竖直U型埋管地热换热器热短路现象的影响参数分析

通过引入换热器出口最高流体温度的概念,对地源热泵竖直U型埋管地热换热器的热短路现象进行了量化,基于竖直U型埋管周围的瞬时有限元模型,对影响热短路现象的主要参数(支管间距和回填料导热系数)进行了模拟分析,得出了量化结果。结果表明,增大支管间距可降低换热器出口最高流体温度,减小由热短路现象引起的热损失;回填料的导热系数对热短路现象的影响较大,当回填料导热系数小于周围土壤的导热系数时,增大回填料导热系数对减小热短路损失有较大作用,而当回填料导热系数大于土壤导热系数时则作用不大,推荐使用导热系数与周围土壤导热系数接近的回填材料。     

竖直U型地埋管换热器热短路抑制措施的分析

建立了单U型地埋管换热器三维瞬态数值分析模型,对抑制地埋管换热器“热短路”的各种措施进行了数值模拟.在不同载流体流速和回填料导热系数条件下,分别对隔热板式、保温套式地埋管换热器和未采取任何“热短路”抑制措施的普通地埋管换热器整体传热性能进行了研究,获得了不同“热短路”抑制措施对埋管换热器整体传热性能的影响规律;通过对影响埋管换热器整体传热性能“热短路”抑制措施的对比分析,并结合地埋管换热器实际工程运行环境,提出在工程实践中不必针对埋管换热器的”热短路”现象采取任何额外的抑制措施的建议.     

竖直埋管地热换热器钻孔内的传热分析

准三维模型为竖直埋管地热换热器的结构优化提供了较为精确的理论基础。利用准三维模型对竖直埋管地热换热器进行分析与研究得出，不同的行程布置对双U型埋管地热换热器的传热性能有较大影响。就钻孔内热阻的对比，双U型埋管比单U型埋管钻孔内的热阻低，因而双U型埋管地热换热器较单U型埋管地热换热器更为合理。     

竖直埋管地热换热器的设计

为优化地热换热器的设计，利用地源热泵换热器设计专用软件，结合实际工程，对竖直U型埋管地热换热器设计的不同方案作了比较，对主要影响因素进行了分析，从技术和经济两方面阐明了地热换热器设计时应考虑的主要因素及设计方法。     

竖直埋管地热换热器的设计

为优化地热换热器的设计，利用地源热泵地热换热器设计专用软件，结合实际工程，对竖直U型埋管地热换热器设计的不同方案作了比较，对主要影响因素进行了分析，从技术和经济两方面阐明了地热换热器设计时应考虑的主要因素及设计方法。     

地下层状结构土体中埋管换热器的传热分析

针对天津滨海新区100m内土体分层的特点,建立了U形管埋地换热器外部土层的分层稳态导热模型,并采用Eskilson理论模型对其温度分布进行了数值模拟分析.结果表明,由于该地区地下土层上下水平层传热性能由弱变强的规律,换热器管中的水温先是较为缓慢下降,然后经历了较快的下降过程,由此导致了深处较明显的"热短路".因此垂直方向各层土之间的热相互作用不能忽略,而且应在进水管和出水管之间采取防止"热短路"的措施,以提高埋地换热器的换热性能.     

竖直U型管地热换热器的准三维传热模型

在地热换热器原有研究工作的基础上，进一步考虑流体工质在钻孔深度方向上的温度分布，分析竖直埋管地热换热器钻孔内的传热过程，导出了竖直埋管地热换热器效能的解析式。由此，可以抛弃以往简化模型当中的不合理假设，为地热换热器的设计和模拟提供了更加精确合理的理论基础和计算方法。     

土壤源地热换热器的传热性能分析及优化设计研究

文中对垂直U型埋管土壤源地热换热器的传热性能进行了分析,并优化设计计算了不同负荷下地热换热器的长度.首先根据土壤源地热换热器的传热性能分析,在满足工程实践的基础上,选择了IGSHPA模型简化下的传热分析方法计算传热热阻;然后利用一维导热和线热源模型,得到流体至管道内壁的对流换热热阻,塑料管壁的导热热阻,钻孔内部的导热热...     

地源热泵系统施工技术

推广地源热泵技术对建筑供热和空调系统的节能有重要意义，经济合理地设置地热换热器是应用地源热泵技术的关键。重点介绍了竖直埋管地热换热器施工技术，特别对地热换热器的钻孔、下管和回填的技术要点和设备进行了详细阐述。     

地源热泵竖直埋管换热器的设计

本文论述了地源热泵竖直埋管换热器的设计方法,重点阐述了地热换热器各部分的设计要点,主要包括地热换热器设计中的类型选择、平面布置、埋管的管径与长度、埋管的连接方式、回填材料及循环液的选取等。     

Superposition method to investigate the thermal performance of heat sink with embedded heat pipes

This article utilizes the thermal performance experiment with superposition method to investigate the thermal performance of heat sinks with one and two pairs of embedded heat pipes. A heat sink with embedded heat pipes transfers the total heat capacity from the heat source to both the base plate and heat pipes, and then disperses heat into the surrounding air via the forced convection. The heat capacity carried by embedded heat pipes can be found using the thermal resistance analytical approach stated in this article. The results show that two and four heat pipes embedded in the base plate carry 36% and 48% of the total dissipated heat respectively; in addition, when the total heating power of the heat sink with two embedded heat pipes is 140 W, the total thermal resistance reaches its minimum value of 0.27 °C/W, while for the heat sink with four embedded heat pipes, when the total heating power is between 40 W and 240 W, the total thermal resistance is 0.24 °C/W, meaning that the thermal performance is better than that of heat sink with two embedded heat pipes.     

夹层封闭空间热盘管传热性能的研究

通过对封闭夹层空间内置加热盘管的传热性能的机理分析和数值模拟计算，讨论了夹层的结构及盘管供水的热力工况等因素对传热性能的影响，并进行了实验测试验证。结果表明，盘管夹层内由于对流和辐射的综合作用，传热效果比同条件下纯导热作用大得多，这种结构用于干式地板采暖，实现低品位供热技术上是完全可行的。     

A review of methods to evaluate borehole thermal resistances in geothermal heat-pump systems

In the design of a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system, the heat transfer from the fluid to the ground is influenced by the thermal borehole resistance between the fluid and the borehole surface and also by the interference resistance between the two (or four) pipes inside the borehole. Several authors have proposed empirical and theoretical relations to evaluate these resistances as well as methods to evaluate them experimentally. The paper compares the different approaches and proposes good practice to evaluate the resistances. The impact of the different approaches on the design of heat exchanger is also examined. Two-dimensional and fully three-dimensional numerical simulations are used to evaluate the different methods. A new method is also proposed to evaluate the borehole resistances from in situ tests.     

Experimental investigation of a novel heat pipe thermoelectric generator for waste heat recovery and electricity generation

Waste heat recovery helps reduce energy consumption, decreases carbon emissions, and enhances sustainable energy development. In China, energy-intensive industries dominate the industrial sector and have significant potential for waste heat recovery. We propose a novel waste heat recovery system assisted by a heat pipe and thermoelectric generator (TEG) namely, heat pipe TEG (HPTEG)，to simultaneously recover waste heat and achieve electricity generation. Moreover, the HPTEG provides a good approach to bridging the mismatch between energy supply and demand. Based on the technical reserve on high-temperature heat pipe manufacturing and TEG device integration, a laboratory-scale HPTEG prototype was established to investigate the coupling performances of the heat pipes and TEGs. Static energy conversion and passive thermal transport were achieved with the assistance of skutterudite TEGs and potassium heat pipes. Based on the HPTEG prototype, the heat transfer and the thermoelectric conversion performances were investigated. Potassium heat pipes exhibited excellent heat transfer performance with 95% thermal efficiency. The isothermality of such a heat pipe was excellent, and the heat pipe temperature gradient was within 15°C. The TEG's thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 7.5% and HPTEG's prototype system thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.2% were achieved. When the TEG hot surface temperature reached 625°C, the maximum electrical output power of the TEG peaked at 183.2 W, and the open-circuit voltage reached 42.2 V. The high performances of the HPTEG prototype demonstrated the potential of the HPTEG for use in engineering applications.     

Study on the design procedure for a multi-cool/heat tube system

The objective of this study is to contribute to widespread use of earth-to-air heat exchangers by proposing a design procedure. In this paper, it is discussed the design method when an earth-to-air heat exchanger system consists of multiple pipes with a close arrangement.A numerical model for this multi-cool/heat tube system was developed and it was verified by field measurements. With taking into account the thermal interference between tubes, the heat transfer performance was evaluated under various design conditions such as number of tubes, arrangement interval, air velocity and length, and soil properties. Based on these results, an estimation method for the heat transfer rate for the multi-cool/heat tube system is proposed.     

渗流对地下埋管换热器传热管间距的影响

为确定地下水渗流对土壤蓄冷与土壤耦合热泵集成系统中竖直地下管群换热器管间距的影响,本文基于热渗耦合作用下的数学模型,采用整体求解方法模拟了冬、夏季工况下管内流体、地下埋管换热器及周围土壤的温度场,分析了地下水渗流对其传热过程的影响。结果表明在冬夏工况下管间距宜不同,地下水运动对温度场的影响明显,而且地下水流速越高影响越大。     

热管技术在内燃机装置上的应用

热管用于内燃机废气余热利用具有体积小，重量轻，流阻低，不影响内燃机功率的优点。两相半开式重力热管和两相半开式热动力热管可提高安全性和经济性。热管气门是一种新结构。此外，热管与消声结构的结合可满足环保要求。     

Effective pipe-to-borehole thermal resistance for vertical ground heat exchangers

The effective pipe-to-borehole thermal resistance of a vertical ground heat exchanger is investigated numerically. An analysis is carried out to determine the dimensionless geometrical parameters affecting such resistance. The heat transfer rates between the U-shaped pipes and the borehole are determined numerically and compared with some well-known limiting analytical solutions. A best-fit correlation for the effective pipe-to-borehole thermal resistance is presented in dimensionless form. The results are compared against approximate analytical solutions that represent the U-shaped pipes as a single pipe of equivalent diameter and against experimental data available in the literature. It is found that the available models do not accurately represent the effective pipe-to-borehole thermal resistance.     

An experimental study on thermal management of concentrated photovoltaic cell using loop heat pipe and heat sink

One of the most critical innovations in the solar energy conversion is the use of concentrators for generating power from a smaller area of the cell. The thermal management has an exceptional role in the concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) cell, without which the operating temperature will increase owing to the thermal degradation. In the present study, a prototype of low CPV with single‐cell configuration using a Fresnel lens and a manual tracker with geometrical concentration ratio of up to 25 Suns is made. The performance of the CPV with passive cooling arrangements, such as heat sink and loop heat pipes (LHPs), is analyzed under real‐time outdoor conditions. The results obtained infer that the LHP‐based cooling system has brought down the average temperature rise above ambient to 37.8°C from 54.16°C and 72.6°C in the heat sink and bare CPV systems, respectively. Also, the LHP managed to reject the heat to the surrounding with an average thermal resistance of 1.005°C/W, which is the least when compared with the heat sink. Apart from the instabilities caused by the interference of clouds, the CPV with the LHP cooling system could generate 10% more power output than the one with a heat sink.     

低温环路热管综述

环路热管是以多孔毛细芯抽吸力为动力的相变传热设备,可根据实际应用改变结构形式,能在远距离传热的同时保持良好的均温性,并且可在微重力环境下运行。环路热管工作温区较广,按照其工作温区一般可分为高温环路热管(350 K以上)、常温环路热管(200～350 K)和低温环路热管(200 K以下)。为了满足深空探测的需要,低温环路热管广泛应用于航天设备温控系统中并表现出优异的性能。按照孔隙特征和结构形式将用于环路热管的毛细芯分为四种,简要阐述每种毛细芯制备和特点;综合分析了近年来低温环路热管技术主要理论和实验研究成果,将目前低温环路热管常见的工作温区分成五个部分,分析影响低温环路热管传热性能的因素,包括工质充装量、反重力高度、次蒸发器功率等。最后,提出优化措施以满足未来深空以及地面应用的需求。