谈城市色彩规划设计

城市色彩规划设计是城市设计的有机组成部分。借鉴国内外关于城市色彩规划的经验,阐述了城市色彩规划设计的作用,总结了城市色彩规划设计的策略,以提出城市色彩规划设计的思路与引导手段,完成城市设计与城市色彩规划设计的逻辑搭接。     

住宅的建筑设计与规划设计

阐述了未来住宅建筑的规划与设计要求,环境的规划设计,以及小区功能性设计,并提出了住宅生态文化规划设计。     

民用建筑场地规划设计研究

近年来,我国民用建筑的数量一直处于持续增长的状态,对于民用建筑场地的规划设计十分重要。介绍了场地规划设计的含义及特性,场地规划设计的内容包括场地设计条件分析、场地总体布局、场地交通组织、场地竖向设计、场地管线综合布置、场地绿化与环境景观布置、技术经济分析。对民用建筑场地规划设计中存在的各类问题,在建筑布局、道路设计、竖向设计、管线设计、绿化及景观设计方面提出措施,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

高层建筑规划设计要点

城市发展速度的提升,使得人口增多与用地面积紧缩之间的矛盾不断加剧,为了缓解此矛盾,越来越多的建筑项目为高层建筑。在实际应用过程中,高层建筑在空间融合时,存在一定问题,在规划设计过程中,设计师应对方案内容进行不断的优化与完善,以提升高层建筑的规划设计水平,基于此,围绕高层建筑规划设计展开讨论,概述了高层建筑规划设计的内容,分析了设计的原则及问题,最后给出了规划设计的要点。     

大学城规划设计探索

通过对校园规划的特色分析，从大学城规划设计难点、设计要求、发展趋势等方面进行分析与探索，总结出大学城规划的主要设计原则与理念，为大学城的规划设计提供参考。     

动物园规划设计概述

作为城市公园系统里的专类公园,动物园既有与植物园、综合性公园等城市绿地的共性,也有其特殊性,其规划设计是涉及规划、园林、建筑、动物学、生态学等多学科交叉的复杂工作。以规划设计与动物生活习性相结合为重点,从总体到局部的设计程序较为系统地分述了动物园的展览方式与场地规划、场馆类型与设计及专业设计师的工作内容。最后,结合动物园的发展现状,综述了动物园规划设计的方法与要点,并展望未来动物园的发展趋势。     

义乌工商学院规划设计分析

从设计理念、总体布局、单体建筑形态、绿化景观等方面论述了山水校园规划设计的新概念,并通过义乌工商职业技术学院校园规划设计实践与探讨,印证和丰富了这一理念,对类似校园的规划设计具有借鉴与参考价值.     

浙江省永嘉县规划设计研究院

永嘉县规划设计研究院成立于1990年,原名永嘉县规划设计室,2000年撤室建院,是经浙江省建设厅批准的具有乙级设计资质的综合城市规划设计单位。永嘉县规划设计研究院下设规划设计所、建筑设计所、市政设计所。现有专职技术人员34人,高级专业技术人员5名,中级专业技术人员20名。近十年来,共有20余项规划设计项目在省、市规划设计竞赛中分别荣获一、二、三等奖和优秀奖,并有多篇论文在国家、省级刊物发表。并多次与上海同济大学规划设计院、上海市政院、深圳建筑设计总院等国内知名设计机构进行合作交流。坚持精心设计、优质服务的质量方针,努…     

规划设计课教学改革探讨

规划设计课是城市规划专业的核心课程，它包括园林绿地设计，居住小区规划设计，场地竖向设计，广场设计、控制性详细规划设计等。章分析了规划设计课教学吸面临的问题，提出了改革建议。     

规划设计委托制度的变革与创新——规划设计竞争制度的建立

当前的规划设计委托制度如何适应于越来越开放和激烈的市场,如何找到设计质量和设计成本的结合点,又如何与国际规范接轨,体现规划设计的公开性和参与性,是众多政府的规划管理部门所思考的问题,作者尝试对规划委托制度中的规划设计竞争制度做一探讨。     

Driving forces and status of automation and robotics in construction in Europe

Automation and robotics in Europe are concentrated on concrete and asphalt mixing, concrete block and pipe making, precast concrete units and masonry prefabrication, control of mobile construction machinery, tunnelling, and renewing of buildings and sewers. The development has been going at a slow pace, because not all prerequisites to the introduction of these new technologies are fulfilled in the construction industry. Limited need for construction works on one hand, and shortage of skilled workers as well as new demands and tasks on the other hand stimulate the development—performed by manufacturers, construction companies, universities and institutes—in different ways. However, a survey around a lot of European specialists allows to draw a uniform picture of the driving forces and the current status of research, development, and usage of automation and robotics in construction (ARC).     

Pools and fluxes of mercury and methylmercury in two forested catchments in Germany

Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+) are global pollutants, but little information is available on rates of atmospheric input, distribution and mobility in soils and catchments of central Europe. The objectives of this study were to investigate input and output fluxes of these compounds in a deciduous and a coniferous catchment in NE Bavaria (Germany), and to estimate pools and mobility of total Hg (Hgtot) and CH3Hg+ at the catchment scale. Bulk precipitation, throughfall, litterfall and runoff were collected biweekly from April 1998 to April 1999. Several soil profiles were sampled to estimate pools of Hg compounds in the catchments. In both catchments highest contents of Hgtot were found in the Oa layer of the forest floor (up to 500 ng g(-1)) and the soil storage of Hgtot calculated for a soil depth of 60 cm was approximately 890 g ha(-1) in the coniferous and 190 g ha(-1) in the deciduous catchment. Highest contents of CH3Hg+ in upland soils were observed in the Oi layer of the forest floor, and soil storage of CH3Hg+ was 4.35 g ha(-1) in the coniferous and 0.59 g ha(-1) in the deciduous catchment. The annual total deposition of Hgtot (total deposition not measured directly but calculated from throughfall and litterfall) was 541 mg ha(-1) year(-1) in the coniferous and 618 mg ha(-1) year(-1) in the deciduous catchment. Total deposition rates of CH3Hg+ were 3.5 and 2.6 mg ha(-1) year(-1). The contribution of litterfall to the total deposition of Hgtot and CH3Hg+ was 55% in the deciduous catchment. In the coniferous catchment, the contribution of litterfall to total deposition was only 29% for Hgtot, but 55% for CH3Hg+. By far the largest proportion of the deposited CH3Hg+ and Hgtot remained in the catchments (85% in the coniferous, 95% in the deciduous). As compared to remote Swedish catchments, deposition and output via runoff of Hgtot, were higher, but deposition and output of CH3Hg+ were lower in our catchments. In contrast to other studies, the annual budget revealed no differences in the mobility between the two species at the catchment scale. However, temporal patterns of the runoff fluxes and converse gradients of CH3Hg+ and Hgtot contents in the forest floor indicated differences in mobility on shorter time scales.     

武汉城市景观文化生态保护建设的问题与对策

城市文化生态是形成城市特色的文化要素。历史古迹,优秀建筑,空间形态,环境特色,作为城市文化生态的显现部分,既是城市文化底蕴直观生动的反映,也是市民的情感港湾和精神家园。理应得到珍惜和保护。该文在系统地概括武汉景观文化生态特点的基础上,重点分析了当前武汉城市景观规划建设中的文化生态问题,提出了武汉今后改进城市景观文化生态规划建设的对策建议。     

青岛市区春、夏季生物气溶胶浓度分布及特征

空气微生物具有重要的生态功能,并且与环境空气质量、空气污染和人体健康密切相关.为了解青岛市空气微生物分布特征和影响因素,采用SAS ISO100空气浮游菌采样仪和Andersen FA-I型6级空气微生物取样器采集空气微生物样品,分析青岛市区街道春季和夏季空气细菌和空气真菌浓度、气溶胶粒径分布以及环境因子对空气微生物浓度的影响.结果表明,青岛市区春季空气细菌和空气真菌浓度分别为596.6、797.4cfu/m3,夏季分别为280.9、250.9cfu/m3;空气细菌气溶胶粒径呈偏态分布,空气真菌气溶胶粒径呈对数正态分布;春季空气细菌、空气真菌气溶胶中值直径分别为4.6和2.2μm,夏季分别为4.1和1.9μm,空气细菌气溶胶中值直径大于空气真菌.     

苏丹大坝勘察岩体压水试验存在问题浅析及试验成果分析研究

在大坝地质勘察中,压水试验是检测岩体渗透性的关键实验。随着科技的发展,利用电脑和人工智能仪器进行压水试验的新方法日益成熟。本文通过介绍新型压水试验仪器,理论计算和操作过程中存在的问题及解决方法,同时结合苏丹Dagash大坝032号钻孔岩体的压水试验结果,分析研究了吕荣值和岩体完整度之间的关系,总结了利用吕荣值判断岩体裂隙发育情况的经验,为类似工程提供一定的参考。     

Occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals in raw and treated sewages and in receiving waters

The occurrence of five acidic pharmaceuticals, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and bezafibrate, in seven different sewage treatment plants (STP) and three receiving waters were determined. The analytical procedure included solid phase extraction, liquid chromatographic separation and detection by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The studied pharmaceuticals were found in all the STPs. The pattern of the occurrence of individual compounds was the same in every STP and matched the consumption figures reported in the literature. Ibuprofen is the most used pharmaceutical in Finland and was accordingly found to be the most abundant compound in the raw sewage. In the treatment processes, the highest removal rate was observed for ibuprofen and the lowest for diclofenac, 92%+/-8% and 26%+/-17%, respectively. Due to the incomplete removal in the STPs, the pharmaceuticals were found in rivers at the discharge points of the STP effluents. Downstream from the discharge points, the concentrations decreased significantly mainly due to dilution in the river water. The risk to the aquatic environment was estimated by a ratio of measured environmental concentration (MEC) and predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). At the concentrations the compounds were found in the surface waters, they should not pose risk for the aquatic environment. However, at dry seasons and/or during malfunctions of STPs, ibuprofen could be associated with a risk in small river systems.     

普通高校BIM课程设置问题综述与分析

BIM技术的推广应用受到工程领域的广泛关注,但在BIM教学上,各高校的课程设置侧重点和教学策略仍存在差别。通过设计问题框架,从课程设置目的、教学内容、教学方法、效果评价及具体解决路径等角度,对文献中阐述的BIM课程设置进行详细分析。尽管目前已形成针对不同专业背景的BIM课程设置体系和专业课程改革方法,但对BIM课程设置和教学细节问题的阐述尚不全面。结合相关文献,总结地方高校BIM课程设置和教学中存在的若干具体问题,为地方高校BIM课程设置提供一种新的参考。     

浅析GIS在小城镇防灾减灾规划中的应用

指出小城镇是区域发展的重要力量,其防灾减灾能力不可忽视,针对小城镇防灾减灾的特点和规划编制要求,对如何应用地理信息系统在用地评估、规划选址、空间布局等方面支持小城镇防灾减灾规划提出了见解。     

Accumulation of cadmium in livers and kidneys in Greenlanders

In the Arctic, the traditional diet exposes its people to a very high intake of cadmium because it is highly concentrated in the liver and kidneys of commonly eaten marine mammals. In one study in Greenland, the cadmium intake was estimated to 182 microg/day/person in the fall and 346 in the spring. To determine whether the cadmium is accumulated in humans, we analyzed autopsy samples of liver and kidneys from 95 ethnic Greenlanders (aged 19-89) who died from a wide range of causes. The cadmium concentration in liver (overall mean 1.97 microg/g wet wt) appeared to be unrelated to any particular age group, whereas the concentrations in the kidneys peaked in Greenlanders between 40 and 50 years of age (peak concentration 22.3 microg/g wet wt). Despite the high cadmium levels in the typical Greenlander diet, we found that the cadmium concentrations in livers and kidneys were comparable to those reported from Denmark, Sweden, Australia and Great Britain. Furthermore, even though the mean cadmium intake from the diet was estimated to be 13-25 times higher in Greenlanders than in Danes, we found similar cadmium levels in the kidneys of both. Seal livers and kidneys are the main source of cadmium in the diet of Greenlanders, but these tissues are not eaten in Denmark. Thus, our results suggest that the accumulation of cadmium from Greenlander's marine diet is very low.     

分时分温控制在高校供暖节能中的应用

针对高校能耗状况,分析了高校供热采暖系统的运行特点,发现采用分时分温自动控制技术可以充分挖掘高校供暖节能潜力。阐述了分时分温自动控制系统的节能原理,并在供热采暖系统中的得到实际应用。在寒假、平时、初寒期和末寒期4个不同时段,借助分时分温自动控制系统,取得了比较可观的节能效果。通过一个供暖季的运行,取得了较好的经济效益和环境效益,节约供热支出100余万元,当年收回了投资成本,同时,有效减少了CO_2、SO_2、氮氧化物等大气污染物的排放。