的应用趋势。针对LED在道路照明上的应用,为获得路面上均匀的矩形配光效果对选定的LED进行自由曲面二次光学透镜的设计,设计出符合城市道路照明标准的LED路灯配光方案,使LED模组直接实现矩形配光。考虑封装后LED的实际配光曲线应用网格对应法利用计算软件标定自由曲面二次光学透镜的离散数据点坐标,对透镜结构进行建模。     

装用几个光源的光信号装置配光性能检验方法的研究

本文针对国标( GB17510 - 2008)与相应欧标中规定的装用几个光源的光信号装置的两种配光性能检验方法进行了试验研究,并通过分析讨论得出了应该尽量选择使用标准灯泡逐一试验法的结论.     

试验样板漫反射率对机动车后牌照灯配光性能测试的影响

本文介绍分别用漫反射率为83．6％和92．3％的试验样板进行的摩托车后牌照灯配光性能试验，并对结果进行分析，指出应对试验用样板的漫反射率做出更为细化的规定。     

结构性能设计及其应用研究

介绍性能设计理念的产生与发展及性能设计方法与性能目标的确定,探讨了水工结构中引入性能设计的必要性和目前研究状况,指出目前性能设计中存在的问题,为相关专业的设计研究提供参考.     

等压出油阀的应用研究

通过对等压出油阀与等容出油阀在结构原理、性能等方面的分析及对比,对等压出油阀的工作原理及供油特性等进行了分析研究,并对等压出油阀的结构及调整参数对燃油系统性能的影响进行了对比试验,提出了采用等压出油阀后对燃油系统和柴油机性能的影响。     

波动高背压环境下的船用柴油机性能

针对波动高背压环境下的柴油机性能异化问题开展背压对柴油机性能影响规律研究,构建波动高背压环境的船用柴油机性能预测模型,并基于试验测量结果进行标定。基于该模型研究在不同背压环境下柴油机性能与关键参数的变化规律。结果表明：高背压显著影响柴油机输出功率,在背压为165 kPa时降幅高达69%,且排温快速达到限制值;在背压波动工况下,柴油机性能及运行参数呈现出围绕准稳态性能的迟滞环特征,该非定常迟滞效应在波动周期及背压时均值降低时均明显强化。柴油机配气系统内流体的气动惯性及涡前能量对背压的敏感度差异是造成在背压波动工况下柴油机性能迟滞效应的原因。     

高低温环境对弹簧分离装置输出性能影响的试验研究

采用试验的方法,研究弹簧分离装置输出性能随温度的变化规律及高低温长期贮存对弹簧分离装置输出性能的影响.最终得出弹簧刚度随温度的变化关系,不锈钢丝剪切模量的温变系数及特定温度下剪切模量的计算公式,具有工程实用价值;证明了高低温长期贮存不会影响弹簧分离装置输出性能.     

Concentration of solar radiation in optical medium

The optical and geometrical conditions to provide increase of the radiation flux density in an optical medium, along with increase of the beam intensity known from photometry, are determined.     

差示光度法测定钼铁中钼量的研究与应用

提出在生产实践中采用差示光度法快速测定钼铁中含钼量。方法利用稀硝酸及过氧化氢分解试样,在硫酸介质中,铜盐、亚铁等催化剂存在下,使用还原剂抗坏血酸把钼（VI）还原到钼（V）,使钼（V）与硫氰酸根离子形成稳定的橙红色络合物[MoO（SCN）5]2-,借此进行差示光度测定。     

载体SiO_2上纳米TiO_2膜的制备及光催化性能

以SiO2 为载体 ,在酸性条件下 ,用TiCl4 水解法制备了TiO2 纳米膜催化剂TiO2 /SiO2 。以IR、XRD、SEM和吸光光度法对其进行了表征 ,所制TiO2 膜的平均粒径在 12nm以内 ,并能在很宽的煅烧温度范围内保持锐钛矿晶体结构 ;将TiO2 /SiO2 应用于光催化降解敌敌畏 (DDVP) ,具有高的光催化活性 ,且易回收及反复使用。探讨了不同条件对光催化活性的影响。     

载体SiO2上纳米TiO2膜的制备及光催化性能

以SiO2为载体，在酸性条件下，用TiCl4水解法制备了TiO2纳米膜催化剂TiO2/SiO2，以IR，XRD，SEM和吸光光度法对其进行了表征，所制TiO2膜的平均粒径在12nm以内，并能在很宽的煅烧温度内保持锐钛矿晶体结构，将TiO2/SiO2应用于光催化降解敌敌畏（DDVP），具有高的光催化活性，且易回收及反复使用，探讨了不同条件对光催化活性的影响。     

还原型硅钼酸盐光度法测定不锈钢中硅含量的试验研究

钢铁及合金中酸溶硅的含量测定,对应于国家标准GB223.5-2008《钢铁及合金化学分析方法还原型硅钼酸盐光度法测定酸溶硅含量》,本标准适用于铁、碳钢、低合金钢中0.030%(m/m)~1.00%(m/m)酸溶硅含量的测定,实验方法简单、快速、分析准确,广泛用于基本的化学成分分析试验,也被用做仲裁实验;本文参照此方法对不锈钢进行分析测定。材料研究所将国家标准GB223.5-2008《钢铁及合金化学分析方法还原型硅钼酸盐光度法测定酸溶硅含量》的适用范围进行扩大,在此国家标准的基础上改进,形成一个应用范围更广的非标准实验方法,以便适应我公司目前的理化检验现状。     

Experimental investigation of water droplet–air flow interaction in a non-reacting PEM fuel cell channel

It has been well documented that water production in PEM fuel cells occurs in discrete locations, resulting in the formation and growth of discrete droplets on the gas diffusion layer (GDL) surface within the gas flow channels (GFCs). This research uses a simulated fuel cell GFC with three transparent walls in conjunction with a high speed fluorescence photometry system to capture videos of dynamically deforming droplets. Such videos clearly show that the droplets undergo oscillatory deformation patterns. Although many authors have previously investigated the air flow induced droplet detachment, none of them have studied these oscillatory modes. The novelty of this work is to process and analyze the recorded videos to gather information on the droplets induced oscillation. Plots are formulated to indicate the dominant horizontal and vertical deformation frequency components over the range of sizes of droplets from formation to detachment. The system is also used to characterize droplet detachment size at a variety of channel air velocities. A simplified model to explain the droplet oscillation mechanism is provided as well.     

Optimization of CdO layer in a Se---CdO photovoltaic cell

An experimental study was made on a Se---CdO photovoltaic cell of conventional structure to optimize the conditions during the dc reactive sputtering of the CdO layer. The parameters varied were: sputtering current, pressure, gas flow rate, deposition time and ratio of oxygen to argon in the sputtering gas. These parameters were found to be very critical in determining photovoltaic cell performance at higher light levels. The electrical resistance and optical transparency in the CdO, are determined by its stoichiometry and this in turn was found to be controlled by the film deposition rate, through sputtering current and pressure and by oxygen content in the sputtering gas. A laboratory-fabricated Se---CdO photovoltaic cell with an optimized CdO window layer (but without an optimized collecting grid or antireflecting coating) was found to yield a conversion efficiency of about 2.5% under 100 mW/cm² of solar irradiance and about 5% under fluorescent room light of irradiance 0.13 mW/cm². For a standard commercial selenium photometry cell the corresponding efficiency values were 0.3% and 3%, respectively.     

Characteristics of premixed hydrogen/air squish flame in a confined vessel

The appearance of the squish flame is of great significance to accelerate burning progress and improve the combustion efficiency. In this paper, we experimentally studied the characteristics of the squish flame in a cylindrical constant volume vessel under different initial pressures and equivalence ratios by using high-speed schlieren photometry. Due to the compression of the main flame front, “squish flow” was induced in the analogous triangular vertebrae region besieged by the convex flame front, the concave wall and the flat optical windows, which provided the perturbation of large wavelength to promote the appearance of the squish flame. When the squish flames occur, as the initial pressure increases, the main flame propagation distance becomes shorter, the main flame propagation velocity increases first and then gradually saturates to a certain value; as the equivalence ratio increases, the main flame propagation distance becomes longer, the main flame propagation velocity rises first and then declines, and the maximum is obtained in the vicinity of Φ = 1.0. There exists a critical initial pressure at each equivalence ratio below which no squish flame appears, and it takes on a U-shaped trend with the increase of equivalence ratio. The hydrodynamic instability plays a key role in the formation of the squish flame. The squish flame tends to appear at higher hydrodynamic instability. The formation mechanism and the critical feature of the squish flame obtained in this paper can provide a theoretical guide to achieve fast controllable combustion.     

Modelling Complex Fenestration Systems using physical and virtual models

Physical or virtual models are commonly used to visualize the conceptual ideas of architects, lighting designers and researchers; they are also employed to assess the daylighting performance of buildings, particularly in cases where Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS) are considered. Recent studies have however revealed a general tendency of physical models to over-estimate this performance, compared to those of real buildings; these discrepancies can be attributed to several reasons. In order to identify the main error sources, a series of comparisons in-between a real building (a single office room within a test module) and the corresponding physical and virtual models was undertaken. The physical model was placed in outdoor conditions, which were strictly identical to those of the real building, as well as underneath a scanning sky simulator. The virtual model simulations were carried out by way of the Radiance program using the GenSky function; an alternative evaluation method, named Partial Daylight Factor method (PDF method), was also employed with the physical model together with sky luminance distributions acquired by a digital sky scanner during the monitoring of the real building. The overall daylighting performance of physical and virtual models were assessed and compared. The causes of discrepancies between the daylighting performance of the real building and the models were analysed. The main identified sources of errors are the reproduction of building details, the CFS modelling and the mocking-up of the geometrical and photometrical properties. To study the impact of these errors on daylighting performance assessment, computer simulation models created using the Radiance program were also used to carry out a sensitivity analysis of modelling errors.The study of the models showed that large discrepancies can occur in daylighting performance assessment. In case of improper mocking-up of the glazing for instance, relative divergences of 25-40% can be found in different room locations, suggesting that more light is entering than actually monitored in the real building. All these discrepancies can however be reduced by making an effort to carefully mock up the geometry and photometry of the real building. A synthesis is presented in this article which can be used as guidelines for daylighting designers to avoid or estimate errors during CFS daylighting performance assessment.     

生物质气化技术及产业发展分析

生物质气化用途广泛、原料种类和规模适应性强,是实现生物质分布式开发利用和可燃固体废弃物处理的有效途径,可部分替代化石能源、推进节能减排、助力实现可持续发展,在世界范围内得到了广泛应用。本文综述了生物质气化、燃气净化关键技术和供热、发电、合成液体燃料等产业的发展现状,在此基础上对中国生物质气化产业前景进行了展望。