自适应模糊算法在光伏系统MPPT中的应用

针对光伏电池的非线性特性,介绍了最大功率点跟踪的原理,并详细分析了常规控制算法在光伏系统最大功率跟踪控制中的优缺点,提出将自适应模糊控制算法应用到光伏系统最大功率点跟踪的控制中,自适应模糊控制能快速响应外界环境的变化,在最大功率点无明显振荡现象.实验结果表明,该方法能使系统稳定工作在最大功率点,同时能对外界环境的变化做出快速反应.     

基于模型预测控制的MPPT控制策略

提出一种新的基于模型预测控制(MPC)的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)优化算法。该目标控制算法把基于电流的改进型电导增量法与模型预测控制算法相结合,完成对光伏阵列最大输出功率的快速跟踪。在算法执行过程中,通过建立系统性能指标函数,评价与估算出未来控制变量的动作,从而决定P-U曲线的跟踪方向。仿真结果表明:该控制策略有效地解决了传统电导增量法在外界环境激烈变化时所产生的误判现象,在提高系统稳定性的同时,大大地减少了最大功率点跟踪时间和系统的能量损耗。     

基于模糊控制的光伏发电系统MPPT

光伏电池的输出功率随外部环境和负载的变化而变化,为充分发挥光伏器件的效能,需采用最大功率点跟踪电路。根据最大功率点跟踪的基本原理及常用光伏发电系统控制的优缺点．提出了一种基于模糊控制,具有在线参数调整的自适应占空比扰动法。该方法在不干扰系统正常工作的情况下,能迅速地感知外界的环境变化。实验结果证明,该方法能够快速、准确地跟踪太阳能电池的最大功率点。     

基于变结构模糊控制的MPPT控制策略

为了充分提高光伏发电系统的效率,针对光伏电池成本高、转化效率低的问题,基于电导增量法和模糊控制技术,提出了一种最大功率点跟踪方法。该方法采用了非对称的输出隶属度函数和具有PID功能的变结构模糊控制,能快速响应外界环境变化,准确跟踪到光伏电池的最大功率点,且有效地减小了最大功率点处的输出波动。     

光伏发电MPPT的变论域自适应模糊控制

针对常规模糊控制器在光伏发电最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制中存在的功率波动、控制精度低和自适应性较差等问题,提出了一种基于变论域自适应模糊控制器的光伏发电MPPT控制,该控制器能根据光伏发电输出功率偏差的变化自动调整变量的论域,从而快速准确地跟踪光伏发电系统的最大功率点(MPP)。实验结果验证了该控制方法能有效实现光伏发电MPPT控制,提高了系统的效率和稳定性。     

基于fuzzy-PI双模控制的光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪仿真研究

为了提高太阳电池阵列的工作效率和整个光伏发电系统的稳定性,在光伏发电系统中需要对光伏电池的最大功率点进行跟踪。为了消除常规模糊跟踪算法在最大功率点附近出现的振荡问题,在分析光伏电池伏安特性的基础上,提出了fuzzy-PI双模控制策略,分析了该控制算法的原理,并对控制系统做了设计。Matlab/Simulink仿真表明fuzzy-PI双模控制能够快速、准确地跟踪最大功率点,避免了最大功率点处的振荡,提高了系统稳定性和能量转换效率,从而使整个双模控制兼有了MPPT精确性与快速性。     

一种环境变化下的高效率光伏组件最大功率点跟踪方法

为实现在环境变化下光伏组件高功率发电的目的,提出一种环境变化下的高效率光伏组件最大功率点跟踪方法。基于Lambert W函数实现光伏组件最大功率点提取,利用光强电压阈值设定法达到环境变化的自动识别,实现环境变化下光伏组件最大功率点跟踪目的。仿真及实验表明,该方法可在环境变化中有效跟踪光伏组件最大功率点,与扰动观察相比,发电效率提高了8.2%。     

基于混合逻辑动态的MPPT建模仿真

针对光伏阵列的输出特性,分析最大功率点跟踪的控制原理,通过建立混合逻辑动态模型,提出一种新的MPPT控制算法——基于混合逻辑动态的功率预测控制算法。与扰动观察法进行比较,仿真结果表明该算法不但可实现对最大功率点的跟踪,同时也可改善整个光伏系统的动态性能,保证最大功率点跟踪的精准性,实现整个系统控制的快速性,验证了该算法的优越性。     

基于改进量子粒子群算法的光伏多峰MPPT研究

针对光伏阵列在局部遮阴时呈现的功率多峰特性,提出一种改进DCWQPSO算法与INC算法相结合的光伏最大功率追踪(MPPT)控制算法。该算法采用改进DCWQPSO算法进行最大功率点的全局搜索,然后利用INC算法对最大功率点进行局部跟踪,可避免动态过程中功率的震荡。仿真结果表明:所提出的MPPT控制算法跟踪速度快、精度高、功率震荡小,可有效提升不确定环境下光伏发电系统的最大功率追踪效率和动态品质,并具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于改进扰动观察法的光伏电池最大功率跟踪

有效地提高光伏电池的利用率对光伏系统至关重要,为此建立了具有通用性的光伏电池工程实用模型及相应的Boost转换电路,采用改进的扰动观察法控制Boost电路占空比实现光伏电池最大功率跟踪(MPPT),阐述了其实现策略并进行仿真验证。结果表明,外界温度、光照变化条件下该方法可精确跟踪光伏电池的最大功率点,实现光伏电池的高效转换。     

基于电压预估法的光伏发电系统MPPT算法

光伏发电系统处于复杂光照条件下时,光伏电池阵列的输出特性呈多峰现象,致使传统的MPPT算法追踪结果可能停留在次优点。针对此问题,提出一种基于电压预估法的光伏发电系统MPPT算法,采用DMPPT电路结构的光伏阵列,通过研究其输出特性,得到复杂光照条件下光伏阵列最大功率点对应的工作电压最佳区域,并以该预估到的电压值为基础,设计了一种新型的MPPT控制算法。仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效避免光伏系统工作在次优点,提高了光伏发电的出力。     

光伏系统多峰值MPPT控制方法研究

实际光伏系统在被部分遮挡的情况下,带有旁路二极管的串联光伏组件呈现出多峰值的输出特性。为得到全局最大功率点,需要对其进行多峰值最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）。在单峰值MPPT控制算法的基础上,提出新的多峰值MPPT控制方法,能够通过4步,实现对最大功率点的有效跟踪。该算法的关键在于确定输出特性的谷值,以便进行定界和多区域搜索。最后通过仿真实例验证该算法的有效性。     

A Novel Auto-Scaling MPPT Algorithm based on Perturb and Observe Method for Photovoltaic Modules under Partial Shading Conditions

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is required in a solar photovoltaic (PV) system to deliver the maximum power to load from PV module. This paper proposes a novel stepped MPPT method to realize a simple MPPT controller, which can track the real maximum power point (RMPP) even under partial shading conditions. The proposed algorithm is started by scanning the characteristic curve of the PV modules to detect the global maximum power point and then the algorithm will be switched to the conventional P&O algorithm to track the true maximum power point. The obtained simulation results, using Power electronic simulation software (PSIM), are compared with those found using the P&O method to confirm the performance of our proposed MPPT method even under non-uniform solar irradiation.     

Maximum power point traking controller for PV systems using neural networks

This paper presents a development and implementation of a PC-based maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for PV system using neural networks (NN). The system consists of a PV module via a MPPT supplying a dc motor that drives an air fan. The control algorithm is developed to use the artificial NN for detecting the optimal operating point under different operating conditions, then the control action gives the driving signals to the MPPT. A PC is used for data acquisition, running the control algorithm, data storage, as well as data display and analysis. The system has been implemented and tested under various operating conditions.The experimental results showed that the PV system with MPPT always tracks the peak power point of the PV module under various operating conditions. The MPPT transmits about 97% of the actual maximum power generated by the PV module. The MPPT not only increases the power from the PV module to the load, but also maintains longer operating periods for the PV system. The air velocity and the air mass flow rate of the mechanical load are increased considerably, due to the increase of the PV system power. It is also found that, the increase in the output energy due to using the MPPT is about 45.2% for a clear sunny day.     

A study of a two stage maximum power point tracking control of a photovoltaic system under partially shaded insolation conditions

A photovoltaic (PV) array shows relatively low output power density, and has a greatly drooping current–voltage (I–V) characteristic. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is used to maximize the output power of the PV array. Many papers have been reported in relation to MPPT. However, the current–power (I–P) curve sometimes shows multi-local maximum point mode under non-uniform insolation conditions. The operating point of the PV system tends to converge to a local maximum output point which is not the real maximal output point on the I–P curve. Some papers have been also reported, trying to avoid this difficulty. However, most of those control systems become rather complicated. Then, the two stage MPPT control method is proposed in this paper to realize a relatively simple control system which can track the real maximum power point even under non-uniform insolation conditions. The feasibility of this control concept is confirmed for steady insolation as well as for rapidly changing insolation by simulation study using software PSIM and LabVIEW.     

A comprehensive simulator for assessing the reliability of a photovoltaic panel peak power tracking system

When designing a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, it is often difficult to correctly predict, before field testing, the behavior of this MPPT under varying solar irradiation on photovoltaic (PV) panels. A solution to this problem is to design a maximum power point trackers simulator of a PV system used to test MPPT algorithms. This simulator must have the same role as the MPPT card of the PV panel and thus will fully emulate the response of a real MPPT card of the PV panel. Therefore, it is a good substitute to help to test the peak power trackers of the PV system in the laboratory. This paper describes a simple peak power trackers simulator of the PV system which has a short response time thus, can be used to test MPPT algorithms under very rapid variation condition. The obtained results and the theoretical operation confirm the reliability and the superior performance of the proposed model.     

基于动态阻抗匹配和两步模型预测控制的最大功率点跟踪算法

为提高光伏阵列的能量利用率,提出了一种基于动态阻抗匹配(DIM)和两步模型预测控制(MPC)的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法,首先建立光伏状态空间方程,计算当前时刻光伏系统动态阻抗并预测下一时刻外部阻抗,然后定义成本函数构建两步模型预测控制器,预测开关管状态控制DC/DC电路内部阻抗接近外部阻抗,从而实现光伏发电系统快速和稳定地输出最大功率,并通过Matlab/Simulink软件建立仿真模型进行验证。结果表明,该算法可行、有效,且大幅提高了光伏系统最大功率跟踪的快速性和稳定性。     

Application of a combined particle swarm optimization and perturb and observe method for MPPT in PV systems under partial shading conditions

This paper explains the development of a new algorithm for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in large PV systems under partial shading conditions (PSC). The new algorithm combines the use of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for MPPT during the initial stages of tracking and then employs the traditional perturb and observe (PO) method at the final stages. The methodology has been first simulated in two different PV configurations under varying shading patterns and experimentally verified using a microcontroller based experimental system. The integration of swarm intelligence with PO algorithm is shown to yield faster convergence to the global maximum power point (GMPP) than when the two methods are individually used. The oscillations in the output power, voltage and current of the PV system with the proposed method are the least when compared to the ones obtained during PSO based MPPT.     

A Single-Stage Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System With Modified MPPT Method and Reactive Power Compensation

Single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems have advantages such as simple topology, high efficiency, etc. However, since all the control objectives such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), synchronization with the utility voltage, and harmonics reduction for output current need to be considered simultaneously, the complexity of the control scheme is much increased. This paper presents the implementation of a single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system. In addition to realize the aforementioned control objectives, the proposed control can also remarkably improve the stability of the MPPT method with a modified incremental conductance MPPT method. The reactive power compensation for local load is also realized, so as to alleviate grid burden. A DSP is employed to implement the proposed MPPT controller and reactive power compensation unit. Simulation and experimental results show the high stability and high efficiency of this single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system.     

基于Z源逆变器的离网光伏系统仿真设计

对于偏远或电网未覆盖的区域,设计优良的离网光伏系统可解决本地负载的供电问题。将高效Z源逆变器应用于离网光伏系统,提出了系统整体控制策略,在控制离网系统三相交流电压稳定的基础上,同时进行光伏系统最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）,额外能量为蓄电池组充电,实现了能源的有效利用。系统仿真结果表明,当交流负载阶跃变化时,系统输出交流电压及MPPT控制仍能快速恢复稳定,蓄电池充电电流也能自行调整,验证了该离网光伏系统的正确性与可行性。