北方地区污泥厌氧消化工艺应用现状分析

通过对我国北方地区108座大型污水处理厂污泥处理工艺的调研,总结了污泥厌氧消化工艺在我国北方大型污水处理厂的应用现状.结果显示,在108座污水处理厂中,共有27座采用厌氧消化工艺,其中具有代表性的9座污水厂中仅有3座正常运行.针对采用污泥厌氧消化工艺的污水处理厂,分别从工艺类型、污泥泥质、消化池池型、污泥搅拌系统、沼气利用以及系统运行管理等方面对污泥厌氧消化系统的运行状况进行了对比分析,探讨了污泥厌氧消化工艺在我国北方大型城市污水处理厂应用中存在的主要问题,并指出了解决方向.     

利用太阳能的两相法污泥厌氧消化技术

本文论证了在城市生活污水处理厂中，利用各种污水处理池面所能收集的太阳能热量，采用两相法污泥厌氧消化技术，对污水处理过程中产生的污泥进行消化处理的可能性。     

上海白龙港片区污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术探讨

上海白龙港片区污水处理厂的污泥量高达1 895~2 775 t/d(含水率为80%的脱水污泥),而现状的污泥处理设施仅有各厂的浓缩脱水设施及白龙港污水处理厂的消化干化处理设施。污水处理过程中产生的大量脱水污泥至今仍长距离运送至老港生活垃圾填埋场进行填埋处置,而污泥填埋过程中产生的渗滤液仍需通过长距离管道输送回白龙港污水处理厂进行处理。为此提出了在白龙港污水处理厂内采用高级厌氧消化和干化焚烧的集成工艺,以实现片区内污泥的全规划、全泥量、全系统、全过程和全循环的处理处置,可使工程建设成为具有国际水准的污泥综合处理中心。     

城市污泥建材化的相关测试及研究

对杭州四堡污水处理厂的陈污泥、消化污泥以及七格污水处理厂的未消化污泥的热值、热失重、焙烧后的化学成分等进行了测试，并进行了不加助熔剂和添加助熔剂的两种焙烧试验，结果显示污泥具有建材化利用的价值。     

青岛麦岛污水处理厂污泥消化及热电联产运行管理经验

污泥厌氧消化/热电联产是一项重要节能工艺技术,对于提高资源和能源利用效率意义重大。完善的管理是保证污泥消化及热电联产系统稳定高效运行的关键环节。麦岛污水处理厂将Multiflo~?Trio初沉污泥与生物滤池剩余污泥进行混合,形成沼气产率较高的混合污泥,并进行中温厌氧消化,所产沼气进入热电联产系统用于发电及沼气锅炉,回收余热作为污泥消化及厂区采暖热源。10余年来,麦岛污水处理厂的污泥消化及热电联产系统实现了安全、稳定、高效的运行,保证了污泥的资源化、减量化、无害化处理及利用。介绍了青岛麦岛污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化及热电联产的运行情况,探讨如何在污泥消化及热电联产间做好运行管理和调控,使之形成良性循环。     

污泥消化池设计中几个问题的探讨

我国污泥消化处理尚未普及，有关研究、实践的经验也不多。通过对天津东郊污水处理厂污泥消化池的工艺设计，探讨了污泥投配、污泥加热、沼气搅拌等设计中的几个关键问题。     

海泊河污水处理厂沼气能源在生活炉灶中的应用

介绍了青岛海泊河污水处理厂污泥消化过程中产生沼气的成分以及此沼气在生活炉灶应用的情况     

污水处理厂污泥消化系统设计及运行

介绍了郑州和天津的2座污水处理厂污泥消化系统(包括设计污泥量及含水率、污泥投配系统、消化池型及参数选择、搅拌系统、沼气系统、热水循环系统)的设计。对其中郑州某污水处理厂的运行情况进行分析,总结其存在的问题及从中应吸取的经验。可供污水处理厂污泥消化系统的设计参考。     

小资料

污水处理厂的污泥处理和处置是污水厂操作运转过程中很重要的部分,污泥厌氧消化池和好氧消化池的有关操作运转经验分述如下:     

剩余污泥的好氧消化设计

介绍了某工程剩余污泥的好氧消化设计，实际的运行情况表明，对于小型污水处理厂（站）的污泥采用好氧消化处理是行之有效的。     

用厌氧产氢反应器出水培养好氧颗粒污泥的研究

以厌氧产氢反应器出水为底物，在序批式反应器中研究了好氧颗粒污泥的培养过程。结果表明，以厌氧产氢反应器出水为底物，在60d内能够培养出粒径大、沉降性能优异且对污染物去除能力强的好氧颗粒污泥。在活性污泥的颗粒化过程中，伴随着污泥体积指数的减小。污泥的粒径和沉速增大，反应器内的污泥浓度增加，从而提高了反应器的处理效能。     

啤酒污泥用作城市污水厂种泥的试验研究

为考察啤酒厂污水处理站的脱水污泥（简称啤酒污泥）用作城市污水厂接种污泥的可行性，摸索污泥的培养与驯化规律，采用连续操作、全流量同步培养和驯化方法，在处理能力为500m^2／d的UNITANK池中对啤酒污泥进行了培养和驯化。试验结果表明，啤酒污泥完全可以作为城市污水处理厂的接种污泥使用，而且培养时间短，出水水质好。曝气0．5h、厌氧搅拌1h时，活性污泥增长最快。将DO控制在2mg／L左右有利于活性污泥的增长；当DO长时间在7mg／L以上时，污泥浓度下降趋势明显。污泥浓度达到2000mg／L所需的培养驯化时间仅为5d；使出水水质达到一级B标准所需的培养时间约为6d。这种培养、驯化方法和经验可为其他城市污水处理厂的建设和运行提供参考。     

合成与实际污水中聚磷菌厌氧代谢研究

以实际生活污水为进水，在实验室对连续流A／O除磷系统进行了聚磷菌的驯化与培养，当系统对磷的去除率稳定在95％以上时利用烧杯批式试验考察了合成污水与实际污水中聚磷菌的厌氧代谢过程，并基于生物除磷的Mumleitner代谢模型，根据试验数据推求了表征聚磷菌厌氧代谢特性的化学计量参数及反应速率。结果表明，合成污水与实际污水中聚磷菌厌氧代谢过程生成的聚β羟基链烷酸的成分及反应速率存在显著差异，研究结果对采用活性污泥数学模型准确模拟实际污水中的生物除磷过程具有一定的参考价值。     

Investigation of the sludge reduction mechanism in the anaerobic side-stream reactor process using several control biological wastewater treatment processes

To investigate the mechanism of sludge reduction in the anaerobic side-stream reactor (SSR) process, activated sludge with five different sludge reduction schemes were studied side-by-side in the laboratory. These are activated sludge with: 1) aerobic SSR, 2) anaerobic SSR, 3) aerobic digester, 4) anaerobic digester, and 5) no sludge wastage. The system with anaerobic SSR (system #2) was the focus of this study and four other systems served as control processes with different functions and purposes. Both mathematical and experimental approaches were made to determine solids retention time (SRT) and sludge yield for the anaerobic SSR process. The results showed that the anaerobic SSR process produced the lowest solids generation, indicating that sludge organic fractions degraded in this system are larger than other systems that possess only aerobic or anaerobic mode. Among three systems that involved long SRT (system #1, #2, and #5), it was only system #2 that showed stable sludge settling and effluent quality, indicating that efficient sludge reduction in this process occurred along with continuous generation of normal sludge flocs. This observation was further supported by batch anaerobic and aerobic digestion data. Batch digestion on sludges collected after 109 days of operation clearly demonstrated that both anaerobically and aerobically digestible materials were removed in activated sludge with anaerobic SSR. In contrast, sludge reduction in the aerobic SSR process or no wastage system was achieved by removal of mainly aerobically digestible materials. All these results led us to conclude that repeating sludge under both feast/fasting and anaerobic/aerobic conditions (i.e., activated sludge with anaerobic SSR) is necessary to achieve the highest biological solids reduction with normal wastewater treatment performance.     

产甲烷UASB中颗粒污泥的快速培养及特性研究

在两相厌氧反应器的基础上,进行了产甲烷UASB中颗粒污泥的快速培养及特性研究.采用低负荷启动方式,通过快速提高进水COD和缩短水力停留时间使产甲烷UASB在最佳条件下运行,36d后产甲烷UASB中粒径>1.0 mm的颗粒污泥占64%,出水COD稳定在300 mg/L以下,可认为颗粒污泥培养成功.颗粒污泥的成熟经历了形成不规则核心、挤压架桥、分割成长、修剪长大四个阶段,加速污泥颗粒化的因素包括适宜的生长环境、良好的水力特征等.     

颗粒活性炭加速厌氧反应器污泥颗粒化的研究

为克服厌氧反应器启动慢和启动难的问题,以UASB反应器为代表,向反应器内投加颗粒活性炭以加快厌氧污泥颗粒化进程,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察颗粒污泥的生长情况.结果表明,在试验的第64天即完成了厌氧污泥颗粒化的全部过程,培养出的颗粒污泥具有厌氧颗粒污泥的基本特征和典型的生化特性,并对啤酒废水有很好的处理效果.可见,投加颗粒活性炭可加速厌氧污泥颗粒化进程,并能有效维持厌氧反应器的稳定运行.     

污泥厌氧消化工艺设计与运行中值得探讨的问题

针对污泥厌氧消化工艺设计及运行管理过程中出现的问题，讨论了莫氏曲线的应用对象，提出了建立科学的污泥厌氧消化性能及系统运行评价体系的建议，探讨了厌氧消化工艺对不同污泥应用的可行性，分析了污泥产气中H：S浓度的变化规律，指出了制定泥质标准分析方法的必要性，以促进污泥厌氧消化工艺的研究，进一步优化工艺设计和提高运行管理水平。     

EGSB的后续处理工艺选择

考察了与厌氧污泥膨胀床（EGSB）串联的厌氧生物滤池、好氧生物滤池和活性污泥法等3种工艺的除污性能。结果表明，厌氧生物滤池出水COD浓度较高，好氧生物滤池出水水质不够稳定，而采用活性污泥法作为EGSB的后续工艺，则出水水质良好且运行稳定。     

Anaerobic/oxic/anoxic granular sludge process as an effective nutrient removal process utilizing denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms

In a biological nutrient removal (BNR) process, the utilization of denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) has many advantages such as effective use of organic carbon substrates and low sludge production. As a suitable process for the utilization of DNPAOs in BNR, an anaerobic/oxic/anoxic granular sludge (AOAGS) process was proposed in this study. In spite of performing aeration for nitrifying bacteria, the AOAGS process can create anaerobic/anoxic conditions suitable for the cultivation of DNPAOs because anoxic zones exist inside the granular sludge in the oxic phase. Thus, DNPAOs can coexist with nitrifying bacteria in a single reactor. In addition, the usability of DNPAOs in the reactor can be improved by adding the anoxic phase after the oxic phase. These characteristics enable the AOAGS process to attain effective removal of both nitrogen and phosphorus. When acetate-based synthetic wastewater (COD: 600 mg/L, NH4-N: 60 mg/L, PO(4)-P: 10 mg/L) was supplied to a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor under the operation of anaerobic/oxic/anoxic cycles, granular sludge with a diameter of 500 microm was successfully formed within 1 month. Although the removal of both nitrogen and phosphorus was almost complete at the end of the oxic phase, a short anoxic period subsequent to the oxic phase was necessary for further removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. As a result, effluent concentrations of NH(4)-N, NO(x)-N and PO(4)-P were always lower than 1 mg/L. It was found that penetration depth of oxygen inside the granular sludge was approximately 100 microm by microsensor measurements. In addition, from the microbiological analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization, existence depth of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms was further than the maximum oxygen penetration depth. The water quality data, oxygen profiles and microbial community structure demonstrated that DNPAOs inside the granular sludge may be responsible for denitrification in the oxic phase, which enables effective nutrient removal in the AOAGS process.     

生物除磷影响污泥糖类物质含量的因素

通过三个小瓶实验，详细考究了污泥ＣＨ的代谢特征与作用，并通过建立厌氧－－缺氧－－－好氧反应中含碳化合物的转化与平衡关系，探讨了影响污泥ＣＨ积累的因素。