压型钢板-砼组合楼板火灾下温度场的数值分析

要研究压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板的抗火性能,首先要研究压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板的温度场.根据传热学中的基本原理,用有限元方法,对火灾下压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板温度场的计算方法进行了研究,并编制了计算程序.与实际试验结果对比,发现该方法精度较好.     

压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板抗火性能非线性分析

压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板是目前广泛运用的一种新型结构构件,但由于缺乏对组合楼板抗火性能的研究,现有设计方法并没有充分发挥材料的性能。本文在建立室内火灾传热模型基础上,在空间上运用有限单元法和在时间上运用有限差分的混合解法,编制计算程序解算出火灾下组合楼板在不同时刻的温度场,进而利用钢筋混凝土非线性有限单元法,对多种工况下组合楼板的抗火性能进行了分析,为组合楼板的抗火设计及研究提供了一定的基础。     

火灾下钢-混组合楼板截面温度场的试验研究

对标准火灾升温条件下采用YX76-344-688型钢承板的组合楼板截面温度场的分布规律进行了试验研究,并提出了对截面温度场进行计算模拟的改进的有限差分方法。研究结果表明,混凝土内的水分对低温区混凝土的升温过程产生很大影响,而改进后的有限差分计算方法可以合理地考虑水分的影响,很好地模拟组合楼板截面在低温区和高温区的温度场分布。最后,提出了在不同升温方式下截面温度场的实用分析方法,可供工程防火设计时使用。     

基于ANSYS的火灾下楼板的温度场研究

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对火灾情况下楼板的温度场进行分析,获得了楼板截面温度场的分布规律,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,为进一步研究钢筋混凝土楼板高温下的力学性能创造了条件.     

冷弯薄壁钢-陶粒混凝土组合楼板火灾响应试验研究

楼板为建筑物的重要构件,对楼板在各种火灾条件下的火灾响应研究对于楼板的抗火与防火设计意义重大.对4块板厚60mm、遭受温度为700℃、持续90min烃类火灾作用的冷弯薄壁钢-陶粒混凝土组合楼板试件开展了火灾响应试验研究,得到了组合楼板的响应温度场、火灾下的位移响应及楼板的破坏特征.试验结果表明,不同构造特征的组合楼板,其火灾下的位移响应有明显的差异,其中4个组合楼板试件的最大竖向位移分别为54.2mm,61.9mm,48.7mm和59.9mm.预制板之间设置的钢条连接件是否固定对组合楼板的火灾下位移有一定影响,其中固定后的位移较不固定小14.2％.     

钢管混凝土平面框架温度场有限元分析

火灾下的温度场计算是进行结构抗火设计或研究的重要步骤。采用有限元软件ABAQUS建模,对带楼板单层单跨钢管混凝土平面框架在ISO-834标准火灾作用下的温度场分布进行计算,并采用有关试验数据对计算结果进行验证。     

基于ANSYS的火灾下楼板的温度场研究

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对火灾情况下楼板的温度场进行分析,获得了楼板截面温度场的分布规律,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,从而为进一步深入认识钢筋混凝土楼板的高温下力学性能创造了条件。     

基于ABAQUS的火灾下楼板的温度场研究

利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对火灾情况下楼板的温度场进行了分析,获得了楼板截面温度场的分布规律,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,从而为进一步深入认识钢筋混凝土楼板的高温下力学性能创造了条件.     

玻化微珠整体式保温隔热楼板温度场研究

为了研究玻化微珠整体式保温隔热建筑楼板在火灾时的材料性能,需要研究其内部的温度场,根据传热学原理,借助有限元分析软件ANSYS对火灾下保温板的温度场分析,计算出楼板截面的温度分布规律,得出了玻化微珠保温砂浆具有良好的隔热性能.     

钢管混凝土柱-钢筋混凝土梁框架结构温度场试验研究

对4榀单层单跨的圆形钢管混凝土柱-钢筋混凝土梁带楼板组合框架在火灾下的温度场进行试验,研究组合框架中的钢管混凝土柱和钢筋混凝土梁温度场分布的特点,并对比不同防火涂料厚度、不同梁高等情况下的温度-受火时间关系曲线。最后采用有限元方法计算了组合框架的温度场,结果表明,计算结果和试验结果总体上较为吻合。     

带约束预制混凝土叠合板受火后抗弯性能的试验研究

进行带约束预制混凝土叠合板常温和受火后受弯性能的对比试验,研究升降温过程中截面温度场变化和不同受火时间自然冷却后极限荷载、初始弯曲刚度和延性系数的变化规律。结果表明：未受火预制混凝土叠合板和不同受火时间自然冷却后预制混凝土叠合板均发生弯曲破坏。带约束预制混凝土叠合板升温阶段截面温度场呈受火面温度高、背火面温度低的层状分布,降温阶段温度场呈内部温度高、外部温度低的圈状分布;随着受火时间增加,极限荷载和初始弯曲刚度均呈抛物线型下降;受火自然冷却后的残余挠度也明显增大。理论分析表明,经典塑形铰线理论适用于预制混凝土叠合板未受火试件和受火后试件极限荷载的计算;截面温度场和受火后极限荷载数值模拟结果均与试验结果吻合较好,可为预制混凝土叠合板的防火设计和火灾后鉴定评估提供依据。     

Behaviour of headed stud shear connectors for composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures

The behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures is an important problem. A three-dimensional push test model is developed herein with a two-dimensional temperature distribution field based on the finite element method (FEM) and which may be applied to steel-concrete composite beams. The motivation for this paper is to increase the awareness of the structural engineering community to the concepts behind composite steel-concrete structural design for fire exposure. The behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions strongly depends on the interaction of the slabs with the surrounding elements which include the structural steel beam, steel reinforcing and shear connectors. This study was carried out to consider the effects of elevated temperatures on the behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams for both solid and profiled steel sheeting slabs. This investigation considers the load-slip relationship and ultimate load behaviour for push tests with a three-dimensional non-linear finite element program ABAQUS. As a result of elevated temperatures, the material properties change with temperature. The studies were compared with experimental tests under both ambient and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, for the elevated temperature study, the models were loaded progressively up to the ultimate load to illustrate the capability of the structure to withstand load during a fire. It is concluded that finite element analysis showed that the shear connector strength under fire exposure was very sensitive. It is also shown that profiled steel sheeting slabs exhibit greater fire resistance when compared with that of a solid slab as a function of their ambient temperature strength.     

Thermal Analysis of Hollow Steel Columns Exposed to Localised Fires

In fires in large compartments like enclosed car parks, airport terminals and industrial halls, the uniform distribution of gas temperature of post-flashover stages are unlikely to occur; in these cases, the thermal actions of a localised fire must be taken into account. In order to design steel structures for a localised fire, very detailed data concerning the development of temperatures in steel is required. EN 1991-1-2 presents a simplified model for calculating the temperatures in ceiling slabs and in the beams that may support such slabs; however, no simplified calculation model for the heat transfer in vertical elements, such as columns, is yet available. There is a need for more experimental data on real scale structures exposed to localised fires. A research project on the evaluation of temperatures in steel columns exposed to localised fires was carried out at the University of Coimbra. Full-scale natural fire tests were used to test columns, instead of conducting the usual furnace tests. This paper presents and discusses the results of the experimental tests on unprotected hollow steel columns exposed to localised fires, each of them simulating a distinct fire scenario according to different fire loads, positions and ventilation conditions. During the fire tests, real measurements showed flame heights and burning times different to those preliminarily estimated: flame heights had been conservatively predicted; while, the duration of the burning had been significantly underestimated.     

开孔薄壁钢梁-轻骨料混凝土装配式组合楼板受火试验研究

为研究由冷弯卷边H形开孔薄壁钢梁和预制轻骨料混凝土板形成的装配式组合楼板的受火性能,对6个两端简支组合楼板试件开展了高温下试验研究,得到了试件的温度及位移响应。研究结果表明：在等效均布荷载2.0 kN/m²及最高炉温为600℃的烃类火灾作用下,以轻骨料混凝土及腹板开孔薄壁钢梁形成装配式组合楼板具有良好的抗火性能,组合楼板的跨中挠度最大为L/44（L为组合楼板跨度）时,试件仍保持良好的整体性;主钢梁腹板开孔直径与分布形式对组合楼板的整体抗火性能均有显著影响,为减小组合楼板高温下的位移响应,对主钢梁腹板的开孔宜优选孔径大、数量少的分布形式;抗剪键数量对组合楼板抗火性能的响应影响远大于对预制板类型的影响。     

A New Method to Analyze the Membrane Action of Composite Floor Slabs in Fire Condition

During 1995 and 1996, a total of six localized fire tests were conducted on a full-scale, eight-storey, steel framed building at Building Research Establishment Laboratory at Cardington. The test results show that the fire performance of steel-concrete composite floor is better than that obtained from traditional design method, and the load capacity of composite floor slab in fire condition is usually higher than the predicted capacity without considering membrane action. In the past decade, researchers have done a series of analyses in this area, such as Bailey, Usmani, and Li. In this paper, a new method to calculate the load capacity of simply supported composite floor slabs with considering the membrane action is presented. The slab is divided into five parts at the limit state of load capacity, including a center-elliptic part and four rigid parts around. The deflection of the slab, the force of rebars in high temperature, and the force distribution between four rigid parts are reasonably assumed. According to force and moment equilibrium requirements on the slab, a series of equations are obtained to calculate the ultimate load capacity of floor slabs in fire condition. The effectiveness of this new method is validated through comparison with results from experiments and different theoretical simulations. The comparison shows that this new method is more reasonable in predicting the deflection and ultimate load capacity of floor slabs in fire condition than previous methods.     

Experimental behaviour of composite slabs during the heating and cooling fire stages

Most theoretical and experimental research investigating the effect of fire on structures has previously concentrated only on the structural behaviour during the heating stages of the fire, partly due to the fact that internationally accepted standard fire tests only consider this stage of the fire. Evidence from real fires in real buildings has highlighted that the cooling phase of a fire is equally important and it is possible for structures to fail during this stage of the fire even though they have survived the heating stage up to a maximum fire temperature. This paper provides an insight into the behaviour of composite slabs under different fire scenarios considering both the heating and cooling phase of the fire. Extensive test data is presented which shows the redistribution of moments and strains in the deck and steel mesh, together with displacements during the full duration of the fire. The results show that the behaviour of composite slabs is dependent on the heating rate, the maximum temperature reached and the cooling rate. In terms of overall performance, displacements and the temperature on the non-fire side of the slab are important. For the tests presented in this paper it was shown that one fire scenario resulted in the maximum displacement but another fire scenario resulted in the maximum temperature on the unexposed face. In addition the maximum temperature of the unexposed side of the slab and the mesh reinforcement within the slab occurring during the cooling stages of the fire. This highlights the fact that the performance of structures must be checked in design under a range of possible fire scenarios, which must include both the heating and cooling stages of a fire.     

组合楼板和普通混凝土楼板在循环荷载作用下非线性有限元分析

采用非线性有限元分析方法研究组合楼板和普通混凝土楼板在循环荷载作用下的受力性能,并由此得到两类楼板的滞回曲线、骨架曲线及应力应变分布规律。计算结果表明,采用可靠构造措施的压型钢板和混凝土组合作用明显,在不失较高承载力的同时,组合楼板仍具有良好的抗震性能。     

压型钢板-竹胶板组合楼板的力学性能试验研究

为拓宽竹材的应用范围,实现建筑结构构件材料和形式的多样化,本文在阐述竹材的构造和力学性能以及竹材改性产品的基础上提出了一种新型的组合楼板──将竹胶板与压型钢板用结构胶粘结成为压型钢板-竹胶板组合楼板,并针对这一新型组合楼板进行了试验研究及理论分析。以竹胶板厚度、芯部压型钢板厚度及组合楼板跨度为参数进行了6块组合楼板的力学性能试验。结果表明,压型钢板-竹胶板组合楼板的整体工作性能优良,竹胶板与钢板之间具有很好的组合效应,能够提供较高的承载力和刚度,其力学性能可以满足作为建筑楼板的需要。根据组合楼板在正常使用阶段的变形范围内呈现出理想弹性性能的试验结果,提出了组合楼板抗弯刚度的计算方法;根据破坏阶段的应力状态提出了组合楼板极限受弯承载力计算方法,据此计算的组合楼板跨中挠度及受弯承载力的计算值与试验值吻合较好。