二陈汤对高脂饮食大鼠血脂及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:观察化痰方(二陈汤)对高脂饮食大鼠血脂及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:30只健康成年雄性大鼠按照随机数字表法分为正常组、高脂组和化痰组各10只,正常组给予正常饲料喂养,高脂组和化痰组给予高脂饲料喂养14周,化痰组第11周起给予二陈汤灌胃4周。在第14周末进行葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT)和胰岛素耐量实验(ITT),14周后处死大鼠,检测并比较各组血脂TC、TG的含量及第14周各组大鼠OGTT结果和ITT结果。结果:与正常组比较,高脂组大鼠血清中的TC和TG含量均明显升高(P<0.01);与高脂组比较,化痰组大鼠血清中的TG含量明显降低(P<0.01),TC有所降低,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高脂组的空腹血糖明显高于正常组(P<0.05),而化痰组空腹血糖与正常组的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖负荷后,高脂组的各个时间点的血糖均明显高于正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而化痰组除了糖负荷后120 min的血糖明显高于正常组外(P<0.01),其余时间点与正常组的比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔注射胰岛素后,化痰组各时间点血糖下降幅度均明显高于高脂组,30 min时高脂组血糖降低18%,而化痰组大鼠降低26%。结论:二陈汤能够降低高脂饮食大鼠血脂的含量,改善胰岛素抵抗,值得在临床上推广使用。     

不同剂量六味地黄丸对妊娠期糖尿病模型大鼠脂糖代谢、脂联素及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:观察不同剂量六味地黄丸对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)模型大鼠脂糖代谢、脂联素及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:选用SPF级SD大鼠,采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法制备GDM大鼠模型,选取60只GDM模型大鼠随机分为4组,分别为六味地黄丸低剂量组、六味地黄丸高剂量组、GDM模型组、阳性对照组,每组均15只,另选取正常孕鼠15只作为正常对照组。六味地黄丸低剂量组、六味地黄丸高剂量组大鼠分别给予3 g·kg~(-1)、6 g·kg~(-1)的六味地黄丸混悬液灌胃,每日1次;GDM模型组、正常对照组大鼠则以等体积的生理盐水灌胃,每日1次;阳性对照组大鼠给予盐酸吡格列酮片0.05 g·kg~(-1)灌胃,每日1次。所有大鼠给药8周后停药备用。比较各组大鼠的总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数(insulin resistance index,HOMA-IR)、脂联素。结果:六味地黄丸高剂量组、六味地黄丸低剂量组的TC、LDL-C高于正常对照组,低于GDM模型组(P<0.05);六味地黄丸高剂量组、六味地黄丸低剂量组的TG低于GDM模型组,HDL-C高于GDM模型组(P<0.05)。六味地黄丸高剂量组、六味地黄丸低剂量组、阳性对照组的空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR高于正常对照组、低于GDM模型组(P<0.05),且六味地黄丸高剂量组、阳性对照组的空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR低于六味地黄丸低剂量组(P<0.05)。六味地黄丸高剂量组、六味地黄丸低剂量组的血清脂联素水平低于正常对照组,高于GDM模型组(P<0.05),且六味地黄丸高剂量组的血清脂联素水平高于六味地黄丸低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论:六味地黄丸对GDM模型大鼠有一定治疗作用,能够改善大鼠的糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗,提高血清脂联素水平。     

葛根玉杞干浸膏对糖尿病模型大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:观察葛根玉芪干浸膏对糖尿病大鼠模型胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:SD大鼠按体质量随机分为空白对照组,模型组,罗格列酮组,葛根玉杞干浸膏高剂量组,葛根玉杞干浸膏低剂量组。除空白组外,其余各组给予高脂饲料制备胰岛素抵抗模型,连续喂养8周,每周大鼠称体质量1次。造模4周后,罗格列酮组给予罗格列酮3 mg·(kg·d)-1,葛根玉杞干浸膏高剂量组和葛根玉杞干浸膏低剂量组分别给予葛根玉杞干浸膏0.408 g·(kg·d)-1、0.204 g·(kg·d)-1,其余各组给予等体积蒸馏水,连续4周。实验结束后,测定大鼠糖耐量,血清中GLU、INS、ISI、IRI、CHO、TG、LDL水平。结果:治疗后葛根玉芪提取物可明显改善IR大鼠糖耐量异常、提高胰岛素敏感性、降低胰岛素抵抗指数,且明显改善高脂诱导的IR大鼠脂质代谢紊乱。结论:葛根玉芪提取物能显著改善模型大鼠的胰岛素抵抗。     

咖啡及其成分胡芦巴碱对2型糖尿病大鼠的抗糖尿病作用

目的:探究咖啡及其主要成分胡芦巴碱对2型糖尿病大鼠的胰岛素敏感性、脂代谢、炎症反应以及脂联素水平等的影响。方法:以高脂高糖饲料喂养联合腹腔注射小剂量链脉佐菌素建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,所有大鼠随机分成四组:正常对照组、模型组、咖啡组和胡芦巴碱组。测定空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三醋(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)和脂联素(APN)等水平的变化。结果:咖啡和胡芦巴碱均可降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖和胰岛素水平,并显著提高胰岛素敏感性(P<0.05);胡芦巴碱可使TC和TG水平显著下降(P<0.05),HDL水平显著升高(P<0.05),而咖啡只能使TC水平降低(P<0.05);咖啡组IL-6水平显著下降(P<0.05),APN水平显著升高(P<0.05),而胡芦巴碱还能显著降低TNF-α水平。结论:咖啡和胡芦巴碱均可有效提高胰岛素敏感性,改善脂代谢紊乱,减轻炎症反应以及促进APN分泌。     

多形拟杆菌对大鼠血糖的影响

目的：探讨多形拟杆菌对大鼠血糖的影响。方法将46只 SD 大鼠按体质量的不同分为5组：普通饲料喂养组（A 组,n＝8）、高脂饲料喂养组（B 组,n＝8）、高脂饲料喂养＋多形拟杆菌菌液灌喂组（C 组,n＝8）、糖尿病模型组（D 组,n＝10）和糖尿病模型＋多形拟杆菌菌液灌喂组（E 组,n＝11）。A 组采用普通饲料喂养,B、C、D 和 E 4组采用40％脂肪和胰岛素抵抗诱导模型饲料,每只大鼠25 g·d^－1饲料喂养。适应性喂养4周后,隔夜空腹12 h,D、E 2组大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）溶液35 mg·kg^－1;A、B 和 C 3组大鼠腹腔注射0．1 mol·L^－1柠檬酸钠缓冲液。A、B 和 C 3组大鼠均造模成功,D 组死亡2只,E 组死亡3只。实验第1天开始,C、E 2组大鼠采用多形拟杆菌菌液灌胃,连续7 d;A、B 和 D 3组采用等量0．9％氯化钠注射液灌胃,连续7 d。5组大鼠第0—12周采用电子秤称体质量1次。第0、4、8和12周,使用全自动生化仪、采用己糖激酶法检测5组大鼠空腹血糖（FPG）水平,采用ELISA 法检测5组大鼠血清胰岛素水平,实时荧光定量 PCR 法测定5组大鼠肠道多形拟杆菌的数量。结果与A、B 2组比较,C 组大鼠第1—12周体质量均明显增加,D、E 2组大鼠第6—12周体质量均明显降低,C 组大鼠第8、12周 FPG 水平均显著升高,D、E 2组大鼠第4、8和12周 FPG 水平均显著升高,C、D 和 E 3组大鼠第4、8和12周血清胰岛素水平均显著升高、肠道多形拟杆菌的数量均显著增多（P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）。与 C 组比较,D、E 2组大鼠第1—12周体质量均明显降低,第4、8和12周 FPG 水平均显著升高、血清胰岛素水平均显著降低和肠道多形拟杆菌的数量均显著增多（P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）。与 D 组比较,E 组大鼠第6—12周体质量均明显增加,第4、8和12周 FPG 水平均显著升高、血清胰岛素水平均显?     

有氧运动对中年Ⅱ型糖尿病雌性大鼠的影响

目的:观察游泳运动对不同阶段Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌瘦素受体蛋白表达的影响,为Ⅱ型糖尿病的治疗提供理论依据。方法:雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组,第9周初对糖尿病治疗组进行小剂量STZ注射,引发Ⅱ型糖尿病,并开始对糖尿病治疗运动组进行为期8周的游泳运动。在第16周末取材对骨骼肌瘦素受体蛋白含量、胰岛素、血糖、体重等指标进行测定。结果:糖尿病治疗对照组骨骼肌瘦素受体蛋白含量下降(P<0.05),空腹胰岛素、血糖均升高(P<0.01);游泳运动后,治疗糖尿病运动组骨骼肌瘦素受体蛋白含量升高(P<0.05);空腹胰岛素和血糖均下降(P<0.05)。结论:小剂量STZ和高脂膳食共同作用可成功诱导Ⅱ型糖尿病的发生,机体出现胰岛素抵抗伴有瘦素抵抗;有氧运动使大鼠体内骨骼肌瘦素受体蛋白含量增加,瘦素敏感性升高,改善Ⅱ型糖尿病的胰岛素抵抗和瘦素抵抗,对Ⅱ型糖尿病起到一定的治疗作用。     

人参皂苷Rg1对2型糖尿病大鼠模型血糖调控作用

目的:探讨人参皂苷(Rg1)对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖的调控作用。方法:选取SD雄性大鼠120只,体重(200±20)g,采用高糖高脂高盐饮食和链脲佐菌素结合的方法建立大鼠2型糖尿病模型;实验设对照组、模型组、盐酸吡格列酮组,人参皂苷(Rg1)高低剂量组;血糖仪测定血糖浓度,ELISA测定胰岛素含量;结果:给予高糖高脂喂养和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)造模后,造模动物血糖浓度、胰岛素含量显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01);给药6周治疗后,吡格列酮组血糖浓度、胰岛素含量显著低于模型组(P<0.05);与模型对照组比较,给药6周治疗后人参皂苷(Rg1)低、中、高剂量组血糖浓度、胰岛素含量呈现不同程度降低,其中人参皂苷(Rg1)高剂量组、人参皂苷(Rg1)中剂量组血糖浓度、胰岛素含量明显低于模型组(P<0.05),并且人参皂苷(Rg1)高剂量组、人参皂苷(Rg1)中剂量组动物体征基本正常,体重增长明显快于模型组。结论:人参皂苷(Rg1)对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖浓度和胰岛素含量均有调节作用。     

半夏泻心汤对糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:分析半夏泻心汤对改善糖尿病大鼠血糖水平以及胰岛素抵抗的作用,以期为糖尿病的治疗提供新方案。方法:选取Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,二甲双胍组,半夏泻心汤高剂量组、中剂量组及低剂量组。除正常对照组外,其余各组均给予高脂高糖饮食及链尿佐菌素以建立糖尿病模型,并分别给予生理盐水、二甲双胍和不同剂量半夏泻心汤灌胃1周。分别于实验前后检测各组大鼠空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)和胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(insulinresistance index,IRI)。结果:实验前各组大鼠FPG和IRI均无显著差异(P>0.05)。实验结束时,正常对照组,模型对照组,二甲双胍组,半夏泻心汤高剂量组、中剂量组及低剂量组FPG分别为(4.4±0.3)mmol·L~(-1)、(21.2±3.4)mmol·L~(-1)、(12.4±4.2)mmol·L~(-1)、(11.8±3.5)mmol·L~(-1)、(15.7±3.4)mmol·L~(-1)及(19.8±3.7)mmol·L~(-1);而IRI分别为(1.1±0.1)、(5.3±0.3)、(3.1±0.2)、(3.2±0.4)、(4.7±0.3)、(5.0±0.3)。高剂量组大鼠FPG和IRI与二甲双胍组比较,无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),低于其余各组(P<0.05)。结论:半夏泻心汤可有效降低糖尿病大鼠血糖水平,改善胰岛素抵抗状态。     

苯扎贝特对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛B细胞半胱天冬蛋白酶-3表达的影响

目的观察苯扎贝特对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛B细胞半胱天冬蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）表达的影响,探讨其对胰岛B细胞保护的作用机制。方法将46只SD大鼠给予高糖、高脂饲料喂养8周。然后按30 mg·kg^-1剂量腹腔注射0.5%链脲佐菌素（STZ）溶液,建立SD大鼠2型糖尿病模型。总共28只糖尿病大鼠模型建立成功。随即将28只2型糖尿病大鼠按随机数字表法分为2组：糖尿病组（DM组）和糖尿病＋苯扎贝特干预组（DMB组）,每组14只。另取14只SD大鼠作为正常对照组（NC组）。DMB组给予苯扎贝特50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃,DM组和NC组给予相应容量的蒸馏水灌胃。3组连续灌胃12周。分别测定药物干预前后血清三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）等指标。干预12周后,处死各组大鼠,采用TUNEL法检测各组大鼠胰岛B细胞凋亡,免疫组化SP法观察胰岛B细胞caspase-3的表达。结果①经苯扎贝特干预后,DMB组大鼠血清TG、TC、FBG水平均较干预前明显下降（均P〈0.05）,而血清FINS水平则较干预前升高（P〈0.05）。②与DM组比较,DMB组大鼠胰岛B细胞凋亡率、胰岛B细胞Caspase-3阳性表达率均明显下降（均P〈0.05）。结论苯扎贝特可下调2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛中Caspase-3表达,发挥抗脂毒性凋亡的作用,从而保护胰岛B细胞功能。     

益糖康对糖尿病心肌病模型大鼠心肌及心功能的影响

目的:观察益糖康对糖尿病心肌病模型大鼠心肌及心功能的影响。方法:STZ腹腔注射加高脂饲料喂养制作糖尿病心肌病模型大鼠,按血糖随机分为模型组、中药组、西药组。中药组给予益糖康煎剂(剂量21 g·kg~(-1))灌胃6周。通过超声心动图检测各组大鼠心脏结构及功能情况,结合血糖水平,判断为糖尿病心肌病模型大鼠造模成功。大鼠予以100 g·L~(-1)水合氯醛腹腔注射进行麻醉,腹主动脉取血,存放于抗凝管中。解剖大鼠,取大鼠心肌组织并检测。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、胰岛素水平均显著增高(P <0. 01),心率减慢,舒张期、收缩期左室内径增加,收缩期左室后壁厚度降低,A峰E峰流速比值(E/A),短轴缩短率,射血分数都不同程度降低(P <0. 01);与模型组比较,中药组大鼠空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、胰岛素水平均明显降低(P <0. 01),心肌病变明显改善(P <0. 01)。结论:益糖康可改善糖尿病心肌病模型大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱,并具有改善糖尿病心肌病模型大鼠心功能的作用。     

浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

新时期广东城市化的新特点

新时期广东城市化出现以下特点:知识源导向、城市由单体向群体化发展、产业集群推动、政府主导自上而下的集约化发展、城镇化向城市化转变、由重“数量”发展向重“质量”发展的转变。     

在市场中实践在实践中学习在学习中进步--工程公司市场化进程的回顾与展望

近两年来，工程公司在提高市场竞争意识、推动市场化进程中做了大量工作，其中坚持走出去的方针是我们自我加压、推行加快市场化步伐的一个重要战略步骤。     

新形势下高校强化基建财务管理的探讨

在市场条件下高校基建财务人员在加强日常财务管理的同时,必须树立起高度的工作责任心,抓好事前监督、事中监督、事后监督三个环节,全面理解、贯彻执行《高等学校财务制度》,管好用好各项基本建设资金,提高基建财务管理水平,更好地完成高校各项基建任务,以有限的投资,最快的建设速度,获得最大的投资效益。     

Experiences in radon-safe building in Finland

A study was made of radon-safe buildings in 300 Finnish low-rise residential buildings using data obtained from a questionnaire study. The study also aims at finding the main defects in design and implementation and how the guidance given on radon-safe buildings in slab-on-grade houses has been followed. According to the guidelines, the prevention of the flow of radon-bearing air from the soil into the house is recommended to be carried out through installation of aluminised bitumen felt and use of elastic sealants. Second, as a precaution perforated piping should be installed in the subsoil of the floor slab. The median indoor radon concentration in the houses was 155 Bq/m3. This is 32% lower than the median of the estimated reference values. The action level of 200 Bq/m3 was still exceeded in 40% of the houses. In most houses with slab-on-grade the prevention was based only on the installation of a sub-slab depressurisation system. Sealing was performed in a low number of houses. In 80% of houses with a sub-slab piping connected to an operating fan, radon concentration was below the action level of 200 Bq/m3. In houses with piping but no fan, the corresponding fraction was only 45%. Sub-slab piping without a fan had no remarkable effect on radon concentration. In houses with crawl-space and edge-thickened slabs, radon concentrations were low. The choice of foundation system thus significantly affects the indoor radon concentration. The importance of complete and careful sealing work should be stressed in advice and guides concerning radon prevention.     

2008年日本火灾情况

<正>1火灾总数在2008年(1～12月),日本发生的火灾总数为52 394起,与2007年相比减少了2 188起(4.0%)。这相当于平均1天大约发生143起火灾,每10min发生一起火灾。火灾类别(见表1)。     

Variation in property taxation in Tulsa

Conclusions It may be reasonably concluded from this study that the range of variation in these ratios of assessed to actual value are of a reasonable size for the great majority of cases. The frequency distribution of these sample ratios was not normal, however, as was assumed a process of this type would produce. On the other hand, the failure of the regression analysis to identify any significant variables which would explain these variations would tend to re-enforce the assumption that the fluctuations were indeed of a random nature.To sum it up in one paragraph, aside from a few extreme cases, the assessing process appears to give estimates which are more consistent than would be expected under the assumption that any errors would be of a random nature, but the regression analysis was unable to isolate any particular socioeconomic characteristics which would explain the variation which was present.Financial support for this research project was furnished by the University of Tulsa.     

谈城市历史保护规划的误区

由于缺乏起码的历史文化知识,忽视历史文化遗产的保护,错误的决策导致了建设性的破坏,要加强城市保护的教育,培养合格人才。