1000 MW超超临界锅炉中间点温度和汽温控制

研究了国内2类不同型式的1000 MW超超临界锅炉的中间点温度控制、主蒸汽和再热蒸汽的汽温特性、各受热面的吸热比例和煤质变化对水煤比控制的影响等问题.结果表明:蒸汽参数基本相同的1000 MW超超临界锅炉,虽然采用了不同的水冷壁结构形式、不同的受热面布置以及不同的汽温调节方式,但反映运行特性的关键技术参数的控制值基本相同;过热汽温变化特性主要表现为辐射特性;再热汽温特性主要表现为对流特性;水冷壁吸热变化对中间点温度和汽温控制起主导作用;分隔屏对汽温特性起重要作用.     

1000MW超超临界锅炉中间点温度和汽温控制

研究了国内2类不同型式的1000 MW超超临界锅炉的中间点温度控制、主蒸汽和再热蒸汽的汽温特性、各受热面的吸热比例和煤质变化对水煤比控制的影响等问题。结果表明：蒸汽参数基本相同的1000 MW超超临界锅炉,虽然采用了不同的水冷壁结构形式、不同的受热面布置以及不同的汽温调节方式,但反映运行特性的关键技术参数的控制值基本相同;过热汽温变化特性主要表现为辐射特性;再热汽温特性主要表现为对流特性;水冷壁吸热变化对中间点温度和汽温控制起主导作用;分隔屏对汽温特性起重要作用。     

超临界锅炉水冷壁工质温度的控制

分析了600MW超临界锅炉下辐射区水冷壁出口工质温度与水冷壁安全性和汽温调节的关系。系统地分析了超临界压力下水和水蒸汽的热物性和在燃用不同煤质对下辐射区水冷壁出口和中间点工质温度的影响。指出水冷壁辐射传热量变化和工质热物性剧烈变化是决定水冷壁工质温度的主要因素，另外，还包括省煤器出口工质温度、蒸发系统的储热量、直吹式磨煤系统调节动态响应特性等。提出了超临界锅炉汽温调节和煤水比调节应注意的几个主要问题。     

超超临界二次再热直流锅炉水冷壁水动力特性研究

针对超超临界二次再热直流锅炉水冷壁的结构特点,将水冷壁划分为由压力节点和管组构成的汽水网络系统。根据质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒定律,建立了超超临界二次再热直流锅炉水冷壁压降、流量及出口汽温的计算模型。在此基础上,对某电厂1 000 MW超超临界二次再热螺旋管圈直流锅炉在不同负荷时上升系统的总压降、流量分配及上下炉膛水冷壁工质汽温进行了计算。计算结果表明:下炉膛水冷壁流量分配较为均匀,上炉膛水冷壁呈现出正流量响应特性,低负荷时工质温度出现"吸热平坦区",各面墙中部出口汽温最高。     

600MW超临界W火焰锅炉前墙上炉膛水冷壁撕裂原因分析及处理

针对某超临界W火焰锅炉投产初期出现的前墙上炉膛水冷壁变形撕裂问题,分析了现场实测汽温数据,进行了炉内数值模拟计算和水动力校核计算,得出汽温偏差过大的原因.结果表明:各管出口汽温偏差太大导致上炉膛水冷壁的变形撕裂;通过运行调整、检修和技术改造,水冷壁的变形撕裂问题得到解决,满足了锅炉安全稳定运行的需要.     

超临界锅炉的汽温特性及控制

探索了几种超临界锅炉的汽温变化特性.根据实际数据获得了不同型式超临界锅炉过热器系统吸热量变化特性都是辐射特性的结论,并论证了此结论的合理性;分析了影响超临界锅炉汽温特性的几个主要因素;分析了1000 MW超超临界锅炉采用烟气挡板与摆动式燃烧器配合调温的技术优势;提出了超临界锅炉启动过程及变压运行各阶段汽温控制的要点.     

1000 MW二次再热超超临界锅炉水动力及流动不稳定性计算分析

国电泰州电厂的1 000 MW超超临界二次再热塔式锅炉为单炉膛布置。由于超超临界二次再热锅炉汽水流程复杂,工质温度水平较高,容易出现水冷壁超温现象。锅炉在低负荷运行时,省煤器出口工质欠焓减小,容易造成工质汽化以及流动不稳定现象。采用流动网络系统的水动力计算模型,对锅炉在不同负荷时上、下炉膛水冷壁出口汽温进行了计算,与实炉数据进行了比较,并对30%THA负荷进行了流动不稳定性校核。计算结果表明:100%负荷及75%负荷时,上、下炉膛水冷壁出口汽温运行偏差低于设计编差;施加热负荷扰动后流量在一定时间后能恢复稳定,锅炉水冷壁的运行是安全稳定的。由此表明所建立的1 000 MW超超临界二次再热塔式锅炉水动力计算模型和所开发的程序是可靠的,研究结果为超超临界二次再热锅炉设计提供了参考。     

超临界锅炉变压运行与传热特性的量化分析

针对超临界锅炉变压运行中汽水温度和压力变化范围大,导致水煤比调节难度增大和受热面超温等问题,选择适用于大容量锅炉传热计算的改进方法,对600MW超临界锅炉进行传热计算。从系统性量化分析各部分受热面传热特性的角度,阐述了超临界锅炉变压运行时各部分受热面中汽水焓增的变化规律和传热特点以及汽水系统运行调节的关键点。提出超临界锅炉变压运行中过热汽温和再热汽温的优化调节方法。指出决定水煤比控制的关键因素和为数不少的超临界锅炉低负荷变压运行时屏式过热器容易超温的主要原因。     

660 MW超超临界锅炉火焰偏斜调整方法浅析

某公司超超临界660 MW机组四角切圆锅炉由于设计、安装等原因,运行中出现燃烧火焰偏斜问题,水冷壁壁温左右侧偏差达到80℃,后屏出口蒸汽温度左右侧偏差达到60℃,主、再汽温左右侧偏差达到15℃,严重影响机组运行的安全性、经济性。基于对660 MW四角切圆锅炉燃烧调整方法的分析与总结,纠正了火焰中心偏斜,消除了水冷壁壁温偏差和汽温偏差,优于设计值,确保了锅炉安全运行。     

超临界600MW锅炉汽温控制分析

介绍AGC负荷指令频繁变动、中间点温度修正控制器、水冷壁后墙悬吊管金属温度、煤质变化、给水泵再循环在低负荷阶段及减温调节设备等,对超临界600MW锅炉主汽温、再热汽温影响的原因与控制难点。总结了运行控制措施,并为设备进一步整改、热工控制系统的进一步优化提供参考依据。     

Numerical analysis of flow instability in the water wall of a supercritical CFB boiler with annular furnace

In order to expand the study on flow instability of supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, a new numerical computational model considering the heat storage of the tube wall metal was presented in this paper. The lumped parameter method was proposed for wall temperature calculation and the single channel model was adopted for the analysis of flow instability. Based on the time-domain method, a new numerical computational program suitable for the analysis of flow instability in the water wall of supercritical CFB boiler with annular furnace was established. To verify the code, calculation results were respectively compared with data of commercial software. According to the comparisons, the new code was proved to be reasonable and accurate for practical engineering application in analysis of flow instability. Based on the new program, the flow instability of supercritical CFB boiler with annular furnace was simulated by time-domain method. When 1.2 times heat load disturbance was applied on the loop, results showed that the inlet flow rate, outlet flow rate and wall temperature fluctuated with time eventually remained at constant values, suggesting that the hydrodynamic flow was stable. The results also showed that in the case of considering the heat storage, the flow in the water wall is easier to return to stable state than without considering heat storage.     

超临界锅炉水冷壁技术特点分析与比较

本文对目前超临界锅炉主要采用的水冷壁型式及其技术特点进行了分析和比较。通过对水循环特性、主要设计参数、结构特点以及制造、安装等方面因素的阐述,分别指出了两种主要的水冷壁型式的优点,为超临界锅炉水冷壁的选取和设计提供参考。     

Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

The future of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology is in raising the steam parameters to supercritical levels. Understanding the heat flux distribution on the water wall is one of the most important issues in the design and operation of supercritical pressure CFB boilers. In the present paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to predict the heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat flux of the membrane wall and the results are validated by direct measurement of the temperature around the tube. Studies on the horizontal heat flux distribution were conducted in three CFB boilers with different furnace size, tube dimension and water temperature. The results are useful in supercritical pressure CFB boiler design.     

Development of a distributed-parameter model for the evaporation system in a supercritical W-shaped boiler

In this paper, a distributed parameter model of an evaporation system in a supercritical W-shaped once-through boiler is developed based on the 3-D temperature distribution. The mathematical model was formulated to predict the distributions of the heat flux and the metal-surface temperature while considering a non-uniform distribution of the surface heat transfer and the frictional resistance coefficient. The results show that the heat flux distribution on the front water wall has three high heat flux zones in the W-shaped boiler, and the peak of the heat transfer coefficient moves to the peak of the heat flux gradually with the increment of load at supercritical pressure. The maximum deviation of the metal temperature is nearly 94 °C for different loads. This distributed parameter model is fit for the in-situ operating status of the boiler, and it provides a reference for the heat transfer of a supercritical system.     

新一代超临界锅炉的技术分析

分析了新一代超临界和超超临界锅炉技术的主要特点。重点分析了水冷壁技术、启动系统、最新的燃烧技术、超临界锅炉受热面的金属材料以及消除热偏差的技术。     

某660MW超临界锅炉抽高温再热蒸汽加热一次风系统改造效果分析

通过介绍某660MW超临界锅炉抽高温再热蒸汽加热一次风系统改造,解决锅炉制粉系统干燥出力不足,一次风率偏高,主蒸汽温度偏低,水冷壁局部壁温超温等问题,对比改造前后锅炉运行数据,为以后存在相同问题的锅炉改造提供一定的依据。     

Mathematical modeling and thermal-hydraulic analysis of vertical water wall in an ultra supercritical boiler

Water wall design is a key issue for an ultra supercritical boiler. In order to increase the steam–water mixture turbulization and to prevent the burnout of tubes walls, vertical rifled tubes are applied in Yuhuan power plant boiler which is the first 1000 MW ultra supercritical boiler in China and began to operate in December 2006. Mathematical modeling and thermal-hydraulic analysis are key factors for the successful design and operation of water walls. The water wall system is treated in this paper as a network consisting of circuits, pressure grids and connecting tubes. The mathematical model for predicting the mass flux distribution and metal temperature in water wall is based on the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. An experiment on the heat transfer characteristics of vertical rifled tube was conducted with the aim to obtain the heat transfer performance and corresponding empirical correlations. The fitting computational formulas are applied in the mathematical model. The presented modeling method is more accurate than the conventional graphic method and can be applied to complex circuit structures. The mass flux distribution and the metal temperature in the water wall are calculated at 35%, 50% and 100% of the boiler maximum continuous rating (BMCR). The results show a good agreement with the plant data. The maximum relative difference between the calculated mass flux and the plant data is 9.7% at 50% BMCR load. The metal temperature difference in the tip of fins in lower circuit 8 is about 3–7 °C at 35% BMCR load. The results show that the vertical water wall in the ultra supercritical boiler of Yuhuan power plant can operate safely.     

兴能电厂600MW超临界锅炉运行与调整

叙述了山西兴能电厂二期600 MW超临界直流锅炉的运行调整方法,指出,锅炉汽温变化是运行调整的主要因素,提出了针对影响燃烧稳定性的调整措施。     

700℃超超临界塔式切圆燃烧锅炉水冷壁设计

对700℃超超临界塔式切圆燃烧锅炉的水冷壁进行设计,总体方案为下部炉膛采用螺旋管水冷壁,上部炉膛采用垂直管汽冷壁。以660 MW等级700℃塔式切圆燃烧锅炉为设计对象,确定了其水冷壁的结构参数、热力边界条件和热负荷分布曲线,并对其水动力进行了计算。根据管壁温度和鳍片温度计算结果,确定水冷壁材料为水冷壁管下部采用12Cr1MoVG材料,鳍片采用12Cr1MoV材料;水冷壁管上部采用SA213-T92材料,鳍片采用SA387-Gr91材料。     

超临界和超超临界锅炉水冷壁的优化设计

阐述了超临界和超超临界锅炉水冷壁的优化设计，主要包括：下辐射区水冷壁采用内螺纹管，降低质量流速，准确掌握超临界流体热物性，减小工质焓增，减小热偏差和壁温偏差，降低局部热负荷，提高安全裕度等综合性措施。最低直流负荷优化选择综合考虑启动系统成本和变负荷运行范围以及对负荷快速变化的跟踪性能，以适应机组调峰。对1000MW超超临界锅炉垂直管屏水冷壁的流动特性进行了理论分析，强调应高度重视运行煤质变化的影响并严格监控水质。图5表1参7